Transcript オーストラリア研究(英語)

オーストラリア研究(英語)
Chris Burgess (1号館1308研究室、内線164)
[email protected] ・http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess
(ユーロビジョン・ソング・コンテスト)
Eurovision Song Contest’s 60th
anniversary: Australia one-off invite
Australian Guy Sebastian
comes 5th in Eurovision
A Tsuda Student in Canberra
• オーストラリアはヨー ロッパではありませんが、友
達によると、オーストラリアでEurovisionはなぜか
毎年人気でみんな観ているから、今年から参加し
た、ということでした。Eurovisionはかなり人気で、
みんなセミ・ファイナルくらいから、テレビの前に座
って、オーストラリアや自分のルーツがある国を応
援します。 時差の関係で、ファイナルのライブは
オーストラリアでは朝の4時ごろに放送されたにも
関わらず、同じ寮の人は起きて観に行ったそうで
す。スポーツ観戦のような感覚でしょうか。
‘Dear Mum’ War Bride
Homework
Dear Mum…
My husband’s parents and relatives
constantly harass him for bringing
yellow into the family and tell me
that I am a reminder of the war:
they do not allow our marriage
…neighbours look at me as if I was
an enemy…
I’m really sorry for you that I
married our ex-enemy…
Dear Mum…
I know my marriage has brought
disgrace on you…but I’m isolated
from people and feel
lonely…homesick…isolated…
I hope that we can recover the ties
of family and that I can become a
go-between/bridge for Australia and
Japan…
Dear Mum…
Some Australian people still have
anti-Japanese feelings…many
people who lost family members in
the war hate us: “You, Jap, killed
my family”, they say….And the
government promotes White
Australia policy. Everyday I feel
small whenever I go out…I feel like
an animal in the zoo…
Dear Mum…
We can’t be Japanese. We’re forced to
act as Australian: we can only have
one nationality. Assimilation
expectations are strong…In addition,
we’re discriminated & cheated by white
Australians because of our coloured
skin. I can’t ride on buses with white
people, nor eat in restaurants…also, I
am refused service in some shops…
Dear Mum…
Once when I was walking down the
street, I was called a ‘Jap’ & told to “go
back to Japan”…another time someone
threw something & spat at me, but I
couldn’t understand what he said: there
are walls of language & discrimination
…I cannot stop myself crying
Dear Mum…
I have to learn and speak English and
my children only speak English, though
other kids make fun of them because of
their appearance…I’m not teaching
them my side of the culture – I don’t
know if it’s best for them but I hope it is;
on the contrary, I am worried I may
forget Japan…
Dear Mum…
I can’t communicate with people
and it is hard to guess what they
are thinking with their blue eyes
and white skin…my problem is
language – it’s hard to live without
words. I can’t even ask for help…
Dear Mum…
Everyone is very tall, even
women…I think it’s because they
eat meat a lot…They eat even
kangaroos and koala bears…
Dear Mum…
The thing which bothers me the
most is water. It’s so dry here! In
Japan, water is everywhere and
we can get it whenever we want;
however, in Australia it is
impossible. I miss taking a bath…
Dear Mum…
They won’t let me cook any of our
favourite dishes. No Japanese food at
all! All the food tastes the same here –
it’s either sweet or salty…chocolate or
meat pies!
I’m sick of eating chicken, potatoes &
bread everyday – I miss white rice,
miso soup, natto, tsukemono, soysauce taste…and sleeping on a futon
“The food on the boat was
Western and I got bored
with it quickly. All I could
think of was the urge to
have pickled cucumber
with ochazuke…”
Kiku Brown
Dear Mum…
I am learning to cook Australian
food – it’s so exciting! I There is
plenty of food and we also grow
some in our garden. I love the
confectionary in Australia too and
want to send some to you.
Dear Mum…
I don’t know whether my husband
lives or not and comes home
sometimes or not. I’m very worried
about his life and death because I
am pregnant. If he dies, I feel pity
for the baby...I live like a prisoner
Dear Mum…
I’m worried about my future. My
visa is valid for only 5 years.
