Transcript The American Esperanto Book: A Compendium of

THE
AMERICAN
BOOK
ESPERANTO
A
THE
OF
COMPENDIUM
INTERNATIONAL
LANGUAGE
ESPERANTO
COMPILED
ARTHUR
BAKER,
AND
A.
E.
EDITED
A., EDITOR
BY
OF
CHICAGO
ESPERANTISTO,"
CHICAGO
CHARLES
H.
KERR
1907
"
COMPANY
"AMERIKA
Copyright,
by
igoy,
All
jfOHN
Reserved
Rights
PRESS
F
CHICAGO
Arthur
OP
niGGINS
Baker
PREFACE
The
for
language
a
need
few
a
teacher,
and
world,
the
number
each
is
These
those
their
who
neither
"
of
with
is
Italian
or
of
this
of
means
knowledge
of
title, the
contents
dignity
reply
to
artificial
"It
to
sound*'
is
"
not
The
istic'*
art-
ness
useful-
established
merits
the
that
be
well
may
observation
that
by
uninitiated
mistaken
Spanish,
of
undeserved
an
artistic
frequently
aim
the
its
perhaps
musical
most
The
of
thousands
beyond
thoroughly
so
Their
established
locomotive.
steam
a
of
Esperantists
of
telephone.
the
is
discussion
language
the
is
Esperanto
dismissed,
for
in
aid
the
language
**It has
voice
the
an
the
supplies.
nationality.
being
oppose
other
hundreds
conferring
arguments.
has
by
know.
conversation
for
the
their
facts
be
it would
upon
all
with
not
without
even
himself
whatever
increasing
year.
doubt,
the
with
do
Esperanto
study,
qualify
can
correspondence
of
so
one
of
second
a
relations
they
humanity
be
to
have
who
languages
of
weeks
is
Esperanto
persons
native
great
By
those
whose
people
This
of
purpose
popularly
the
supposed
the
to
be
languages.
book
is
acquiring
Esperanto.
are
provide,
to
a
in
thorough,
As
especially
suggested
adapted
ume,
vol-
one
practical
by
to
its
the
Americanisms
of
This
of
is based
volume
Authority
Ekzercaro^ by
the
upon
exercises
All the
Zamenhof.
to the
language.
our
Sources
Dr.
regard being paid
student, due
American
taken
are
from
The
absolutely authoritative.
of the
and translations, with the discussion
notes
while containing much
original work,
grammar,
The
also indebted
to the
following sources
:
are
W.
BulStandard
Course of Esperanto, by George
it and
therefore
are
len, F. B. E. A.; Esperanta Sintakso, by Sro. Paul
and
Fruictier; Grammar
General
Cox.
George
vocabulary is compiled
by Major-
Commentary,
The
from
Esperanto-English
edition of
second
the
Esperanto-English Dictionary, by A.
the
and
Worterbuch
Jurgensen,
Motteau,
by Hermann
being preferred where
Esperanto- Deutsch,
the latter volume
in concord.
Supplementing these,
nor
English- Esperanto Dictionary, by J. C. O'Confor the matter
and C. F. Hayes, is drawn
upon
the two
the
are
not
in the
contained
English-Esperanto vocabulary.
How
to
Study
Read
7
to
carefullythe first part of the book, pages
It is by no means
desirable to
76 inclusive.
attempt
pages
much
to assimilate
at once,
of
but
English
refreshed, and
everything
the
student
who
forth
has
will find
grammar
the person
set
who
has
in these
forgotten
his memory
considered
him-
self
his
widen
may
and
commit
to
take
finished
Having
contained
in
in
student
will
such
request
being
it
outside
are
put
your
any
of
the
(with
use
purpose
world.
stamp),
succeeding
able
readily
literature
in
to
necessary
vocabulary
and
terms,
burden
to
his
knowledge
of
in
or
reading,
whatever,
Addresses
from
Amerika
and
wise
memory
uses.
Esperanto
in
to
dence
correspon-
with
may
many
the
his
needs
own
the
compendium
seemed
has
words
the
read
to
modest
a
exercises.
the
all
and
attempt
practical
for
Chicago*
not
as
immediate
on
be
will
technical
and
may
part
order,
7,
page
Esperanto
four
Esperanto-English
the
words
any
book
the
memorized
and
material,
Esperanto
You
their
to
of
the
correspondence
unusual
with
in
you
This
include
and
these
ordinary
language.
of
this
up,
them,
return
sounds
the
Esperanto
that
subject.
the
matter,
memory
on
Then
pages.
any
this
described
letters
of
knowledge
finishing
Upon
find
will
grammarian
good
a
persons
be
obtained
EsperantistOy
in
CONTENTS
Alphabet
of
Rules
The
7
Grammar
the
Article
-
-
-
-
-19
-----
The
Substantive
The
Adjective
20
24
------
Pronouns
-
Verb
The
Participle
The
Adverb
The
Preposition
The
Conjunction
-----
The
Interjection
-----
The
Numerals
Order
Foreign
of
-
37
-
41
59
61
53
Suffixes
and
65
70
-----
Punctuation
Words
-
-
-
-
Names
Exercises
-
.
.
-
74
.
^^
'
-
-
-
-
,
-
Correspondence
La
-
-
47
Words
Correlative
-
-
-
------
and
Capitals
26
28
The
Prefixes
12
Esperantismo
-
-
-
-
77
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
76
180
184
VOCABULARIES
Esperanto-English
Vocabulary
English-Esperanto
Vocabulary
-
-
3
-
-
.
7y
ESPERANTO
AMERICAN
THE
ALPHABET
THE
The
Aa,
Tt, Uu,
ho,
so,
Oo,
Hh,
Rr,
Pp,
Letters
the
by
^^,
hho, j
n
s
ro,
b
:
Gg,
Ff, Gg,
Nn,
and
sounds,
formed
are
ending
the
are
letters,
only:
Ee,
Mm,
of
Names
(vowels)
Dd,
twenty-eight
Hli,
Ss,S",
Zz.
Vv,
Uu,
The
r
LI,
of
sound
one
Ce,
Cc,
Bb,
li, Jj, J!, Kk,
h
consists
alphabet
representing
each
BOOK
c
yo,
A,
of
those
adding
the
d
tso, t choy
u
v
wo,
the
i fo,
do,
vo,
I, O,
mo,
z
g go,
n
U
ants
conson-
Esperanto
J zho, k ko, 1 lo, m
" shoy t toe,
E,
no,
noun
g
jo,
p po,
zo,
SOUNDS
The
sound
English,
given
with
the
is like
a
C
is like
ts
C is like
ch
E
is like
a
G
is like ^f in go,
G
is like / in joy,
is like
I is like
is the
exceptions:
in father,
in hats,
in chop.
(but
in fate
or
r^^ in loch
ee
letter
following
A
H
each
in
j"?^.
g
not
in
so
long).
George,
(See explanation).
same
as
in
8
'
Book
'A?neriain\}L'speranto
'The
'
J is like
y
in yet,
J is like
z
in seizure,
O
is like
S is like
in ^^//.
o
in
s
i'"?.
S is like sh in show,
U
is like
^^
in
U
is like
^
in how,
Z is like
It will be
are
2;^;^^.
^
that the lettersbearingthe supersign
Printers
unable
to propronounced ch, gh, hh, jh, sh.
cure
substitute these forms.
the specialtype may
The
is
E
of text-books,
and
men
a
in fate.
duplicatesthe English
best to advise
but
a,
long, it
in two
or
Trill
r
an
to
cut
three
R.
the
affectation
Bohemian
O
is
difficultyto
English vowel
no
in
Inasmuch
ej exactly
as
in fatey it is considered
a
student
to pronounce
it short.
e
words;
"
in
Copy
e.
While
rrr
except
listed
exception
trill usually regarded as
not
America,
the
our
vejno.
g. veno,
the
like
Still, if pronounced
possibly be misunderstood
cannot
Europeans.
or
the
pronounced with
is
there
as
of
matter
exactly represents it. Authorities
that it is approximately half-way between
our
agree
long
a
which
sound
in
observed
Esperanto
writers
e
in
z
soon,
but
of your
as
an
used
by
German,
most
of
French
friends.
Esperanto is
not
exactly
as
in
English,
it as in vote, roilyetc.
Beginners should pronounce
as
shortening the sound as much
possible.
,
American
The
J
sound
the
has
leisurCytreasure^
J is classed
to
of
z
9
in pleasure^ measure^
as
s
in seizure^ azure,
and
consonant,
a
as
is
sound
the
preceding vowel in forming
plurals,oj,ojn, aj,ajn,uj,ujn, and its addition
the vowel
changes the
ending of a word never
with
always blended
the
or
Book
Esperanto
the
positionof the accent : Plume, ploo-mo; plumoj,
ploo-moy; plumojn, ploo-moyn; granda, grahn -dah\
grandaj, grahri-dai(^aias in aisle or as /in file^;
grandajn, grahn-dine; tiu, tee'-oo;tiuj, tee-ooy;
tiujn,tee-ooyn; plej,play,
"oy,"is not an inconsistency,
OJ, Pronounced
is aj
nor
as
superficialstudents
suppose,
many
when
given the sound of long /. If you doubt this,
will observe
tj is
,
and
oh yes
pronounce
a
ah yes
quickly and
very
you
perfectdiphthongs result.
that
is used
and
consonant,
after
a
and
e
to
diphthongs au and eii. The sound of the
letter is like w in English, and sometimes
puzzles
beginners,who think that they have discovered an
exception to the rule that Esperanto letters have
form
the
each
one
a
invariable
AU
has
the
EU
has
a
sound.
sound
of
ow
in how^ cow,
which
may
quick pronunciation of
ehoo
most
of the
oo
sound
vowel
sound.
be
or
A
plow,
approximated by
eliminating
ayoo,
stillbetter practice
The
10
combination
the words
American
is ehw
in
as
presents
It is
people.
from
a
pronounced
ehw-ro-pa-
to English-speaking
difficulty
some
strong gutteral aspirate,produced
a
position lower in
It is used
sound.
but if the student
it
the throat
in several
has
such
as
unfamiliar
also
English
languages,
approximate
Fortunately, the
used.
Combinations
are
any
it he may
heard
not
than
European
by pronouncing it hH,
letter is seldom
etc.,
makes
never
eh-oo-ro-pa-no.
no, not
H
quickly
very
combination
is
syllables:europano
two
pronouncing
This
Willie,
eh
Esperanto Book
kv, kn, gv, "v, "t, "m,
who
to one
speaks only
English, but present littledifficulty,although
remember
must
combination
native
sc
is no
more
we
are
is directed
should
written, and
found
in exempt
Accent.
"
The
our
slur it,
not
to
^
the ng
other
two
and
almost
the
ation
inclin-
as
in English.
The
leen-gvo,feen-gro, etc.
similar
kz in ek-zi-li and
as
must
pronouncing lingvo,
is followed by g,
in which
n
words
in
many
detail: sts.
each
of the beginner is to sound
Such
The
silent.
ever
In
combinations:
word
are
difficultthan
except that
attention
Especial
every
no
language,
but bring out
letters
that
one
not
words
be
example,
tonic
or
is pronounced
given the
sound
as
of gz
etc.
principal accent
is
on
The
syllable
the
syllables
word
the
are
placed
with
demands,
latter
consideration
words.
For
juvelkesto
the
as
matter
vowels
bo-a-o',
metiisto,
or
many
zo-o-lO'gi'O.
in
in
a
sound,
jewel;
this
least
The
compounding
kesto,
secondary
the
at
good
case\
accent
on
sound
should
first.
is
syllable
double
ogio,
require
the
as
how
important
juvelo,
secondary
derivation.
to
respect
example:
or
many
6e-z/^-lo;
do'Vs\o\
euphony,
is
syllable,
strongly
A
due
now
The
where
would
second
contain;
may
1
matter
no
ad-min-is-tran-/^-ro.
ak-ci-i"/-tro;
accents
last,
the
to
next
Book
Esperanto
American
necessary
come
Esperanto:
tne-ti-ist-o-y
for
together;
traire,
treege,
vowel,
every
there
no
no
are
tra-i-re;
boao,
tre-eg-e)
zool-
1
Esperanto Book
American
The
12
THE
OF
RULES
GRAMMAR
[The paragraphs in Esperanto
by Zamenhof
part of the Fundamento
a
,
Rules
the Sixteen
are
given
The
de
accompanying English paragraphs are
a
Esperanto,
translation]
.
I
The
Article.
there
is only
cases
and
first not
article;
article is the
of the
use
Those
article presents
it at all.
nedifinita
Artikolo
to
persons
the
use
artikolo
The
languages.
of
use
indefinite
no
definite article,la, alike for all sexes,
a
"
in other
the
is
numbers.
