Transcript EEG data correction

Simultaneous recording of EEG and BOLD responses
Why and How
Synopsis
1.
Motivation and perspectives
2.
Technical Setup
3. EEG data processing
i.
ii.
The gradient artifact
•
Technical prerequisites: synchronization
•
Artifact removal and data quality
The ballistocardiographic artifact
4.
Current studies
5.
Conclusions
Motivation and perspectives
• Achieving both high spatial and temporal resolution
• Shed light on the foundations and interrelations of MEG, EEG and fMRI
Motivation and perspectives
Is there a (partial) correspondence of fMRI and EEG/MEG?
• fMRI indirectly inferes neural activity via BOLD-reponse (neurovascular
coupling)
• EEG/MEG more directly reflect neural activity (apical EPSPs…)
large scale
synchrony
neural firing
rates
Motivation and perspectives
Basic applications
• fMRI-informed source reconstruction
• parametric designs and EEG-fMRI covariation
• single-trial coupling of EEG and fMRI
Motivation and perspectives
Higher order models
• compound neural mass and hemodynamic models
• joint ICA
• parallel ICA
Motivation and perspectives
Clinical relevance???
Original Motivation:
• Mapping epileptic zones
Recent „clinical“ research:
• Movement disorders (cortical myoclonus)
• Brain-computer interfaces (Biofeedback)
Motivation and perspectives
Measurement techniques and applications
• separate recordings of EEG and fMRI (two sessions)
• interleaved recordings (EEG in “silent periods”)
• simultaneous recordings (both modalities continuously
measured)
Motivation and perspectives
Continuous/simultaneous measurements:
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• temporal correlation of EEG and fMRI
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• strongly degraded signal quality (especially EEG)
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Technical Setup
Combined EEG – fMRI
Recordings
Actual Status Hard- and Software
Technical Setup
EEG-Recording
System Components (BrainAmp MR plus, Brain Products GmbH):
1.
EEG amplifier unit, 32 channel, fMRI
approved (GE, Bruker, Siemens and
Phillips scanner), accumulator driven
2.
EEG cap (EASY Cap), 32 channel (plus EOG, ECG), modified 10-20 system,
sintered Ag/AgCl sensors, 10 kOhm for EEG cables, 15 kOhm for EOG/ECG
cables, 3 different sizes
3.
Sync-Box (Frequency divider), synchronization between MR scanner and
EEG data recording
4.
EEG-Data acquisition computer + Recording Software
5.
BrainAmp I/O USB Adapter,
interface between all other components
Technical Setup
EEG cap
Technical Setup
EEG Amplifier
Technical Setup
Stimulation Modes
1. Visual Stimulation:
Stimulation Computer (Presentation) -> Beamer -> Ground Glass ->
Mirror (800x600 pixel) -> Subject
2. Auditory Stimulation:
Stimulation Computer (Presentation) -> Audiometer -> Audio Amplifier
-> MR compatible stereo Head Phones -> Subject
3. Tactile Stimulation:
Stimulation Computer (Presentation) -> pneumato-tactile Stimulator ->
8 (finger) membranes -> Subject
Components which are inside the MR measurement chamber are emphasized in green
Technical Setup
Tactile Stimulation
• driven by compressed air
• up to eight independent output channels
• integrated TTL trigger control unit
Technical Setup
MRI compatible opto-electrical Response Unit
– 2 response panels (shape is adapted for left and right hand)
– Each panel provides 2 response buttons (best fitting for index and
middle finger)
– Response panels are connected to opto-electrical transducers
via fiber optical cables (inside MR chamber)
– Response signals are recorded by Stimulation and Recording
Software in order being referable during later analysis
Technical Setup
Response Unit
Technical Setup
Triggering / Synchronization
(Hardware) Trigger Generators:
1. Stimulation Computer: event coding and timing via Presentation
port codes
2. Response Unit: response coding trigger
3. SyncBox: periodic sync trigger generated from scanner electronic
pulse to synchronize the EEG signal sampling by the MR scanner
rate (requisite for scanner artefact rejection)
4. fMRI-Scanner: volume trigger representing MR volume scan onset
time (used for scanner artefact rejection and event timing in
Presentation)
All triggers are represented in the recorded EEG data set and one can refer to
them during the subsequent data analysis (artefact rejection, averaging etc.).
Technical Setup
Beamer
fMRI
Scanner
Electronic
EEGAmplifier
MR chamber
Head Phones
Volume Trigger
Sync
preAmp
Audio
Amplifier
Opto-elect
Transducer
Pneumatotactile
Stimulator
Response
Buttons
Clips
Membranes
I/O-USB
Adapter
Sync Box
EEG
Recording
Stimulation
Technical Setup
Online Recording Setup
Technical Setup
Combined EEG – fMRI
Recordings
Data quality
EEG data correction
Major artifacts
• “gradient artifact”
• induced currents due to gradient switching
• “ballistocardiographic artifact”
• movement of conductive material in static magnetic
field
• vibrations due to active helium pump
EEG data correction
The “gradient artifact”
• slice selection:
• frequency of slice acquisition
• e.g. TR = 2s, 28 slices – 14 Hz (and harmonics)
• spatial encoding within a slice:
• usually phase encoding
• e.g. 64 × 64 Matrix – 64 × 15 = 960 Hz (not recorded)
EEG data correction
The “gradient artifact”
• technical artifact – rather invariant
• correction via subtraction of channel-specific templates
• problem 1: subject motion changes position of
cables/electrodes
• foam cushions
• problem 2: differential timing of EEG sampling and fMRI
acquisition
• EEG/MR Synchronisation – “SyncBox”
EEG data correction
synchronized
unsynchronized
EEG data correction
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EEG data correction
EEG data correction
The ballistocardiographic artifact
• “ballistocardiographic artifact”
• movement of conductive material in static magnetic
field
a) cardiac-related axial head motion
b) pulsatile movement of the scalp
c) electromagnetic induction due to blood flow
EEG data correction
The ballistocardiographic artifact
• correction via subtraction of channel-specific templates
Problems:
• biological artifact – high degree of variability
• template stability over time – motion induced changes
EEG data correction
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BCG artifact –BCG
afterartifact
template subtraction
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EEG data correction
EEG data correction
The ballistocardiographic artifact
• further improvements may be obtained via:
• removal of residual BCGA via ICA
• Optimal Basis Set (OBS – channelwise temp. PCA)
• OBS - ICA
EEG data correction
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ICA filtering
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artifact––after
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EEG data correction
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EEG data correction
The ballistocardiographic artifact
• further improvements may be obtained via:
• removal of residual BCGA via ICA
• Optimal Basis Set (OBS – channelwise temp. PCA)
• OBS – ICA
• “automatized” component identification
• correlating the raw ECG-trace with time courses of
independent component
• correlating BCGA-topography with IC weighting matrix
EEG data correction
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EEG data analysis
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subtraction only
additional ICA filtering
EEG data analysis
EEG data analysis
amplitude
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EEG data analysis
standard fMRI
single trial fMRI
Conclusions
Current studies:
• Tactile Stop-Signal task (executive functions)
• Affective conditioning
• Language processing
Planned study:
• Resting state/default mode network