Electric Power 2012 Dr. Allan R. Hoffman/U.S. Department of Energy 16 May 2012

 Why offshore wind and how big is the resource?

 Statistics from one year ago  Current statistics  The USG offshore wind program  Concluding remarks 2

 Offshore Wind (OSW) has the potential, when widely deployed, to address two critical issues facing the nation  the need for new electrical energy sources that are ▪ carbon-free ▪ renewable ▪ indigenous to the U.S.

 the need to stimulate the economy and create new jobs 3

 OSW power plants can produce up to 50% more electricity than onshore cousins due to higher and steadier wind speeds  Proximity to major U.S. load centers with high average electricity costs  50% of Americans live within 50 miles of a coast  Other advantages over onshore locations  allows deployment of larger wind turbines  reduced visual impacts  less turbulence  lower noise constraints (allowing higher rotor speeds) 4

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 OSW is a large, broadly distributed, U.S. energy resource  thirty U.S. states border an ocean or Great Lake  NREL-estimated gross resource at 90m hub height out to 50 nm ▪ ▪ wind speeds > 7 m/s: ~3,000 GW wind speeds > 8 m/s: ~4,000 GW ▪ U.S. installed generating capacity: ~1,000 GW  The global OSW resource is abundant, with the U.S. potential ranked second only to China’s  European Union countries have been first movers and currently lead the world in installed offshore wind power 6

 Installed OSW capacity (end of 2010): 

European Union:

▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 2.9 GW in 45 wind farms and 9 countries ▪ 1,136 turbines foundations: 65% monopiles average wind farm size: 155 MW average water depth: 17.4 m Average distance to shore: 27 km 

China:

▪ first OSW wind farm connected to grid: 3 MW x 34 = 102 MW ▪ ten other individual OSW turbines in operation ▪ size range: 1.5-2 MW 7

 Installed OSW capacity (end of 2011): 

European Union (overall):

▪ 3.8GW in 53 wind farms in 10 countries ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 1,371 turbines foundations: 75% monopiles; 21% gravity-based two full scale grid-connected floating turbines (2-3MW) average wind farm size: 200 MW average water depth: 22.8 m average distance to shore: 23.4 km  this is a decrease from 2010  average distance for wind farms under construction: 33.2 km 8



Rated by nameplate capacity:

▪

United Kingdom

▪ Walney (phases 1 & 2): 367 MW ▪ ▪ Thanet: 300 MW Linn & Inner Dowsing: 194 MW ▪ ▪ Robin Rigg: 180 MW Gunfleet Sands: 172 MW • • Ormonde: 150 MW Kentish Flats: 90 MW • • Barrow: 90 MW Burbo Bank: 90 MW • Rhyl Flats: 90 MW 9

    

Denmark

 Horns Rev II: 209 MW  Rodsand II: 207 MW  Nysted: 166 MW

Belgium

 Bligh Bank: 165 MW

Netherlands

 Princess Amalia: 120 MW  Egmond on Zee: 108 MW

Sweden

 Lillgrund: 110 MW

Germany

 Alpha Ventus: 60 MW  Baltic I: 48 MW 10



China:

 Donghai Bridge: 102 MW  Longyuan Rudong Intertidal: 131.3 MW 11

    

United Kingdom:

 London Array (Phase I): 630 MW  Greater Gabbard: 504 MW  Sheringham Shoal: 315 MW  Lincs: 270 MW  Teesside: 62 MW

Germany:

 Trianel Borkum West II: 400 MW  BARD Offshore I: 400 MW Denmark:  Anholt: 400 MW

Belgium:

 Thortonbank Phase 2: 148 MW

China:

 Datang Laizhou III: 50 MW 12

  

United Kingdom:

 Dogger Bank: 9,000 MW (13,000 MW potential)  Norfolk Bank: 7,200 MW  Irish Sea: 4,200 MW  Hornsea: 4,000 MW  Firth of Forth: 3,500 MW  Bristol Channel: 1,500 MW  Moray Firth: 1,300 MW  Triton Knoll: 1,200 MW

Sweden:

 Blekinge Offshore: 2,500 MW

South Korea:

 Korea Offshore: 2,500 MW 13

 “A National Offshore Wind Strategy: Creating an Offshore Wind Energy Industry in the United States”  http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/national_offshore_wind_strategy.pdf

 announced jointly by DOE and DOI February 2011  goals: ▪ ▪ 2020: 10 GW installed @ $0.10/kWh 2030: 54 GW installed @ $0.07/kWh  Department of the Interior  critical partner – has primary jurisdiction  over OSW projects in federal waters announced “Smart from the Start” initiative November 2010 • • To facilitate project siting, leasing , construction off the Atlantic Coast http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/02/10/smart-start-building-clean-energy-future 14

 DOE actions in support of the Strategic Plan:  February 2011: announced release of three solicitations (up to $50.5 over five years ): ▪ ▪ • Technology Development (up to $25M over 5 years) support development of innovative wind turbine design tools and hardware Removing Market Barriers (up to $18M over 3 years): support baseline studies and targeted environmental research to characterize key industry sectors and factors limiting the deployment of offshore wind. Next-Generation Drivetrain (up to $7.5M over 3 years): fund development and refinement of next-generation designs for wind turbine drivetrains 15

 DOI actions in advance and support of the Strategic Plan:  June 2010: Interior and 10 East Coast states form OSW Consortium  to promote development of OCS wind resources along East Coast  ME, NH, MA, RI, NY, NJ, DE, MD, VA, NC  February 2011: identified four mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Areas as part of ‘Smart from the Start’:  Delaware (122 square nautical miles)  Maryland (207 )  New Jersey (417)  Virginia (165)  April 2012: released draft EIS for assessing OSW resource potential in Mid- and South-Atlantic planning areas 16

 New Funding Opportunity Announcement by DOE (1 March 2012):      six-year $180M initiative that seeks applications for Research Addressing Market Barriers reflects increased focus in Wind Power Program on OSW Includes $20M in FY2012 , to fund up to four OSW projects designed to ▪ drive down cost of OSW farms ▪ reduce concerns about ease of permitting, offshore installations, grid integration ▪ reassure financiers about value of investments Letters of Intent were due March 30 th applications due May 31st 17

 private sector initiative  offshore high-voltage direct-current transmission line off the mid-Atlantic Coast, capable of serving up to 7,000 megawatts of power from OSW farms  December 2011: DOI completed internal review of AWC’s Right-of-Way application , prior to its release for public review  Project, if deployed, would span 300 miles of state and federal waters from NJ/NY to VA 18

 A year ago I concluded a talk on OSW with following words: - offshore wind is the most important emerging renewable energy technology - it can, and must, become an important part of the U.S. energy picture and its future economic growth - the U.S. is well behind the Europeans and China at this early stage of OSW development and deployment - nevertheless, given the U.S. resource base, our ability to innovate, and our broad and excellent manufacturing base, we can eventually play a major and even dominant role in OSW if we decide as a nation to do so.  These conclusions are still valid today, with the following caveats:  One year later the decision has been made to put increasing focus in DOE’s future Wind Power Program on OSW  DOE has committed $180M over six years ($20M in FY2012) to getting OSW equipment in the waters off of U.S. coasts 19

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