Remark.
as
There
"
a
same
whom
difficulty
may
at
ekzistas; ekzistas nur
{la), egala per 6iuj seksoj,
difinita
ne
kazoj kaj nombroj.
Rimarko.
kiel
sama
en
kiuj la uzado
ajojn, povas
de
uzado
La
"
la artikolo
estas
tia
la aliaj lingvoj. La personoj, por
de la artikolo prezentas
malfacilen
la
tute
tempo
unua
ne
|in uzi.
II
The
o.
Substantive.
For
ending j.
*
the
There
Substantives
"
formation
are
of the
only
Accusative, in English grammar,
two
have
plural we
cases
is termed
"
the ending
add
the
nominative
objective.
Esperanto Book
American
The
by the addition
nominative
of
13
termination
the
n.
expressed by the help of prepositions
(the genitive^
by de, the dative^ by al, the
ablative^ by per or other prepositionsaccording to
The
the
other
are
cases
meaning).
substantivoj
La
formado
de
du:
kaj
el la nominativo
finigo n.
Lia
The
adjectiveends
in
the
substantive.
la
la
la fin-
nominativo
ricevata
de
aldono
aldonas
oni
nur
Per
finigon 0.
la multenombro
i|on /. Kazoj ekzistas
akuzativo; la lasta estas
la
la
havas
ceteraj
kazoj estas esprimataj per helpo de prepozicioj
(la genitive per de, la dativo per a/, la ablativo
per per au aliajprepozicioj lau la senco).
per
Ill
The
Adjective.
numbers
and
as
"
with
is made
by
superlativeby plej;with
the
Cases
The
of the word
means
a.
parative
com-
pli,the
comparative the
junction
con-
ol is used.
La
adjektivo fini|asper
broj kiel 6e
estas
farata
la
per
substantive.
la vorto
p/ej)Se la komparativo
Kazoj kaj
a.
La
nom-
komparativo
p/i, la superlative
eni
uzas
la
per
konjunkcion
ol.
IV
The
Numerals.
"
**In English grammar,
^These
cases
do
not
The
cardinal
possessive.
exist in
English.
numerals
(they
The
14
declined) are:
not
are
ses,
Esperanto Book
American
du, tri, kvar, kvin,
Unu,
hundreds
formed
are
numerals.
For
numerals,
the
add
we
the
"
the word
po.
La
aciataj)estas
fiindam^ntaj (ne
verbial
ad-
deklin-
estas
du, tri,kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok,
unu,
La
naU^ dek, cent, mil.
and
"
be used.
can
numeraloj
"
distributives
that, substantival
Besides
numerals
fractionals
for the
for the collectives,-op; for the
-on;
and
tens
by the simple joiningof the
significationof the ordinal
ending of the adjective; for
multiples the suffix -obi;
the
The
ok, naii,dek, cent, mil.
sep,
dekoj kaj centoj
for-
estas
simpla kunigo de la numeraloj. Por la
la
ordaj oni aldonas
signado de la numeraloj
la
finigon de la adjektivo; por la multoblaj
mataj
per
"
sufikson
kolektaj
"
nombronaj
la disdividaj
-op, por
esti
tio povas
Krom
la
-obi, por
"
-on,
"
la
vorton
uzataj numeraloj
la
por
po,
substan-
tivaj kaj adverbaj.
V
The
Pronouns.
"
Personal
mi, vi,
pronouns:
to thing or animal), si, ni, vi,
li, "i, gi (referring
formed
are
ili,oni; the possessive pronouns
by the
is as
addition of the adjectiveending. Declension
with the substantives.
Pronomoj
jekto
au
posedaj
personaj: mi, vi, li,//,ii (priob-
besto), si^ ni, vi, ili^oni;
estas
formataj
per
la aldono
la
pronomoj
de la
finigo
The
American
deklinacio
La
adjektiva.
Esperanto Book
kiel
estas
1^
Ce
la sub-
stantivoj.
VI
The
or
Verb.
number.
takes
The
"
verb is not
of the verb:
Forms
ending
the
an
-u;
the
-as; the past tense,
tense, -os; the conditional
mode,
changed in
the infinitive
mode,
tense
present
-is; the future
imperative
the
mode, -i. Participles(with
sense): active present,
adverbial
adjectivalor
-us;
person
-ant; active past, -int; active future, -ont; passive
present, -at; passive past, -it
All forms
of the
passive
are
;
passive future,
formed
by
the
-ot.
help of
corresponding form of the verb esti and a passive
participleof the required verb; the prepositionwith
a
the
passive is de.
La
verbo
nombroj.
de
Formoj
akceptas la finigon
estonta
tempo
modo
ordona
poj (kun
estanta
pasiva
'ont;
pasiva
estas
de
nata
-as
'U\
la
estinta
formataj
esti
-ot.
per
estinta
sendifina
au
de
la
;
Partici-
/;
-int ; aktiva
Ciuj formoj
-is\la
-us
adverba):
-at; pasiva
helpo
estanta
kondiCa
mode
la modo
estanta,
estonta,
la verbo
la tempo
-as\
;
\ aktiva
la tempo
la verbo:
adjektiva
senco
-ant
Sangata lau personoj nek
estas
ne
aktiva
estonta
estinta, -//;
de
la pasiva
responda
forme
kaj participo pasiva de la bezo-
verbo; la prepozicio 6e la pasivo
estas
de.
Esj"erani0 Book
Thf American
i^
VII
The
Adverb.
comparison
as
Adverbs
"
with
in
of
degrees
e;
adjective.
the
adverboj finigas
La
end
per
e
;
gradoj de
kom-
parado kiel 6e la adjektivoj.
VIII
Nominative
Prepositions.
with
All
"
tions
preposi-
require the nominative.
Ciujprepozicioj postulas
la nominativon.
IX
Pronunciation.
word
Every
"
is read
as
it is
written.
Ciu
vorto
estas
legata, kiel gi estas
skribita.
X
Accent.
"
(next to
La
akcento
The
is
always
last)syllable.
accent
the
estas
6iam
the
on
sur
la
mate
penulti-
antaiilasta
silabo.
XI
Compound
Words.
"
Compound
words
are
(the princisimple joining of words
pal
word
stands at the end); the grammatical endings
also regarded as independent words.
are
formed
by
the
Vortoj kunmetitaj
estas
kiinigo de la vortoj (la 6efa
formataj
vorto
per
staras
simpla
en
la
1
The
8
American
Book
Esperanto
XV
Words.
Foreign
that
is, those
have
taken
which
from
from
only
the
fundamental
it is better
from
this
latter
according
to
and
word,
the
to
in
but
language;
root
one
languages
the
receiving
change,
this
of
orthography
the
used
are
source,
without
language
words
one
of
majority
a
foreign words,
so-called
The
"
anto
Esper-
various
with
unchanged
use
form
to
the
of the
rules
the
only
rest
anto
Esper-
language.
tiel
La
kiujn
la
fonto,
nomataj
uzataj
ricevante
sed
lingvo;
damentan
laii la
en
lingvo
la
ortografion
de
vortoj
lingvo
tiuj
e.,
el
unu
Esperanto
de
la
el
formi
ceterajn
la
nur
t.
prenis
la
sen"ange
uzi
fremdaj,
lingvoj
diversaj
kaj la
reguloj
la
nur
6e
pli bone
estas
de
plimulto
estas
"ango,
vortoj
sen
de
tiu
radiko
unu
fun-
vorton
tiu
t\
t\
lasta
Esperanto.
XVI
Elision.
and
the
The
"
article
final
can
be
vowel
omitted
of
the
and
substantive
replaced by
an
apostrophe.
La
artikolo
de
fina
vokalo
povas
apostrofo.
esti
de
la
substantive
forlasata
kaj de
kaj anstatauigata
la
American
The
Book
Esperanto
ARTICLE
THE
indefinite
article, such as
Esperanto, this being implied in the
a
dog',arbo, a tree.
No
definite
The
article
la arbo, the tree.
English, with
For
is
Its
some
medicino
La
Tiel
Instead
used
the
the
same
dog-,
in
as
exceptions.
in its generic
important
a
employed:
La
word
The
homo
nego^^j
of possessive
hundo,
noun:
Man
sentence,
sklavo.
estas
sziQnQO=Medicine
kiel la
in
is used
a^
hundo,
is much
use
translate
estas
blanka
use
we
the article is
slave, we
a
is la: la
very
example, when
sense,
19
is a science,
white
snow.
as
the article i s
pronouns
referringto a relative of the speaker or
of a third person
when
addressed, or even
person
the identityis unmistakable.
La
(or
patro=JO
your) father, [See Exercises 8 and 9]
when
.
Before
hour,
La
adds:
a
je la deka
denote
\i.ovo=-Come
day,
at
ten.
de \2inM2SO=^The firstof January,
unua
of
Venu
etc.:
The
a
adjectives which
numeral
apostrophe
the
article.
may
In
**but only after
vowel."
poetry, when
be
Exercise
substituted
27
Dr.
for the
Zamenhof
prepositionwhich ends in
This
permission is useful chiefly in
to eliminate a syllable.
necessary
a
The
20
American
SUBSTANTIVE
THE
A
Book
Esperanto
(noun)
substantive
is
expressing the.
house\ birdo, a bird\
act.
an
wealthy ago,
word
a
anything: domo, a
a
thought\ riSeco,
penso,
When
is the final o.
The sign of the substantive
the
add
than
one
thing is spoken of, we
more
pluralsign,j: katoj,cats\ knaboj, boys\ arboj, trees.
of
name
The
the
IS
of
form
nominative
is
substantive
the
regular form, either singular or plural. This
used in all relations except three, hereafter
plained.
ex-
is indicated
Possession
preceding
the substantive:
boy's book
The
The
that
form
stands
as
directed
against
la hundon
=
The
of
is used
object of
implies some
the substantive:
boy beat
is the object of the action
the accusative
book
the
is, a verb which
sign, n,
to
the
prepositionde
the
libro de la knabo^
La
the
(literally,
accusative
stantive
by
the
a
sul)-
the
where
transitive
action
La
dog.
boy).
or
knabo
Here,
verb;
change
batis
the
dog
implied. Hence, we add
This
hundo.
change is
tional
Esperanto because this is an internamillions of
language, to be used by many
in
necessary
people
word
who
put
the
object of
expressingthe action.
an
action
before the
The
After
Esperanto Book
American
the accusative
preposition
a
for
used, except
21
indicated
the purpose
is not
case
in the paragraph
following:
To
direction
show
place,when
form
He
toward
to
or
XIV
we
iris Bostonon==^
Li
ing
Preposition. Accordomit the preposition and
"
may
the accusative
substitute
a
Boston,
Without
Accusative
to Rule
is used:
given
indicates this,
toward
word
accompanying
no
the accusative
went
motion
or
form.
This
is
frequently
etc., but there
expressing date, measure,
=
is no set rule demanding
it: Li venos
lundon
Li
He will come
Mo7iday,
venos
je lundo=Zr"f
Each
will come
of these forms is correct.
on
Monday,
in
done
laboris
Mi
Mi
laboris
It
hours.
Esperanto
Esperanto
Order
ok
horojn==/ worked eight hours.
dum
ok horoj=/
worked
during eight
will be noted
that in either English dt
the preposition may
be omitted; bift in
the omission is indicated by a signal.
of
The
sign of the plural precedes
that of the accusative case:
librojn,homojn.
Elision.
Signs.
"
(Rule 16)
"
The
and
final
the
0
of the
noun
may
be
ted
omit-
apostrophe (') substituted,
but this is usually confined
to
Esperanto poetry are inclined
liberty with oj and ojn where
meaning is to be feared.
Writers
verse.
to
no
take
the
confusion
of
similar
as
to
American
The
22
forms
such
because
language
in these
confessing the need
not
So
cases.
omission,
an
preposition is left out, this
Esperanto
no
to indicate
here
used
The
Nov-Jorko.