Though I came to live here
permanently with my husband, now
I can’t imagine what it’ll be like after
5 years…I’m really afraid to be
expelled someday
Dear Mum…
Though I was naturalised in Australia I
cannot be Australian. Because to be a
citizen of one country, not only the
citizenship but also the acceptance of
the local people is needed, I think…
I’ve felt like an outsider, a secondclass citizen…who am I?
Dear Mum…
My great sadness is to go to Japan
as a foreigner. Even though I was
born and grew up in Japan, I’m
already not Japanese. Now my
nationality is Australian …I still can’t
believe I have an English name! I’m
afraid of losing my identity – I don’t
want to throw away my identity.
Because I am Japanese…
Clarification
• Even today, Japan does not
recognise dual nationality
– ALSO, until 1986, only Japanese men could
pass their nationality to their children. Japanese
women, even if they had Japanese nationality,
could not pass it on to their children…
• Australia suffered almost 100 direct
attacks by the Japanese during WWII
(& treatment of Australian POWs was
still fresh in the mind of many)(日本軍の捕虜）
Australian Culture: Art,
Literature, Music, Film
‘Sports-obsessed cultural
wasteland devoid of
cerebral stimulation...’
Jan. ‘04
Some have noted that Australians
tend to have an ‘anti-intellectual’
attitude towards thinkers,
scientists, artists, writers etc…
‘Cultural Cringe’
• “an internalized inferiority complex which
causes people in a country to dismiss their
own culture as inferior to the cultures of
other countries.” wikipedia
• 「外国の文化、特に英国文化に対する卑屈な
追従。A.A.Phillips(1900-1985)が文芸誌「ミア
ンジン」の文芸批評に使った句。オーストラリア
の精神風士をあらわすのによく用いられてきた
言葉。Colonial cringeともいう」
Actually…
• At least 88% of all Australians attend a
cultural event or performance every year
• Film (70%) most popular, followed by pop
concerts (26%) , art gallery/museum
(25%), opera/musical (19%), theatre
(18%), dance (11%), classical music
concert (9%)
5. Australian writers, painters, and
architects are…
a) World-class
b) Non-existent
c) Terrible
ABORIGINAL CULTURE
DIDJERIDOO (ディジュリドゥ)
おもにオーストラリア北部
のアボリジニが使用する
木製の管楽器
日本へ１９７０
年代未
１９４５ キンバリ
１９５８ バルゴ・ヒルズ
１９８０年代未
Aboriginal Art: 5 phases
1) Stone-age, ‘primitive’
e.g. clay/rock art, body painting
Aboriginal Art: 5 phases
2) Beginnings of interest
•
bark (木の皮) paintings collected by
anthropologists and missionaries (1920/30’s)
Aboriginal Art: 5 phases
3) Art institution purchases (1960’s+)
•
Funding made available to buy art
Aboriginal Art: 5 phases
4) Tourist art (1980’s+)
•
Painted on walls, boards, souvenirs
Aboriginal Art: 5 phases
5) Contemporary Urban art
•
Western fusion, pop art, photography for
social comment and political expression
RICHARD BELL
Earth’s Creation by Emily Kame Kngwarreye
May ’07: Sold for over A$1 million: highest
price ever paid for an indigenous work of art
Clifford Possum (‘32~’02): ‘Warlugulong’
July ‘07: Bought for A$2.4 million by
National Gallery of Australia
NON-ABORIGINAL CULTURE
WRITERS (小説家)
Peter Carey (ピーター・ケアリー)
1988
オスカーとルシンダ.
