Power Generation Technologies

What’s the only thing that moves slower than the a glacier?

An IOU

COAL IS KING

2005

Source EPA

Trends Shaping Supply Dynamics

• • • • • Declining generation and retirement of coal – Increase supply from new technology, renewables and natural gas plants Flat or declining electricity sales – Declining need for base load generation New emissions rules steering technology choice State-of-the-art technology is needed to provide solutions Taking new technology to market need to happen

State-of-the-Art Combustion Turbines

New Names (again)

7F/HA gas turbine portfolio comparison

GE’s 7F / 7HA Gas Turbine Portfolio Large 60 Hz gas turbines (Air cooled) GT Output (MW) NOx/CO Emissions (ppmvd) GT Minimum Load in Emissions Compliance Compressor Combustor Power Turbine Simple Cycle start times (minutes)

Net Plant Output (MW) Net Plant Efficiency (%) Plant Start-up Time (minutes) Plant Ramp Rate (MW/minute)

7F.04

187 GT 9/9 CC 2/2 48%, 90 MW 18-stage DLN 2.6

3-stage 11 567 59% 33 60 7F.05

225 GT 9/9 CC 2/2 36%, 81 MW 14-stage DLN 2.6

3-stage 11 688 59.5% 33 80 7HA.01

275 GT 25/9 CC 2/2 30%, 83MW 14-stage DLN2.6+AFS 4-stage 10 813 >61% <30 100 7HA.02

330 GT 25/9 CC 2/2 30%, 99 MW 14-stage DLN2.6+AFS 4-stage 12 996 >61% <30 120

Performance and Turndown based on

Gas Turbine World

conditions; Combined Cycle emissions assume SCR and CO catalyst;

Comparison of the ~275 MW turbines GE, MPSA, Siemens, and Alstom

Turbine Make/Model

Simple Cycle

GT Output (MW) GT Efficiency NO X /CO Emissions (ppmvd) Min Load in Emissions Compliance Start time to min load (minutes) Start time to full load (minutes)

Combined Cycle

Net Plant Output (MW) Net Plant Efficiency Plant Start-up Times (minutes) Plant Ramp Rate (MW/minute) Available to Ship

GE 7HA.01

275 >41% GT 25/9 CC 2/2 30%, 83 MW 7 10 2x1 813 >61% <30 100 2016

MPSA M501GAC

276 39.8% GT 15/10 CC 2/2 50%, 138 MW <24 <31 2x1 826 59.6% <60 18 Yes

Siemens 8000H

274 40.0% GT 25/10 CC 2/2 50%, 137 MW <15 2x1 824 >60% 30 50 Yes

Alstom GT24

231 40.0% GT 15/10 CC 2/2 10%, 23 MW 2x1 664 >58.4% 30 45 Yes

Energy Storage Getting Traction

• • • Large Scale Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Molten Salt • • • Small Scale Batteries Flywheels Superconducting Magnets

Source:

U.S. Energy Information Administration, based on Energy Storage Association.

Energy Storage Projects in Development

• • • • • California 1.3 GW Energy Storage Mandate: Will require multiple large and small installations on both sides of meter.

Puerto Rico: Energy storage and backup required on all new wind and solar projects (mostly batteries with diesel backup) Pumped Hydro: FERC has issued preliminary permits to 45 projects for over 43,000 MW.

CAES: APEX Bethel (Texas); Chamisa Energy (Texas); PG&E (California).

Utility Scale Batteries: Large manufacturers (ABB, GE, Hitachi, Tesla) jumping into the space to compete with smaller already in the space (AES Energy Storage, A123, NGK, Xtreme)

Conclusions

• • • • Change has been tremendous over the past ten years Coal retirements will likely accelerate Renewables, advancements in technology and new technologies will be required to fill the coal gap We all get to be a part of modernizing the nations power supply system