Urbo
Kanado,
is not
accusative
City of New
of Canada,
Dominion
as
Regno
York:
preposition, usually,translating
the
omit
We
Book
Esperanto
the
of
a
A
few
preposition
English prepositionis wiped
of existence.
out
for
Adjective
by
confused
are
Possessive.
the
with
possessive case
and
however,
are,
students
adjectiveform
the
the pronoun
There
substantive.
of
use
"
for
with
not
the
in which
cases
English possessiveis translated by an Esperanto
adjective,and these require careful observation:
an
dormo=(9^^
Unuhora
hour''s
firsthour''s
%;ds6iO'=^The
however,
show,
that
Close
watch.
these
Unuahora
sleep,
scrutiny will
be
cannot
called
an
exception to the Esperanto rule, as they are hardly
possessives in English, and not at all in Esperanto.
as
of
superiority of Esperanto
a
means
precise expression is illustrated in the following
The
sentences
{more
son
filinon
than
Mia
frato
filon=J/j^ brother
mian
my
:
my
than
son
loves my
he loves my
pli ol mia
filo=/
nominative,
can
be
son). Mi
In
must
object of the implied verb.
filinon
daughter
love
(gloves
her).
filon,being accusative,
mian
amas
connected
mian
amas
more
first sentence,
be understood
In the
than
more
daughter
my
the
pli ol
as
the
latter,filo,being
with
the
sentence
The
only
we
in
sense
as
the
American
the
supply
must
Esperanto
beyond
of
subject
the
doubt.
Book
Esperanto
phrase
case
verb.
implied
the
to
of
the
23
express
noun
In
the
expresses
English
meaning;
the
The
24
THE
ADJECTIVE
adjective is
An
Esperanto Book
American
a
used
word
to
some
express
quality, attribute or limitation of a substantive:
blanka
domo, a white house\ larga strato, a wide
Blanka, larga and
street',alta viro, a tall man,
alta are adjectives,each
quality
expressing some
The adjectivesign is final a.
of the substantive.
Adjectives
root,
be
may
formed
from
attribute to the substantive
and
almost
any
the idea
pressed
ex-
ligno, wood, ligna, wooden\
danki, to thank, danka, thankful. Adjectives may
also from prepositions,
be formed
adverbs, etc.; in
by
fact the
any
the
root:
adjectiveending
word
:
in, ena,
en,
may
be
applied to almost
inner*,tro, too, troa,
exces-
sive\tie,there,tiea, of that place.
adjectiveagrees with
it belongs: Ruga pomo=
the substantive
to which
A red apple, Rugaj ^OTiXo\^=^Red
apples, Li "atas
rufajn pomojn=Zr"? likes red apples,
and
In number
the
case
predicative adjective, that is,one preceded
form of esti (if not in the word, then at
by some
least in the thought), is always nominative, even
A
though it may
Mi
trovis
mian
But
to
amikon
Here,
sick friend.
amikon.
refer
if we
accusative
an
malsanan=/
malsanan
say
substantive.
Mi
found
7ny
belongs directly to
trovis
mian
amikon
American
The
26
Book
Esperanto
PRONOUNS.
A
or
is
pronoun
Its
substantive.
used
word
a
use
lends
to
represent
grace
and
a
noun
to
facility
avoiding repetitionsof the real name
which it stands.
Many of the cruder languages
An
Indian, for example,
not possess
pronouns.
speech, by
for
do
his
uses
with
pronouns,
listed under
use
of the pronoun
especiallywell equipped with
is
Relative
instead
name
own
the
head
several
of Correlative
different from
is somewhat
other
peranto
Es-
/.
pronouns.
kinds,
Words,
as
are
their
that of the personal
pronouns.
are
:
mi, // vi,you
personal pronouns
(singularor plural);li,he; "i, she; gi, //; ni, we ;
referring only to
ili,they\ si, a reflexive pronoun
The
subject of propositionand always in the third person,
himself^ herself^ itself^themselves ;
meaning
oni,
always
The
by
the
my,
mine
nia,
or
one
our,
they
:
oni
diras, they say,
Oni
is
nominative.
possessive
addition
;
of
via, your,
ours
;
hers, their, etc,
of pronouns
case
the
yours
is formed
adjective sign, a:
mia,
; lia, his ; "ia, her, hers;
ilia, their,
theirs \
sia, one^s,his,
Ainerican
The
The
in
form,
It
agrees
it
the
possessive
is
by
number
and
Using
qualifies.
shows
however,
the
obviously
though
plural
{,fnybooks)
sign
belongs
to
correct
mian
father
renkontis
met
my
in
his
mian
father
12].
It
only
in
the
libro,
singular
than
more
form,
one
miaj
in
noun
libroj
in
pronoun
son;
per-
the
when
the
ral
pluThe
sense.
word
the
that
requires
is
it
which
kaj
(my
his
is
lian
the
subject
of
used.
(John's)
study
third
the
son
per-
clause
Johano
ren-
amikon=/^"^"
father's)
kaj
careful
in
always
the
to
patron
and
ilia
indication
an
patron
and
plural;
singular
pronoun
refer
be
booky
noun.
use.
can
their
only
personal
which
noun
words,
Conversely,
merely
plural
a
proposition
kontis
my
is
to
form
certainly
reflexive
and
or
the
shows
plural
its
in
plural
though
form,
for
pronoun
iliaj libroj.
"
The
to
referring
it becomes
is
English
adjective.
the
the
friend.
sian
friend,
J
adjective
an
of
with
case
is understood
pronoun
rules
the
the
2
being
pronoun,
governed
in
Book
Esperanto
met
Johano
amikon=/M;/
[See
cise
Exer-
Esperanto Book
American
The
28
THE
is
verb
A
they
as
or
more;
/ am,
does
used
or
of the
of
vary
one
In
say:
For
ingly
accord-
person
or
who
example,
the
Esperanto
mi
or
person
speaker, the
he is.
change thus; we
not
often
action
the
action
express
third person.
a
are,
you
to
words
these
express
action
the
is addressed,
say
word
a
English
In
being.
VERB
we
verb
estas, vi estas,
li estas.
verbs
All
regular, In English, several
verbs
have
special forms for expressing
completed action, so that to use the wrong
hundred
past
or
are
would
form
give rise
; for
example,
foghte, fitten.
exactly the
forms
in
"
The
various
various
as
now
place.
as
indicative
uses
mode
a
distinguished from
interrogatory, etc.
verbs
Esperanto
the entire
use
list of these
is called the
tion.
conjuga-
MODE
expresses
taking place, which
It involves
surditi
ab-
write, wrote, written*,
fight,
INDICATIVE
The
seemingly humorous
forms, and
same
their
to
has,
or
action
which
or
being
will take
simple, definite statement,
the indefinite, conditional,
The
American
voice
active
Mi
skribas=/
Yi
ludis
Li
laboros=^"?
Mi
You
=
write,
as
ing
be-
future):
or
writing,
am
p/ayedf were
playing,
working.
be
will work,
skribanta=/
estas
action
the
represents
(present,past
performed
29
VOICE
ACTIVE
The
Book
Esperanto
ing
writing (emphasiz-
am
present continuityof act.)
Vi
estis
ludanta=
Li
estos
laboranta=^"?
You
Mi
estas
Vi
estis
ludinta=K?"
Li
estos
laborinta=Zr"?
playing,
were
will be
skribinta=/
ing,
written, been writ-
have
had
working.
played, been playing,
will have
worked, have
been working.
Mi
skribonta=/
estas
to
am
write,
about
am
to write,
Vi
estis
ludonta=K?"
Li
estos
laboronta=Zr"?
being
passive
to
will be about
PASSIVE
The
about
were
play,
work,
to
VOICE
describes
voice
the
action
received:
Mi
estas
amata=/
Vi
estis
trompata==F^"
am
loved.
were
deceived,
being deceived,
Li
as
estos
forlasata=Zr"f
will be forsaken.
^
Mi
estas
Vi
estis
2imit2i=^I
have
tronipita=K?^^
been
had
loved,
been deceived.
were
The
30
Li
forlasita=Zr"?
estos
Mi
amota=/
estas
Book
Esperanto
American
been forsaken.
will have
(or,about
to he
am
be)
to
loved,
Vi
estis
K?^
trompota=
about
were
be
to
deceived,
L"i estos
The
at
takes
Tense.
Present
time
the
skribas=yi?"^;2
generally, is
a
emphasize
duration
and
to
the
an
of
act
present
a
act
tense
shakes
he writes
however,
is of present
the
participle
skribanta.
is now,
is also
occurring
my
use
is
This
the
at
time
of
writing.
descriptiveaccount
example, /
him, ^'GoT
action
estas
John
that
only
describe
which
Johano
John
necessary,
the
fact that
that
mean
still incomplete, we
speaking, in
The
also
Johano
that
means
copyist. When
the
and
mean
This
the verb
tense.
present
it may
estas, thus:
can
the
writes.
writing, but
now
to
of
writing,
or
saken.
for-
is in progress
action
an
speaking
of
ending
the
If
"
to be
be about
will
forlasota=Zr"?
used
at
a
in
time
is being
fist in his face
Esperanto
past, but of
given.
and
I
For
says
to
vividly expressive,but ungrammatMi
minacas
lian vizagon
ical.
However,
per
la mia
kaj diras al li For !'* has all the
pugno
receives from
emphasis which the English sentence
is
*'
the
use
correct.
of the present
tense,
and
is
grammatically
The
The
American
Past
Tense.
time
some
such
time, the past
a
skribis=y^/^;2
again, if
But
at
take
to
was
the
place
at
be
with
As
precise,
is necessary:
to
the
by
of the
writing.
that
he
action
at
wish
we
future
skribanta.
estos
indicated
of esti
form
if
writing, the participle
of
act
will
or
definite
some
is to
future
the
use
tenses,
perfect tenses,
some
was,
ciple
parti-
the
use
we
other
that
say
action,
called
Esperanto
Johano
of
an
time,
the
Johano
Completed
are
we
When
"
John will be in the
what
at
skribos=y"?/?;^ will write,
Johano
writing.
occurring
skribanta.
future
some
at
act
clearly
state
occurred
employed:
in
was
Tense.
Future
tense.
time
wish
estis
Johano
The
so
or
^
or
is
tense
wrote
we
past,
31
act
an
particular time, writing,
some
:
be
When
"
wholly
now
Book
Esperanto
principal verb:
Hi
in
English
by
is
expressed
in
and
a
ciple
past parti-
kantintaj
estas
=
*
They have
singing' 0"
act
of
and
at
This
singing
They had
singing (literally,*they
been
been
that
means
is complete.
kantintaj indicates
that
finished.
that
the
been
by estos,
singing.
the act of
act
to
of
were
time, the
kantintaj
estis
refers
time, already finished.
'=^They will have
indicated
Hi
Estis
singing,
at this
now,
are
a
time
singing
Hi
estos
At
the
=
past,
was,
kantintaj
future
time
singing will have
been
The
32
America7t
Esperanto
CONDITIONAL
The
that
MODE.
Conditional
is conditional
Mode
;
Book
describes
something
that
an
action
might
happen
have
happened ; something doubtful in itself,or
It is usually
contingent upon
something else.
introduced
by the conjunction,se (//). The gram-,
matical sign of the conditional
mode
is -us,
alike
or
for all tenses.
by
a
If time
is expressed, this is
participleor
verb
another
plished
accom-
used
in
connection.
Se
"i amus=7/j/^^
Se
"i estus
am
Se
"i estus
aminta==//'
should
ant
a
love,
Were
=
she
she
loving,
had
loved,
been
or
loving.
Se
be
"i estus
JVere she about
Simont3i=
to
love, or
loving.
Se
"i
estus
Were
aniata=
she
loved,or
being
loved,
Se
"i estus
amita==7/*j-//!^had
Se
"i estus
amota=
Se
Example:
Should
verb
it rain,
is
we
Were
pluvus,
shall
conditional,
go
been
she
about
ni
iros
fishing.
the
second
loved,
to be loved.
fi"kapti==
Here, the first
indicative.
Se
pluvinte, ni irus fi"kapti=7/'// had rained,
would go fishing.
tional.
Here, both verbs are condi-
estus
we
The
student
must
not
permit himself
to
The
34
A77ierican
IMPERATIVE
The
In
is
directly,
tien
6i
expressing
by
ke
or
%\
gin
ask
father
desires
Mia
Li
insistas
be
punished.
he
vi
estu
Haltu!
apple!
an
Li
here!
is
"i
she
preceded
usually
ricevu
pardonon,
receive
deziras
a
ke
li
pardo7i,
let
venu=JO
come.
be
may
ke
that
patro
that
Participles
ke
it
requests
words:
Take
=
it
Por
order
petu=/:?2
making
come
purpose
ke:
por
it.
him
command,
-u.
connecting
i^OTCion\
\=Let
In
is
sign
and
without
Prenu
/
Its
indicates
commands
giving
=IIalt
her
mode
etc.
purpose,
used
venu
MODE
imperative
desire,
Book
Espera^ito
used
with
punata==i7^
the
imperative
insists
that
:
you
The
A7nerican
INFINITIVE
The
infinitive
signifying
conditional
a
and
suggestion
of
Ami^To
amante=7d?