2001
ケリー・ギャング
の真実の歴史
ブッカー賞（２回）
OTHER BOOKER PRIZE
WINNERS
• Thomas Keneally
– best known for writing Schindler's Ark,
the Booker Prize-winning novel of 1982
which was adapted to Steven
Spielberg's Schindler's List
(シンドラーのリスト)
• Richard Flanagan
– The Narrow Road to the Deep North
won the Booker Prize in 2014. The
novel commemorates his father's
experience in a Japanese POW camp
(日本軍の捕虜）
PAINTERS (画家)
COLIN LANCELEY
Sidney Nolan’s “First Class
Marksman” sells for A$5.4m
ネッド・ケ
リー(18551880)は、
オーストラリ
アの盗賊、
無法者であ
る
First Class Marksman depicts the square black shape of
the outlaw Ned Kelly with the distinct eye slit of his
helmet standing with rifle at the ready on a dusty road in
the bush. It is believed to be the only one of Nolan's 27
paintings of Ned Kelly not in the National Gallery of
March
Australia (NGA)
in ofCanberra.
2010
Art Gallery
New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
ARCHITECTS (建築家)
GLEN MURCUTT (マーカット)
“The tin shed man”
Corrugated (波形の) Iron
Small-scale, ordinary materials
Influenced by land & climate –
motto: ‘touch the earth lightly’
2002 Won the Pritzker Prize (the
‘Nobel Prize’ for Architecture)
2009 Won American Institute of
Architects’ (AIA) Gold Medal
– but never built outside Australia!
N_____ K____
G_______ R____
M__ G______
N____ W_____
G__ P_____
C___ B______
Nicole Kidman
Geoffrey Rush
Mel Gibson
Guy Pearce
Naomi Watts
Cate Blanchett
2000
Guy Pearce Films
2010
2008
2012
2013
2010
NZ born, OZ based
Russel Crowe
Jane Campion
Australians at the ’09 Oscars
Heath Ledger –
Best supporting actor
Hugh Jackman –
Host
Best Films
2007: Romulus,
my Father
2008: The
Black Balloon
DVD-3692
ＤＶＤ－３６８７
DVD-3713
2009: Samson
and Delilah
Quentin Tarantino listed Animal Kingdom
as his third favorite film of 2010, behind
Toy Story 3 and The Social Network
DVD-4662
Film of the Year 2011
The film is based on a true story from the
novel of the same name
DVD-4664
Film of the Year 2012 (ソウルガ
ールズ)
Based on the true story of Australian
Aboriginal singers who gained fame as a
group and entertained troops in Vietnam
NOW IN THE AV LIBRARY! (DVD-6210)
Film of the Year 2013 (華麗なる
ギャツビー)
Co-written and directed by Australian Baz Luhrmann (“Australia”),
BD-0087
Film(s) of the Year 2014
DVD-6231
DVD-6222
Best Actor: David Gulpilil
828.9934/A534
エリック・ローマクスは第二次世界
大戦中に日本軍の捕虜となり、タイ
とビルマを結ぶ泰緬鉄道の建設に
従事させられ、残忍な扱いを受ける
Australian Language (=“Strine”)
Australian-English Quiz
• (s)arvo
this afternoon
• onya
Good on you!
(“an onya to the cook!”)
• sanger
sandwich
• milk bar
corner store
(W.A.=deli)
Australian-English Quiz
• crook
sick
• chippies
french fries
• stubbie
beer
• esky
cool box
Australian English words and
phrases recently added to
OxfordDictionaries.com
•
•
•
•
•
Abbreviations
Dinkum (genuine/true) phrases
Kangaroo related terms
Sheep/wool-related terms
Words from Aboriginal
languages
http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/03/
australian-english-update/
“No Worries” (心配無用) means…
a)
You’re Welcome (どういたしまして)
b)
Sure (分りました・任せてください）
「この言葉には、アメリカ人の愛用
語であるTake it easy! と同様、く
よくよ考えずに、あかるくものごと
に積極的に取り組んでいこうとす
る陽気なオージー・スピリットが感
じられるのである。「ノー・ウォリー
ズ」にはいつも笑顔がついている
ように思われる」
樋口靖(オーストラリア研究紀要第１９号、１９９３）
オーストラリア研究(英語)
Chris Burgess (1号館1308研究室、内線164)
[email protected] ・http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess
Gabriella Cilmi
Sam Sparro
The Veronicas
r