Esti
amite^Tl?
Esti
amonte
err
is
Note
infinitive
has
tense,
no
with
As
etc.
it
modes,
when
be
have
the
receive
may
by
accompanied
a
ticiple.
par-
which
:
human-,
that
take
to
the
the
of
estas
forgive,
expressed
itself
home
love,
to
is
be
;
the
pardoni,
by
subject
the
of
a
6\^=To
divine.
and
adjectives
adverbial
loved.
about
sense
may
Erari
loving".
been
7'(? be
=
substantival
infinitive,
sentence
love,
to
imperative
tense
-i,
love.
Esti
A
sign
be,
to
35
MODE
mode,
simply
Book
Esperanto
form.
participles
modifying
the
American
The
36
Book
Esperanto
INTERROGATION
by
accompanied
(see
kio,
kiom,
the
same
Kie
li
ni
Any
These
estas
changed
meaning
whether:
nin
?
amas
?=
to
a
Cu
are
will
you
words
kiel,
in
kies,
precisely
equivalents,
return?
by
by
one
of
the
word
?=lVill
venos
love
he
we?
question
vi
are
etc.
introduced
not
kie,
English
^/^^;^
=
and
There
used
are
how,
^F/^^-r^
l^^Do
kiam,
their
where,
used,
interrogatory
words
as
revenos
sentence
be
vi
when,
kial,
is
word.
nine
kia,
manner
Kiam
may
k:
kiu.
why,
what,
Cu
Words)
with
mode
interrogatory
an
Correlative
beginning
indicative
the
questions,
In
us
?
you
these
6u,
come?
Afjiericaii Esperanto
The
THE
A
and
does
of three
are
Adjectival
in action
with
a
the verb.
"
of
ran
The
quality of
being
singing bird\ and,
birdo
estas
a
muson,
fact of the action,
it with
other
some
directly governing
"i forkuris
=
6*^;^^^
away.
"
Expressing
in the active form, the
parolanto,
spoken
the
connecting
Vidante
Substantival
person
directly-
not
itself : La
without
always
she
:
act
Expressing
way
substantive:
passive
verb
a
bird is singing.
Adverbial
usually by
the
birdo=-^
helping verb, the
mousey
from
anto
Participlesin Esper-
Expressing
Kantanta
:
act, and
derived
word
classes:
"
kantanta=272^
a
a
implying action, though
statingit,as
2i7
PARTICIPLE
participle is
root,
Book
act
the
and
the
act
the
speaker
\
and
agent
recipient in the
parolato,
the
to.
more
participle plays a much
important
part in Esperanto than in English, and the student
It may
have the endmust
give it careful study.
33
The
ing of
signs
the
American
Book
Esperanto
adjective, adverb
Its
substantive.
or
are:
-ant-, Present
-int-.Past
active,
active,
-ont-. Future
active.
-at-. Present
passive,
-it-.Past passive.
-ot-. Future passive.
An
adjectival participle
and
substantive,
ing
or
in English
as
When
water.
accusative
and
number
We
vidis
Ni
used
preceded by
as
form
a
participle agrees
but
is
The
a
plural
same
brulantajn
case
domojn=
with
houses
houses.
Here,
and
hence
But
if
saw
the houses
we
say
the
noun
La
burning,
this
the houses
or
to
saw,
number,
brul-
estas
see
vidas
la
the burning
a
domojn
means
(first
proposition)and
discovered,
We
implied,
or
to
when
directlyqualifying
because
of domojn.
is accusative
la
is,
Ni
burning,
are
vidis
as
domoj
brulantajn is
Ni
that
esti, expressed
brulantajn is translated
n
saw
the
predicate,
accusative*:
never
==
domoj
We
qualifying
it takes
la
a
of
the
houses
q^mo'=FIoW'
Fluanta
used, and
so
substantive,
:
When
word
:
the
the burning houses.
saw
antaj
usually placed before
is
such
as
be directlyqualifying,
may
that
brulantaj=
^^
that
the
also
they
be^ (or,that they
we
saw
(second proposition)
were
burning
:
were) burning.
The
of tense
Mono
:
(that
havata
has)
which
pli bona
estas
Adverbial
employed in
I ate
la
sur
strato,
Here,
adverbial
which
trovinte
ending because
they
can
to
ca7ne
and
Lii
is
directlybelong.
Fluanta
correct, because
(^ loving husband)
because
Here,
quality, and
the
akyo
action
is
would
not
venis
apple,
falis=
al mi
take
the
substantive
no
to
'
be
not
is used, action should
understood.
mi
promenante
simple adjectivesand adverbs.
form
an
quite unexpectedly.
me
there
Participles should
row
spar-
caught.
gin T[i^n%\s=B'avi7tgfound
atendite^=Zr"?
ne
A
=
They are usually
following : Trovinte
Walking aloftgthe street, I fell.
tute
Pasero
regular adverb
the
have
like the
Promenante
it.
importa7it
more
to be
eagle
an
ol
grava
possessed.
is invariable.
sentences
mi
pomon,
been
participles
which
e,
pli
estas
is
tion
sugges-
a
ol agio kaptota
caught is better than
ending,
the nominative
convey
possessed (now)
havita=J/^;20'
kaptita
omitted,
are
by
participles also
Esperanto
than
39
participle.
of the
form
ili estas
is clearly shown
meaning
the
ke
although esti and
Here,
Book
Esperanto
American
used
When
in lieu
the
of
pial
partici-
always be distinctly
(^runningwater)
implied ;
amanta
is
edzo
ordinarilybe incorrect,
action,
simple adjective, ama
is
expressed.
(^affectionate)
The
40
be
would
{^He
the
American
word.
proper
charmingly)
sings
Book
Esperanto
kantas
Li
Carme
Carmante.
not
^
of
sign
the
form,
(a
person
participle
passive
and
substantive,
the
form
implies
indicate
the
o
active
the
performing
invariably
they
regular
in
indicate,
thing
or
the
have
participles
Substantival
action
the
action).
In
the
recipient
of
the
action:
Anianto=^
lover
Aminto=^
Amonto=
Amato==^
Amito=^
PiMiO\.o^=^One
lover
One
who
will
beloved
about
who
one
"
beloved
who
one
"
is
did
loving.
now
love.
love,
person,
"
who
one
to
be
loved.
has
been
loved.
The
42
American
Almenau,
At
least,
Ankaii, Also,
Yet,
Ankorau,
Apenau,
Baldau,
Ci,
StilL
Hardly,
Scarcely,
Soon,
Once
Bis,
Esperanto
The
more,
nearest,
Cial, For
every
reason,
Ciam, Always
Cie, Every Where
Ciel,
In
Every
Way,
Ciom, All, All
Cu, Whether,
Des
pli,
E6,
Even
of it,
More,
The
For, Away,
Hierau,
Yesterday,
Hodiau,
lal, For
Today,
Some
lam,
le,
Some
So7?ie
lel,
Cause,
Time, Any
Where, Any
Some
In
Manner,
lom, Some Quantity,
Ja, Indeed.
Jam,
Already
Jen, Here, Behold.
Jes,
Yes,
Ju pli,
The
Jus, Just
Kial,
Now
Why,
More,
Time,
Where,
Book
The
American
Kie,
Where,
Kiel,
How,
Kiom,
How
Kvazau,
Esperanto
As,
Much,
As
Morgau,
if.
Tofnorrow,
Not.
Ne,
Nek,
Neither, Nor.
Nenial,
For
No
Cause.
Never.
Neniam,
No
Nenie,
Where.
In
Neniel,
No
Manner.
None,
Neniom,
Nun,
Now.
Nur,
Only,
Plej, Most.
Pli, More.
Further,
Plu,
Preskau,
Nearly,
Tial,
that
For
Tiam,
Tie,
Tie
Tiel,
Tiom,
Then.
There,
ei, Here,
In
that
Manner
So.
y
So
Tre,
Very.
Tro,
Too,
Tuj,
Cause.
Much.
Immediately,
Book
43
The
44
Esperanto
American.
ADVERBS
DERIVED
Any
be
given an
primary word
may
of the adverb
meaning by the addition
A
logically be done.
provided this can
root
adverbial
ending,
few
e,
such
Book
or
words
Afrankite,
Aliloke,
are
given in
the
following list
Postage paid,
Elsewhere,
In
Alivorte,
Alvenante,
other
Upon
7vords,
arrival,
Antaue,
Previously,
Aparte,
Separately,specially,
Bonstate,
In good condition,
Cirkaue, Around,
Ciufoje,Every time,
Ciujare,Yearly,
Ciumonate, Monthly,
Ciusemajne, Weekly,
Ciutage,Daily,
Dekstre,
On
the
right,
Efektive, Actually,
Ekstere,
Escepte,
Outwardly,
Excepting,
Gustatempe,
Promptly,
Intence, Intentionally.
Jene,
As
at
the
right time,
follows,
Jese, Affirmatively,
Ka"e,
Secretly,
Kompate,
Mercifully, Sympathetically,
Kompreneble,
Of
course.
:
The
Laiilarge,
Esperanto Book
American
As
to width.
Laiilonge, Lengthwise,
Lauvole, At will,
Laiite, Loudly,
Lerte, Skillfully,
Male, On the contrary.
Malfacile, With difficulty,
Maldekstre, On the left,
Malka"e, Openly, without concealment.
Malmulte,
Not
Malproksime,
Malpleje,
Malrekte,
much,
Ln
the
distance,afar.
Least,
Lndirectly^slantingly,
Malsupre, Below,
Matene, In the morning.
Multe, Much,
Nelonge,
Not
long.
Nedube, Doubtlessly.
Nune, At present,
Nowadays.
Nuntempe,
Pace, Peacefully,
Parole, Verbally,
Pere, By indirect means*
Persone,
Personally.
Piedire, On foot.
Pleje, Mostly.
Plezure, With pleasure.
Plivole, Preferably,
Plue, Furthermore,
Poste, Afterwards,
45
The
46
American
Precipe,
Especially,
Proksime,
Near,
Proksimume,
Approximately^
Rapidire,
Ree,
Esperanto
fast
By
?neans,
express,
Again.
Rekte,
Directly,
Sajne,
Seemingly,
Sekve,
Coiisequently.
Senintermanke,
Senpage,
Uninterruptedly,
without
Free^
Without
Sensehce,
Skribe,
In
Speciale,
sense,
smnmer,
Specially,
SufiCe,
Sufficiently,
Supre,
Above,
Tiamaniere,
Troe,
pay,
writing,
In
Somere,
Treege,
exception,
Without
Senescepte,
In
such
a
manner.
Extremely.
Excessively,
Tute,
Totally,
Vole
entirely^
Voluntarily.
,
Volonte,
Willingly.
quite.
Book
The
used
Prepositions are
other words, or
la
47
PREPOSITION
THE
antau
Book
Esperanto
American
phrases
fajro=7y/^ dog
define
to
La
:
lies before
tween
be-
relations
ku"as
hundo
the
fire, Resti
el ciuj
la plej bone
escepto,
apud vi estas, sen
is, without
exception,
you
plezuroj^^T"^ stay near
the best of (from among) all pleasures.
of
a
the
where
made
to
in such
omission
not
We
sition
prepo-
clearly show
which
substantive
use
the
Je has
a
also
can
preposition except
which
meaning,
is
general,
used
idea
that
ridiculous
their literal translation
to
a
that
prepositions,per,
Jle
talked
the river, and
firjn over
eggs
/
had
been
meaning
left
by
for
over.
means
than
more
the
over
sold
So
arise from
would
errors
fixed and
learned.
be
should
English prepositions are
of
the
the
cases
of
preposition,je.
constant
cases
the
does
sense
accusative.
Every
one
and
use,
undefined
many
permits
XIV
Rule
case,
is used.
direction, the accusative
show
to
nominative
in the
preposition is always
unless,
one
(accompanying substantive)
complement
The
over
eighteen
Here,
of and
phone,
tele-
two'
trans,
The
48
be
beyond^ would
would
meaning
and
used, in the
does
point
no
meaning
super,
other
two
which
words
require
at
consideration
Esperanto Book
American
the
above,
show
following examples
of the prepositions :
ordinary uses
AL"
iros
Mi
into
enter
havas
of the
most
r(9, TOWARD
al Bostono^iTi?
will go
la brakon=/
al mi
rompis
Li
sition,
prepo-
!
The
Li
sitions,
prepo-
Esperanto
or
over
not
are
the
cases
al la
amon
Boston,
to
broke my
pSitro=JIe
has
arm.
love
for
his father.
al mi
Donu
Ordonu
(thathe)
al li ke
the book,
(to)
li venu=6^r^"fr
him
to
al
tiu
kvin
sumo
dolarojn=^^^
to
five dollars,
sum
ANSTATAtj"UVSTEAD
of advice, I
Anstataii
mi
konsilo,
Anstataii
stead
me
come,
Aldonu
that
6^/27^ (to)
la libron=
want
plori,
stead of weeping
a
la
OB
deziras
prunton=/;z-
loan,
vidvino
(to weep), the
devas
widow
%o\\.^=In-
should
rejoice,
AI^TAJJ"BEBOBE
Arbo
staras
front of
Iru
antau
la domo=^
the house,
antaii
vi\\=^Go
before
me.
tree
stands
in
The
so
American
tlRKAt"
Soldatoj
standing-around
La
price
is about
Mi
leather
kvindek
la sepa
ledan
horo==/
belt around
OF
used
only
number
Funto
da
teo
Multe
da
^^nso\'='Many
"
A
avoid
pound of
the
(of) thoughts,
to da
and
i?ien,
wood.
care
de.
(97^, BY,
preposition is
and
to
connect
It
complement.
beginning,
La
of
to
necessary
Compare
fully
care-
examples.
DE"
La
measure.
beginner will find great
as
ing
denot-
tea,
ligno=-^ piece of
confusion
This
after words
or
Miloj da \\ovcio\=Thousands
The
come
his waist,
quantity, weight,
da
shall
Cirkaii la talio=^"^'
zonon
preposition is
Peco
cendoj=Z^^
cents.
DA"
This
are
hour,
siirmetis
a
cirkaii
Sirkaii
the seventh
Li
put
fifty
venos
about
la diOmo=Soldiers
the house.
estas
prezo
AROUND
6irkau
staras
Book
Esperanto
etc.
libro
filino
daugJiter is
used
the
also
as
FROM
the
sign
of
sion,
posses-
passive participlewith
indicates
its
origin, place
of
:
de
Johano=y^//;^V
estas
loved
amata
by her father.
de
book.
sia
patro
=
77'^
The
Tio
his
lia
51
cause,
a
respondo=77^(^/ depends
reply,
loko
De
such
de
dependas
Book
Esperanto
tia kauzo=^r^/;/
De
upon
American
al \dko=^From
de
foriros
Mi
place to place.
tie
t\=I
from
shall "-0 away
here,
logas malproksime
Li
from
de
tie ti=Ife
tie
ci==Ife
lives far
here,
Li
de
logas proksime
ilia
De
near
(from) their first
renkonto=^/;/r^
unua
lives
meeting,
De
have
tri
not
Li
tagoj mi
mangas=A?r
ne
eaten,
de
mortis
-DUlii"
Dum
la
Dum
li
nuna
malsato=^"?
died
\2SO^=Duri7ig
parolas=
While
is
he
la diOVSXO'^ Outside
Ekster
Out
tiuj ci ^2i\xzo\^=^
OF,
el
Plej
bona
Unu
el ni devas
Elcizita
iros
this year,
talki^ig,
(9 ^r^*//^^
Ekster
^-Ls"OUT
of hunger,
WHILE.
DURING,
EKSTER"
Li
days I
three
the house.
side these
AMONG
FROM
6iuj=^^j"/ of
iri=6^;^^
all,
of
us
ought
el marmoro^Cy^/i-^/^^/r^;;/
el la urbo=Zr"?
causes,
will
go
out
to go.
marble.
of
the
city.
The
52
Musd
under
American
venis
Esperaiito Book
el sub
la lito=^
This
word
meaning
Hi
is also
implied
is
accusative
/A^
translated
be
it must
this
When
into.
followed
by
the
of direction.
iras
pregejon^Tyzo'
la
en
going into
are
church.
Hi
estas
En
la
en
Nokto
dudek-kvar
hours
De
a
in
summer.
occasion.
\.2igo=^Thereare
en
day,
AS
UNTIL,
veni
povas
an
horoj
in
QIS"
.far
such
in the church,
J^^O' are
night
tia okazo=6^;z
twenty-four
Vi
pretejo=
somero=-^
en
Estas
as
fr on*
came
the bed,
EN"
the
mouse
gis
la
AS
FAR
pordego=F"?2^
may
come
the gate.
as
gis yL'd\o=From
Marto
Atendu
gis
INTER"
Inter
la du
other
2Si\V"o\=Between
kaj
May.
AMONG
jBFTJVFFJV,
aliaj Sifero}=Among
Marto
until
IVait until tomorrow,
morga.u=
Inter
Inter
March
matters.
the two
Mdi]o=Between
friends.
March
and
May.
La
amikoj malkonsentis
disagreed
among
themselves.
inter
%v==-The
friends
The
American
Book
Esperanto
53
JE
This
preposition has
used
only
when
some
other
word
ridas
Li
Je la
the
sense
eraro=Zr^
okazo=^/
laughs
at
error,
my
the firstopportunity
"
la hundon
ekkaptis
Li
meaning, and is
does not clearly require
:
je mia
unua
fixed
no
je la ^OT^o=Ile
caught
the dog by the throat.
Je
de
la kyara
Altaje ses
Je la unua
TCi2iVto='On
the fourth 0/ March,
{MtO]==Six feet high,
sia w\vo==For
fojo en
the first time
in his life,
KONTRAIJ"OFFOS/TE,
la
Kontraii
Ni
AGAINST
\io\."io'=Oppositethe
iris kontrau
la vento=
We
hoteL
went
against the
wind,
JUL
La
marched
La
mar"is
armeo
kontrau
la arbo=7'y^"f
army
against the city.
pastro
predikis kontrau
la ebrieco=71^"f
pastor preached against drunkenness,
K'ROyi=BESinES.
La
The
vento,
wind^
Krom
she had
krom
forta, estas
besides
(being)strong^
mono,
"i havis
beauty.
tre
malvarma=
is very
cold,
belecon=j^^i-/^/^i"
money
The
54
American
Book
Esperanto
KUN"lVITIf
This
that of
is
word
means
or
instrument,
in such
preposition
the relation
where
being
per
the
is
correct
cases.
edzifos kun
Li
used
never
Mario=^^
wi/l
estas
danfere^Tb
(with)
marry
Mary,
kun
Resti
with
lion is
a
Li
leono
remain
dangerous.
laboras
kun
pacienco=J7^
labors
with
patience,
laKXi"
ACCORDING
Laii
mi
a
Lau
la
\Q^o^=According
Laii
vico==/;^
Lau
lia
TO
opinio =^^^^r^/;^^
to my
law.
to
turjty according
kutima
opinion,
to rank.
maniero=/^
his
customary
manner,
laii la
Promenante
the
along
Malgraii 6io,
TWITHSTANDING
ni
standing everything, we
atingos
la celon=iV^/ze//M-
will attain
V'".R"BY
MEANS
This
prepositionindicates the
instrument
of which
by means
and
with
translates
silentigis ilin
a
walking
river,
MAL,GRAiJ"NO
Li
While
v\v^xo^=-
look.
per
the purpose,
OF
tool
means,
an
act
with^ through, by
rigardo=Zr^
is
or
plished,
accom-
means
of,
silenced them
The
American
trandas
Oni
Esperanto
Book
X.V2cnt\\o=^One
per
55
with
cuts
a
knife,
FO"
du
Po
THE
AT
OF,
RATE
dolaroj Siutage=^/
the rate
of
two
lars
dol-
per day,
Li
tri
acetis
three books
price of";
librojn po
the rate
at
of
dolaro=^^
unu
dollar
one
(Not
bought
''at the
Por).
see
FO'Rr-FOR
bought
books for
three
Mother
venis
Li
is
there
says
por
a
dolaro=^^
unu
ke
estas
tempo
por
6io=
time for everything,
danki=Zr"?
vin
came
(for)
to
you.
Por
ke
vi
forgesu, skribu
ne
POST
used
When
^in=Zest
you
it down,
forget, write
with
=BEJIIJVZ"
reference
to
time, this word
after.
means
la Cevalino
Post
mare
por
dollar.
07ie
patrino diras
La
thank
tri librojn
acetis
Li
trots
Post
Horo
lom
Post
a
colt.
hodi3.u=A
post
post
unu
6evalido=j^^"^/W
trotas
fter today,
horo='Ilour
after hour,
iom=Zittle
by
little.
}a.ro=After
one
year.
the
The
56
American
la diOmo=B
Post
kiam
Post
devos
ehind
la
have
the house.
horlogo
the
ior\v\=^After
Book
Esperanto
la
batos
clock strikes
dekan, vi
will
ten, you
to leave.
via
Post
reveno=^^//^r
PRETER"
motion
relative
and
iris
Mi
about
with
not
time:
to
respect
of the house.
CONCERNING
pri la
lin
vojo=/
asked
him
the way,
Ne
pri %\=Do
pensu
think
not
paroladis pri Afriko=J7'"?
Li
demandis
Li
(on
her for
de
dankas
vin
you
pro
of)
account
manko
Pro
Mi
"in,
for sending
ne
povas
vivi
lectured
it,
Africa,
on
she
sendo
ploras==Zr^
asked
crying.
was
lack of time.
de
la
libro
=
WITHOUT
sen
^i=IIe
cannot
live without
her.
Dek
six.
sen
kvar
/
the book,
^'K^"
Li
"i
=i^^r
la
pro
kio
what
tempo
about
OF.
BECAUSE
V'RO"
thank
past
fenestroj de la domo=/
la
ABOUT,
demandis
Mi
or
"
preter
"PKl"
by
position
past the windoivs
went
P^^T
is translated
Preter
return,
your
faras
ses=7V"
less
four
makes
58
The
Esperanto
American
^"R^"
This
word,
Li
the
THROUGH
in
through
means
motion
implies
always
proitienis
Book
la
and
sense,
position.
relative
or
tra
strict
a
a.TbsiTO=He
walked
through
-street.
Tra
world
lainondo
there
iras
goes
a
the
call,
strong
TRANS"
vdk6=Through
forta
BEYOND
ACROSS,
m
hirundo
La
la
rivero
flew
across
(found
Trans
flugis
sin
the
trovis
aliaj
because
river,
themselves)
la
Israns
other
^Xx2Xo'=^Across
la
riveron,
hirundoj
77z^
=
the
beyond
swallows.
the
car
street.
trans
swallow
river
were
The
American
THK
words, phrases
be
may
is
and
that
merely
word
a
parts of
or
kaj 6evalo=^;^
Plu^is
:
therefore,
remained
we
more,
as
lish
estab-
also
the parts of
a
rained;
require
the
careful
.
for
necessary
and
or
correct
words
be
may
prepositions,but
trouble
himself
to
as
a
prepositions,
According to" use,
a
conjunctions,adverbs
rule the student
analyze
Following is
as
either
these
list of the
need
delicate
words
Alie, Otherwise,
At least,
Almenau,
Or.
Au
au.
Either
or.
Car, Because^ for.
Cu, Whether.
Do,
Ec
Indeed^ therefore indeed,
se,
Escepte
Even
se,
if,
Unless
(Excepting if).
not
tions.
distinc-
most
conjunctions
:
Au,
study
of the
use
only be memorized.
need
some
the
tence
sen-
at home.
do not
Conjunctions
Bovo
."
tial,ni restis hejme=//
;
other
Its function
It may
horse.
a
join
to
sentences.
nothing
and
ox
used
definite relation between
a
59
CONJUNCTION.
conjunction
A
Book
Esperanto
used
The
6o
Ja,
in
Indeed^
jen,
Jen
nek,
Thaii,
Por
ke.
again,
now
now,
In
Neither
nor.
that,
order
//.
But,
Sekve,
Tarn
Now
Nor,
Ol,
Sed,
fact,
Although,
Nek
Se,
Book
That.
Kvankam,
Nek,
Esperanto
Afid.
Kaj,
Ke,
American
Consequently,
en,
Tia
kia,
Tia
ke,
However,
nevertheless
.
Such
Such
as,
that.
6i
Interjections
THE
INTERJECTION
Interjections
exclamatory words, usually
less emphatic in meaning.
more
or
They are not
have
arranged in sentences,
no
sponsibili
grammatical reare
and
animal
closely resemble
more
cries and
part of human
exclamations
than
the
itive
prim-
any
other
fear,
They may
express
pain, warning, surprise,doubt, entreaty, command,
grief,joy, approval, contempt, etc.
Following is
of which
a list of Esperanto
are
words, some
always
speech.
others
interjections,
frequently used
Adiau!
Farewell!
Antauen
!
Bis
!
Encore
Bone!
Brave
Certe
!
Efektive
Fi!
I
!
!
I
I
Well
Bonvenu
Welcome
Bravo
!
Certainly
!
/
I
Really!
Fi!
!
For
Hal
He
Forward
as
Away
\
Hal
A/i\
!
Ho!
Ho
Hontu
Hey
0/i\
ve
Hello
I
Bo
!
Alas
!
Be
!
I
!
ashamed\
Shame
I
such
:
62
!
Hura
J
a
!
Hurrah
\
Indeed
Jen!
!
Behold
!
Nu
!
!
No
Vere
Of
!
Well
Ve!
Look\
\
Kompreneble
Ne
\
Woe\
!
Book
Esperanto
American
The
Really
I
course
I
The
American
THE
The
to
with
words
to which
meaning
of Rule
not
declined.
They
kvin, five ;
nine
dek,
\
number
kvardek, forty
The
;
;
units
placed
twelve
tri,
;
three ;
seven
they
are
kvar, four
ok, eight ;
;
hundred
mil,
\
sepcent
after
or
added
them
is
;
nau,
thousand
\
:
to
sep
by joining
of multiplication
one
first :
comes
are
formed
are
the relation
; when
smaller
when
4wo
hundreds
and
tens
numerals
the
that
says
is
million.
miliono,
The
IV, which
cent,
ten\
This
they belong.
six ; sep,
ses,
change in form
not
are:
du,
;
one
do
numerals
the
Unu,
63
NUMERALS
cardinal
agree
Book
Esperanto
dudek,
cent,
dekunu,
;
dred.
hun-
seven
and
the tens
twenty
hundreds
eleven ;
dekdu,
dekses, sixteen) kysLvdek-kvar, forty-four,
[See Exercises
12
and
14].
Adjectival ordinals
adjectiveending : unusiy
third; mil
kaj
naucent
formed
are
by adding
first; dua, second;
sepa,
nineteen
hundred
the
tria,
and
seventh.
Adverbial
the adverb
ordinals
ending
kvine, fifthly.
:
unue,
are
obtained
firstly;
by adding
due, secondly ;
64
The
Fractionals
with
of
ending
adjective,
kvinone,
Multiples
obla,
adverb
or
double
the
four
formed
are
\
adverb
or
one-third\
\x\ono^
op
abreast
by
adding
:
unuobla,
triply
numerals
suffix
by
ending
trioble,
Collective
of
on,
fifthly.
one-
adjective
meaning:
to
suffix
the
substantive,
the
according
adding
by
made
are
the
Numerals
:
\
duope,
single
kvaroble,
together
two
the
;
du-
quadruply.
by
made
are
with
obi,
addition
the
;
kvarope,
fours.
y
Substantival
the
numerals
substantive
the
hundred
ending,
rules
governing
(considered
and
thousands.
are
substantives:
all
a
unit);
adding
by
formed
These
o.
as
thousands
are
subject
cento,
miloj
kaj
miloj,
to
a
The
66
FOR
American
Book
Esperanto
signifiesaway,
iri, to
foriri, to
go\
go
away,
both
GE
taken
sexes
patro, father
together :
;
gepatroj, parents.
MAL
direct
the
opposite:
bona, bad', alta, high-, malta,
denotes
NE
nebela,
plain
contraries
use
PRA
\
RE
to
repeat
or
negative: bela, beautiful\
great
or
primordial
grandfather
great
praavo,
direct
for
"
either
;
Ioiju.
(not necessarily ugly
mal).
means
grandfather
father
neutral
mal-
bona, ^^^^;
;
\
avo,
patro,
pT3ipatT0}y forefathers,
to
;
repeat
veni,
or
reverse
to go
;
equivalent
SEN
:
reveni,
of
diri,
to
say
;
rediri,
to return,
English suffix :
-less, the
bald, hairless.
haro, hair\ senhara,
SUFFIXES
action,meaning the same
the English substantival
participleending, 'ing\
as
kanto, a song\ kantado, sifiging.
AD
AN
America
denotes
inhabitant
an
;
kristano,
continued
amerikano,
a
Christian,
or
an
partisan
American
of
Ameriko,
; Kristo, Christ,
:
67
Suffixes
AJ
idea
concrete
a
object, possessing the
root:
bela, beautiful \
or
by the
quality indicated
belajo, a beautiful object; bovo,
ox
an
\
bovajo,
:
arbo,
beef.
AR
arbaro,
tree)
a
collection
a
forest
-a
of
group
or
;
vorto,
things
word;
a
a
vortaro,
dictionary,
Cj
affectionate
diminutive
for masculine
Johano, y^/z;^ Johancjo, Johnnie
\
,
names:
patro,
father;
pa6jo, pa, papa,
denotes
EBLr
visible ;
porti,
to
possibility:vidi, to see; videbla,
carry
; portebla, portable,
abstract
ful;
quality : bela, beautibeleco, beauty; bona, "'ood ; boneco, goodness,
EC
denotes
the
EG
denotes
increased
degree
hot ;
pordo,
a
to
varmega,
;
warm
:
varma,
pordego,
door ;
gate,
EJ indicates place of action
:
lerni, to learn ; lernejo, a
to work
school,
tendency or inclination
laborema, industrious
;
a
the collective
coin ;
;
labori,
,
denotes
ER
from
place devoted
or
shows
EM
a
size
or
single object
term
:
mono,
sablo, sand; sablero,
ESTR
a
urbestro,
mayor
leader
;
or
a
distinguished
as
; monero,
money
grain of
manager
:
sand,
urbo,
city;
"ipo, ship ; "ipestro, captain.
68
The
ET
warm
;
tran^ileto,
denotes
ID
kato,
a
the
tranCilo,
\
:
a
kitten ;
or
a
descendant
refo, king
of
:
regido,
;
prince,
IG
are
to
means
to enrich
clean \
pura,
\
to become
cause
ri6a,
:
rich ;
(Igverbs
to clean,
purigi,
riCigi,
always transitive).
IG
become
to
means
purigi, to
become
and
forms, at, it
sew
of,
young
katido,
cat ;
lukewarm
degree
or
knife,
pen
a
size
of
varmeta,
;
Book
Esperanto
diminution
denotes
varma,
knife
American
clean,
can
denotes
;
kudrilo,
IN
suffix
never
inda, amiable
of
the
are
rich ;
transit
in-
always
passive participle
chicken
worthiness
kredi,
tool
or
feminine
the
koko,
;
\
take
needle\ pafi, shoot
a
denotes
IND
verbs
instrument
the
fratino, sister
(Ig
become
ot).
or
IL
riCigi, to
:
;
:
;
frato,
ami,
to believe \
kudri,
to
pafilo,gun,
kokino,
:
:
brother
\
hen,
to love ;
kredinda,
am-
worthy
of belief,
ING
holder
plumingo,
1ST
with,
or
for
a
penholder
denotes
a
associated
single object: plumo,
;
a
pen;
cigaringo, cigarholder,
person
with
:
professionally occupied
kanti, to sing) kantisto,
a
professional singer ; metio,
a
craftsman.
a
craft ; metiisto,
69
Suffixes
;
NJ affectionate diminutive for feminine names
Mario, Mary ; Marinjo or Manjo, Molly ; patrino,
mother
panjo,
;
mamma,
ma^
signifiesthat which bears, contains or produces
a
cream
pitcher ;
kremo, cream
; kremujo,
apple ; pomujo, apple tree ; turko, a turk ;
UJ
:
porno,
Turkujo,
UM
Turkey,
has
definite
no
meaning
cuff\ malvarma,
manumo,
to catch
:
mano,
hand
;
cold\ malvarmumi,
cold,
UL
indicates
granda,
large
a
of
person
grandulo,
;
the
quality implied :
large per s 071 ; pia,
a
fious ; piulo, a pious person,
a6,
the
sufifix indicating contempt
a
oppositeof
or
unworthiness,
being
ind, is used
by many
Esperantists,though not
authorized
by Lingva Komitato.
Example:
yet officially
sanctimonious.
hundo, dog; hunda6o, cur; pia,pious; pia6a,
ORDER
The
demand
the
nearest
word:
OF
logic is that the affix standing
first attach its significanceto the
of
root
mountain
monto,
tain ;
mont-eg-an-ar-o,
large
mountain
\
of
AFFIXES
;
\
a
the hills.
band
of people of
mont-ar-an-eg-o,
mont-et-an-ar-eg-o,
These
and
simplicity is
than
anywhere
are
no
else.
a
a
large
the
taineer
moun-
large band of people
exaggerated
less
alargemoun^
montego,
desirable
illustrations,
in Esperanto
The
70
Book
Esperanto
CORRELATIVE
THE
immense
WORDS
original words
few
the
Among
(the
American
been
majority having
living European languages)are
and
adjectives, adverbs
nicely correlated
Esperanto
taken
from
forty-five
pronouns,
conjunctive adverbs,
render
to
as
of
of them
most
so
self-
defining.
application, they
indicated by the beginnings
As
to
every
distributive
significations,
:
signifyingsome
I, indefinite,
C,
five
have
or
any,
collective, signifying each^
or
all,
^
K, interrogative or
relative, signifying what^
which,
NEN,
negative, meaning
T, demonstrative
As
to
meaning,
indicated
no7ie,
no,
that.
"
they have
nine
by nine endings
general signification
:
ia, ial,iam,
ie, iel,ies, io, iom, iu.
OR
1A=^KIND
QUALITY
Adjectival
\2i"^Some
d3L'="ach
kind
of, any
kind
kind
of each,
,
of,
every.
some,
any,
Words
Correlative
Kia=
kind
What
of,
as.
kind of,
Nenia=iVi?
l^m^==^That
such
no
of, such
kind
71
no,
a,
kind, such
a
a.
REASON
IAL.=M0TIVE,
Adverbial
lal=^Eor
for
reason,
some
some
for
cause,
any
cause,
C^ial=Eor
every
reason,
KiQ.\=Eor
what
reason?
Nenial=jP^r
Tial=Eor
710
all
Why,
for
reason,
wherefore,
cause,
no
for that
that reason,
lPiM
reasons,
cause,
therefore,
TIME
=
Adverbial
lam=
At
Ciam==^/
Kiain=^/
all
times, all
Neniam=.^/
the
no
ever,
time, always.
When,
time?
what
Tiani=^/
time,
time,some
any
time,
never,
that time, then.
IE.=FLACE
Adverbial
l^==Some
place,
d^^Everywhere,
K.\^=^In
^^n\Q=In
liiQ^^
what
no
place, somewhere,
any
in every
place?
place
,
place,
Where,
nowhere,
There, in that place.
anywhere,
The
72
American
Esperanto
Book
YEAj=MANNER
Adverbial
lel=/n
some
somehow,
way,
in
anyhow,
any
manner.
Ciel=/(^
all
every
manner,
what
manner?
every
way,
all ways,
means,
Kiel=/;/
Neniel=/;^
Tiel=//^
no
that
How,
in
7?ia7iner,
no
thus, so,
way,
as,
way,
as,
like,
by
no
like.
^POSSESSION
lES
F7^ononiinal
lQS'=Somebody'
anybody^s, anyone^s,
s,
Cies=Everybody's,each
Kies
one^s, everyone^s,
JVhose.
=
N Gnies=
one's,
JVobody's,no
T^iGS== That
one's,such
a
person's.
10=TB'ING
Substantival
lo^=Some
Cio=^E
Kio=
and
thing, anything,
very
thing,
all
What, which,
things, all,
that
l"[Qmo='Nothing,
TiO'^
Pronotntnau
That,
that
thing.
which,
means^
by
The
74
American
CAPITALS
The
is
the
of
meaning
is
points
this
in
of
and
a
respect
names
of
same
begun
Countries
do
;
rule
etc.
with
is
tude
lati-
same
letters,
but
arrived
have
The
styles.
and
English
change
at
main
Esperanto
:
races,
adverbs,
churches,
are
are
of
Frenchman
The
between
variance
Names
the
international
seemingly
capital
of
own
which
The
English,
use
to
punctuation,
printers
Esperanto
point
certain
the
his
of
impossible
by
in
in
permitted
this
on
practically
possible
frequently
so
punctuation
to
methods
the
sentence
a
regard
follow
to
it being
language,
with
custom
writer
each
for
PUNCTUATION
AND
present
Book
Esperanto
not
with
Francujo,
:
French
applies
small
to
;
france,
letters.
of
the
;
in
parties,
days
but
adjectives
France
political
names
capitals,
correlative
the
franca,
The
with
begin
of
franco,
French,
orders,
the
week
Order
OF
ORDER
wise
indeed
the
for
so
of words
ready
use
language
systems,
constructed
that
would
by
it is
ing
chang-
ordinarily, change
not,
sense.
La
infano
beleta
rompis
la
Beleta
infano
novan
la
This
broke
toy,"
new
given
same
of
in
as
follow,
senzorge
'The
pretty
word
style
good
may
natural
be
be
not
attained
literature
than
rompis.
la infano
child
beleta.
carelessly
the
trans-
Although
the
Esperanto
the
ludilon.
novan
senzorge
order.
On
that
will
la
ludilon,
novan
erroneously
preferred,
in
words
be
cannot
first, his
and
reading
rompis
English
at
Esperanto
is
infano
la ludilon
incorrect.
grammatically
order
beleta
the
whatever
first
order
novan
sentence,
the
leted,
la
la
rompts
senzorge
Senzorge
Ludilon
the
be
it
that
order
the
WORDS
different
widely
of
peoples
75
intended
being
Esperanto
Words
of
others
are
whole,
is
so
student
the
however,
nearly
may
much
all
The
difficult
more
the
safely
inclinations.
at
not
to
quire,
ac-
easily by
by memorizing
rules.
yS
T/ie
American
Esperanto
Book
,
FOREIGN
As
rapidly
are
and
receiving
them
to
are
of
of
names
are
best
necessity
the
spirit.
to
and
There
resolve
is
into
affairs
of
letters
not
their
local
found
need
the
names
significance,
in
the
of
others
land,
of
of
unless
Esperanto
would
nation
spelling
the
their
cording
ac-
it
given
a
own
with
apparent
Esperanto
Some
to
as
familiar
no
of
authorities
with
more
family
speaking,
Esperantists
connected
naturally
Esperanto
sound,
to
Generally
the
proper
spelling,
according
meaning.
important
the
international
an
that
all
into
adopted
rendered
are
seem
possible,
as
being
names
NAMES
as
origin
they
and
attempting
small
they
towns
tain
con-
alphabet.
EXERCISES
The
following series
Fundament
de
o
The
foundation
Dr.
by
word
this
of
learner
discussion
useful
reference
their
needs
studying
alone
adapted
person
of
to
Go
value.
is said
that
in
up,
their
to
only
your
with
Memorize
good
plan
in classes
and
a
will
few
words
;
aloud,
for
is to
this
be
thus
also
whom
as
the
to
twice, all
you
names
take
will
help
hear
you
able
you
the
prove
Then
will
you
methods
may
though
vocabulary
memorize
latter
but
of hearings
first Esperantist
each
the
suggestions
Exercises.
the
find
convenience,
the
voice
foregoing
devise
order,
own
the
carefully, all least
sense
cises
Exer-
the
Study
pronunciation.
the
of
will
on
familiarize
tions
transla-
explanatory
into
but
to
over
the
the
study
herein
Pronounce
carefully
review.
and
studying
Persons
the
Grammar,
the
the
Esperanto.
added
length
at
How
^
of
occasional
an
begin
going
of
for
language,
has
of
the
vocabularies.
the
may
without
book
to
part
a
author
with
comment,
accompanying
The
are
of the
Zamenhof
belongs
,
compiler
and
They
Esperanto,
unchangeable
arranged
exercises
of
to
verse
con-
meet.
proceed.
of
A
famil-
78
Amc7'ican
iar
objects seen
addressed
Learn
to
them
as
sentences
sight.
at
Esperanto journal, where
concerning
find announcements
well
of
books,
to
correspond
them.
see
you
finished the Exercises, subscribe
have
one
as
Jy
2",nd form
in Esperanto
them
you
to at least
about
or
name
When
day,
every
to
B. 00
Esperanto
as
in the
a
great
assortment
of persons
addresses
will
you
wish
who
language.
EXERCISE
1
attempting this Exercise, please read
carefully Page 7 and those following, on pronunciatio
Before
very
So
book
contain
many
keyed
have
persons
words
asked
showing
that
this
pronunciation
The
student
must
attempted here.
realize
consonants
that
the
are
puzzling added
frequently inserted only to certifythe vowel sound;
tween
beand
that eh signifiesa sound
especially note
accented
The
syllable,
long a and short e.
next
to the last.
marked
is always the one
this
that
is
'
,
Al.
ahl
Sen'-to.
tsehn-to
Fa-ci'-la.
fah-tsee-lah
Ba'-lo.
bah-lo
noo-bo
Sci'-o.
Co'-lo.
stsee-o
La'-ca.
lah-tsah
chee-eh-lo
tse-lo
tsee-tro-no
O-fi-ci'-ro.
Ko'-lo.
oh-fee-tsee-ro
ko-lo
tso-lo
Pa-cu-lo.
Car.
pah-tsoo-lo
char
Ci-ka'-no. Ci-e'-lo. Cu.
chee-kah-no
Ci-tro'-no.
Ce'-lo.
Nu-bo.
choo
Ce-mi'zo.
cheh-mee-zo
Fe-li'-ea. Ci'-a. Ci'-a.
feh-lee-chah
tsee-ah
chee-ah
Exercises
Pro-ce'-so. Sen-6e'sa.
sehn-cheh-sah
pro-tseh-so
Den'-to.
dehn-to
79
Ec.
E^.
Ek.
Da.
ehts
ehch
ehk
dah
Plen'-di.
El.
En.
De.
plehn-dee
ehl
ehn
deh
Lu'-do.
loo-do
Te'-ni. Sen.
teh-ni.
Ve'-ro. Fa'-li. Fi-de'-la. Tra'-fi. Ga'-lo.
veh-ro.
fah-lee
da.
Gen'-to.
dah
gehn-to
fee-deh-lah
trah-fee.
gah-lo
Gip'-so. Gus'-to.
Gran'grahn-
Le'-gi. Pa'-go.
leh-gee
goos-to
geep-so
sehn
pah-go
Pa'-go. Le'-go. Cis. Cus'-ta. Re'-gi.Car-de'-no.
pah-jo
leh-jo
jees
joos-tah reh-jee
jar-deh-no
Lon'-ga. Reg'-no. Sig'-ni.Gvar-di'-o. Lin'-gvo.
lohn-gah
rehg-no
gvar-dee-o
seeg-nee
6u-a'-do. Ha'-ro.
Hi-run'-do.
Ha'-ki.
joo-ah-do
hee-roon-do
hah-kee
hah-ro
leen-gvo
Ne-he'-la.
ne-heh-lah
Pac-ho'-ro.
Ses-ho'ra. Bat-hu'-fo. Ho'-ro. Ho'-ro.
pahts-hoh-ro
sehs-hoh-rah
Ko-le'
Ho-le'-ro. He-mi'-o.
ro.
koh-leh-ro
Tro'-vi.
beer-do
troh-vee
hoh-ro
preen-tehm-po
I'-el. I'-am.
feh-ee-noo
ee-ehl
ee-ahm
krah-yo-no
rees-to
Ru-i'-no.
Fo-ir'o.
foh-ee-ro
meen
In.
Jam.
Ju. Jes. Ju-
een
yahm
yoo
mah-yehs-tah
yehs
yoo-
Do'-moj.
doh-moy
tooy
Pruj'-no. Ba-la'-i. Pa'-laj.De-i'-no.
prooy-no
roo-ee-no
fee-lo
Min.
Kra-jo'-no. Ma-jes'-ta. Tuj.
ris'-to.
Fi'-lo.
ee-mee-tee
Prin-tem'-po.
Fe-i'-no.
Wio-xo
I-mi'-ti.
h^e-mee-o
h/^o-leh-ro
Bir'-do.
baht-hoo-fo
bah-lah-ee
pah-ligh
deh-ee-no
Vej'-no.Pe-re'-i. Mal'-plej.Jus'-ta.Jus. Je'-ti.
'
vay-no
peh-reh-ee
mahl-play
zhoos-tah
zhoos
zheh-tee
Jur-na'-lo.Ma'-jo. Bo-na'-Jo.Ka'-po.
Ja-lu'-za.
zhah-loo-zah
zhoor-nah-lo
mah-yo
bo-nah-zho
kah-po
8o
The
American
Ma-ku'-lo.
Kes'-to. Su-ke'-ro.
ma-koo-lo
kehs-to
Li-kvo'-ro.
Book
Esperanto
Ko-ke'-to.
Ak'-vo.
ko-keh-to
ahk-vo
soo-keh-ro
Pac-ka'-po.
lee-kvo-ro
pahts-kah-po
3^
EXERCISE
Le-vi'lo. Pa-ro'-li. Mem.
La'-vi.
Em-ba-ra'-so.
In-di-fe-ren'-ta. In-ter-na-
No'-mo.
He-ro'-i. He-ro-i'-no.
ci'-a. 01.
Im-pli'-ki.
Pal'-pi. Ri-pe'-ti.Ar-ba'-ro.
Foj'-no. Pi'-a.
Sa'ma.
Sta'ri.
Sis-te'-mo. Pe-si'-lo. Pe-zi'-lo. Sen'-ti.
Si-ge'-lo.
Si. Pa'-"o. Sta'-lo. Sta'-lo.
So-fis'mo. Ci-pre'-so.
Dis-"i'ri. San-ce'-li. Ta-pi'-"o.
dees-shee-ree
shahn-tseh-lee
ta-pee-sho
Veg'-to. Ves'-to.
vehss-to.
vehsh-to
Te-o-ri'-o. Pa-ten
Tu-mul'to.
U-ti'-la.
Un'-go. Plu'-mo.
Ki'-u.
Ba-la'-u. Tra-u'-
Lu'-i.
Plu.
Ne-u'-lo.
Pe-re'-u.
lo.
-to.
Pau-li'-no.
Frau-lo.
Laii'-di.
Eii-ro'-po Tro-u'zi. Ho-di'-aii. Va'-na.
lahw-di
ehw-roh-po
Sol'-vi.
Ver'so.
A-ze'no.
*One
here,
of the
the
Zor'-gi. Ze-ni'to.
Me-zu'-ro.
Zu'-mo.
nok'to.
matter
hoh-dee-ow
tro-oo-zee
Na'-zo.
Su'-mo.
numbered
being
sections
found
Zo-o-lo-gi-o.
Tre-zo'-ro.
Zo'-no.
So'-no.
of the Ekzercaro
in the
vah-nah
beginning of
Mez-
Pe'-zo.
is omitted
this book.
The
82
A^nerican
EXERCISE
5
kolombo, dove,
birdo, bird.
aparteni, to belong
al, to,
^2Xro^ father,
kaj, a7id,
frato, brother,
leono, lion,
esti, to be,
besto, beast
rozo,
Book
Esperanto
suno,
to,
sun.
brili,to shine,
well, healthy,
sana,
tajloro, tailor.
rose,
fioro,flower,
article).
la, the (definite
(noun) ending.
o, substantive
adjective ending
as, verb ending, present
a,
^
^
^
La suno
apartenas al Teodoro.
^La^ patro estas
estas
sana.
^The
of la here
use
whom
have
we
been
brilas.
is
rose
*
bird.
shines.
is
father
a
a
The
^
tailor.
and
a
the
(The)
patro
5
a
belongs
father
of
is nominative.
noun
^
brother.
flower, and
rose
^
La
rozo
tajloro.^
TRANSLATION
A
*
La
a definite
father; the father
signifies
speaking;my father, your father, etc.
^After esti in all its forms
'A
'Rozo
besto.
Leono
estas
kaj frato.
*
birdo.
estas
floro kaj kolombo
Patro
estas
^
tense.
is
dove
to
lion
A
is
a
beast.
(or pigeon)
Theodore.
healthy.
^
^
The
(The)
is
a
sun
father
EXERCISE
infano,
6
child.
homo,
ripe,
Cielo, heaven, sky,
weep,
mourn,
kie,
blue,
blua,
upon,
on,
ku"i,
to lie
Gi^^)"
jen, lo, behold
pen
kiu,
apple,
pomo,
tero, earth.
n,
jam
Infano
^
'^In
^
estas
ne
ploras.
ne
^
La
usually precedes other
tute
^Homo,
a
homo
Cielo estas
a
certe
human
being, man
in
blua.
it
^
^.
precedes
to which
words
quite;
ne=wo/
tense.
matura
Esperanto, the negative word
always:
(objective).
of accusative
ending
is, verb ending, past
^
who,
trovi, to find,
"tono, stone,
/.
mi,
window,
fenestro,
^
plumo,
where,
krajono, pencil,
tablo, table,
libro, book,
sur,
(general
being).
man
for human
jam, already,
plori, to
not,
ne,
mature,
matura,
83
Book
Esperanto
American
The
*
La
infano
Kie estas
the
verb,
belongs, though
la
and
not
n^-=^certainlynot.
general;Vixo^ama?!;
virino,
zvomaji.
^Jam nQ=already
than
the student
the
not.
word
Jam
is used
already
carefullyto studythe
in
v/ith much
English,and
sense
wherever
quency
greater freit is Vvell for
it is found.
^Lalibro
ku"as
estro
Jen
ku"as
krajono
la
kaj
ku"as
^
kiun
mi
^
list of
in
the
prepositions,
careful
study.
behold.
It
translates
^Jen
means
^Kiun
is
of
object
in
here
trovis.
it is
a
5)
is the
precisely why
kiun
and
pronoun
estas
becomes
accusative
by
A
child
Where
upon
^
are
the
On
tero
apple.
the
the
and
the
lie
window
^
ground
Here
lies
is
a
let
If
us
we
is
frequently
To
remember
render
the
for the
reason
thus
in
placed
6
^The
man.
the
pencil
a
(See
accusative.
an
trovis, the
^
cries.
and
the
being
which
estas,
mi
mature
book
the
it.
follow
a
equal precision
by
porno.
Kiu
which
is not
table
the
Upon
an
la
Esperanto
sur.
is accusative,
for
clearer.
of
followed
pomon
(already not)
longer
is
porno.
Sur
(objective) case,
TRANSLATION
^
la fen-
is.
subject
stands
porno,
verbs
with
accusative
be
accusative
^
Sur
estas
^
of
uses
yonder
cannot
Jen
sentence
the
Fomo
b. Exercise
understand
and
is
here
English phrases
^
^
Jen
trovis.
prepositions require
that
^
fenestro.
la tablo
"tono.
*^See,
Note
sur^
estas
kaj plumo.
la porno,
estas
la
sur
krajono
Book
Espera7ito
kaj lakrajono?
libro
^
American
The
84
stone.
sky
pencil?
^The
lies upon
the
pencil
the
The
and
apple
child
is
blue.
book
window.
'^
a
pen.
which
no
I
Here
found.
is
Book
Esperanto
American
EXERCISE
^^
7
dento, tooth.
akra, sharp,
forta, strong,
de, of, by, from,
doni^ give.
vidi, to see,
kun, with,
kuraga, brave daring,
paroli, to speak,
hand,
mano,
resti, to stay^ remain,
dangero, danger,
rajdi, to ride,
pri, about, concerning,
^
of the
j, sign
plural.
ending.
e, adverb
i, verb ending, infinitive mode.
u, verb ending, imperative mode.
*
Leono
akraj^. ^Al
^
leonon.
^
Resti
the
that the
to which
noun
For
the
"Here,
e)
not
kun
leono
no
is
la
*
manon.
estas
Mi
vidas
*
dangere^.
estas
Mi
leono
Kiu
parolas pri leono.
subject,no
time,
dangere
as
plural.
tense
stay with
to
in
or
lion, is dangerous.
a
form
(ending
translated
be
to
sense,
of action.
time
adverbial
the
takes
it is adverbial
because
dentoj de
adjective,akraj, is in the plural form,
has
word
'^
leono?
at any
person,
any
donu
it refers
*^Infinitiveverb;
La
ne
leono
kuragas rajdi sur
"Observe
^
forta.
estas
gerously,
dan-
the subject of this
it has no
noun,
Should
resti.
verb,
leono
estas
we
being
say
dangera, the adjectiveform would be used.
but
because
the
sentence
TRANSLATION
^A
lion
^
sharp.
a
lion.
*Who
about
To
dares
a
^The
is strong.
Do
^
lion.
not
give
remain
to
ride
7
your
with
on
a
teeth
hand
a
of
to
lion
lion?
a
a
lion
lion.
*
I
are
see
is dangerous.
^I
am
speaking
S6
American
EXERCISE
8
bona, good,
diri, to
Capelo, hat,
ke, that (conjunction),
say,
diligenta, diligent,
veni, to come,
ami, to love,
kune, together,
filo,son,
stari,
apud,
close by,
near^
pur
(to be
acquainted with).
koni^
to know
by
per,
arbo,
*
^
filo staras
per"
patro
^See
^Diru
such
^^
panon.
la
as
^^
nazo.
estas
Note
al=
house.
^
^
Venu
room.
Jen ku"as
kune^
la
Capelo
de
diligenta.
estas
kun
la
patro.
de Johano
apud la patro. ^La mano
^Mi konas Johanon. ^Ludovicko, donu
pura.
mi
bona.
la patron.
La
^
domo,
al ^ la patro, ke mi
Diru
amas
al
nose,
eambro,
Mi
estas
nazo,
patro estas
la patro.
^
smell.
tree.
*
La
bread,
mangi, to eat,
bu"0, mouth,
before,
antau,
to stand,
clean, pure,
a,
pa no,
of,
ineans
flari,to
*
Book
Esperanto
en
a,
mangas
Anta(i
la bu"o
per
la domo
staras
kaj flaras
arbo.
^^
La
la Cambro.
Exercise
Tell to.
speak
Mi
The
to, reco7i?zt
5.
prepositional
to, etc.
is used
in
expressions
American
^'Kune
\i\in==
other
See
verbs^
"^Note
is in the
Note
this
Literally,
"Find,
Page
on
31.
would
read
from
case
54, the
of
followed
give
the verb.
(The)
stands
son
^
^^
^
(the)father.
love
I know
the
near
with
Come
^
nose.
Before
your
^''^The[my] father
is in
and
smell
stands
"
The
is clean.
[some]
me
house
the
father.
John's hand
mouth
the
*I
industrious.
am
with
father.
lies father's hat.
Here
I
that
[my]
the
"
[my]
^
^Ludovick, give
John.
I eat
8
father is good.
^Tell (to the) father
'Panon
Thread,
of per.
uses
proper
to
tive
nomina-
the
by
donu.
TRANSLATION
*
is repeatedwith
word
a
that
prepositionis
the
accusative
than
Exercise
c,
again that
case.
Here,
87
emphasis. This is
prepositions,especiallyin connection with
with
done
often
with.
Together
apparent purpose
no
Book
Esperanto
bread.
with
a
the
tree.
room.
suggested that the student review the preceding
exercises, read again all that is said about
It is
sounds
book
pronunciation in the beginning of this
It
and test his pronunciation by tne rules.
and
is much
have
easier to
become
correct
habits.
errors
before
they shall
88
American
Book
Esperanto
EXERCISE
9
flugi, to fly,
kanti, to sing,
agrabla, agreeable,
6ar, because,for,
voli, to wish, to will,
knabo, boy,
akvo, water,
ili,they,
peli, pursue,
ni,
okulo,
orelo,
chase
trinki,to drink,
ior,forth, out.
out,
audi, to
lerni, to
eye,
ear.
tial, therefore,
ricevi,
iri,to
nun,
uncle.
but.
letero,
letter
agrabla.
volas
trinki.
vidas
per
la
*
grandfather.
now.
^La
^
La
kanto
*
mon.
Mi
de^la
birdoj
birdoj akvon,
Donu
al la
knabo
la birdojn^ ^Ni
forpelis^
diligente.
''Aleksandro
lerni,kaj tial mi batas Aleksandron.
ricevis
beat.
Car
ili
okulojkaj aiidasper la oreloj. ^Bonaj
infanoj lernas
mi
learn,
write.
birdoj flugas.
estas
hear,
legi, to read.
li,he.
(missive) litero, letter(^d^,h,c,
etc.)
skribi, to
^La
avo,
go,
onklo,
sed,
bati, to
get, obtain,
to
we.
libron, kaj de^la
venas
de
la avo,
*
frato mi
De
volas
ne
la patro
ricevis plu-
kaj mi iras
nun
al la
The
po
American
Esperanto
EXERCISE
kajero, copy-book,
fraulo, unmarried
dol6a,
mia,
10
blanka, whitc^
paper.
papero,
Book
juna,
young,
fraulino, Miss.
man,
rakonti,
sweet.
to
relate,
tell^
bela, beautiful,
amiko, friend.
historic, story^ history,
obstina, obstinate,
deziri, to
vi, you,
tago, day,
sinjoro, sir^ Mr,
mateno,
goji, to rejoice.
kia, what kind,
festi, to make
en,
my,
what
a,
hodiau,
desire,
morning,
festival.
today.
hela, clear,glaring,
Z7i.
nokto, night,
nokto, night.
pala, pale.
luno,
stelo,
nego, snow,
lakto, ??tilk,
star.
pli, more,
Rutri,
a
to nourish,
moon.
ol, than,
vino, wine.
havi,
to have,
ivQ^Qi,fresh,
erari,
to
q\,from,
out
from,
err,
tiM, each,
every
plej, most.
ciuj, all.
tiel,thus, so,
si, oneself,
kiel, as, how,
sia, one'^s.
saga, wise,
in, suffix of the feminine.
mal, prefixof contrary, opposite
one,
Exe7^cis"S
^
Papero
^
la tablo.
sur
*
la tablo.
^La
la
estas
^
obstinajn^
homojn.
^
sinjoro!
al
deziras
*^
Sur
Bonan
^^
la helan
vidas
ku"as
ne
'^
sur
"
1
Rakontu
^
^^
Cojan
goja festo
amas
ne
I
tagon,
(mi
(estashodiau).
^^
suno.
kaj en*
Mi
al vi bonan
deziras
la bela
sunon,
^
pomon.
historion.
Mi
Kia
la Cielo staras
jam
dolCan
matenon
vi).
ku"as
papero
kajero de^ la juna fraulino.
belan
juna amiko
mia
Blanka
papero
al mi
patro donis
aP
blanka
La
Jen
^
blanka.
estas
9 1
feston
la tago ni
En
la nokto
!
ni vidas
la
^*
palan lunon kaj la belajnstelojn. La papero estas
^^
^
Lakto
tre blanka, sed la
ne Jo estas
pli blanka.
^
^*
fre"an
Mi havas pli
estas
pli nutra, ol vino.
^^Ne,
sinjoro; via pano
^^
^
El
6iuj miaj infanoj
estas malpli fre"a, ol mia.
^^
tiel forta,
Mi estas
la plej juna.
Ernesto
estas
estas la malkieP vi. ^^ El Ciujsiaj^ fratojAntono
ol
panon,
vi.
vi
eraras,
plej saga.
Note
*See
Exercise
c,
^Esperantonouns
*^
Adjectives
There
is
"Bonan
other
has
mode
an
exception
"
but understood.
good morning.
See
with
agree
see
their
The
is accusative
matenon
Mi
la
deziras
Bonan
the
Page
nouns
command
a
help of
hook.
knabo=7'^^^oy5
signifying,here,
uses.
with
possessivecase
libro de
La
*^Imperativemode,
This
the
form
prepositionde:
the
6.
or
request.
34.
in number
and
case.
Adjective.
here, the verb
al vi bonan
matenon=/
tagon!=6'ooc? day
I
being omitted,
zt//^^ you
The
92
^As
in
Espe7'anto
American
this
English,
prepositionmay
Book
be
{in)
en
or
dum
{during).
Exercise
^See
Note
^See
Comparison,
^El
a,
of,
means
^Tiel
as
^For
Pronoun,
second
relative.
They
and
the
also
of
uses
^
table.
Father
friend
^
The
*
table.
^
^
Paper is white.
white
gave
a
I wish
is
Here
examples
me
a
longer lies
^
apple.
sweet
the
^
sir I
Tell
bright
sun,
beautiful
and
I have
^^
am
Of
all my
as
strong
Anthony
Milk
night
your
we
Good
is
people.
morning 1 ^^A
than
is the
you.
least
Of
wise.
we
pale
^^
you.
fresh
is the
all
joyous
the
sky
a
see
moon
white, but
is less
bread
children, Ernest
as
the
see
day
nourishing
more
^^
In the
is very
Paper
bread
fresher
wrong,' sir;
^^
^*
stars.
is whiter.
^^
at
sun.
young
my
like obstinate
not
^^
beautiful
the
upon
^^
What
joyous festival I (I wish you).
^^
In
festival! (there is today).
(on)
stands
the
lady's copy-book.
young
good day,
18.
lies upon
paper
no
paper
pretty story. 'I do
you
Exercise
in
10
White
the
Reflexive
si,sin,sia,see
TRANSLATION
^
translated
are
etc.
as,
Page 27,
words, the first being
correlative
are
explanationof
full
among.
,
the
so
25.
of from
These
and
as,
Page
out
kiel.
demonstrative
g.
his
than
No,
you
than
youngest.
the
and
snow
wine.
are
mine.
^^
I
[the] brothers,
Exercises
93
EXERCISE
11
it\no^fairy,
unUy
one.
vidvo,
du,
two*
widower,
simila, like,similar.
karaktero,
vizato, face.
povi,
pensi,
ambau,
both.
fiera,proud,
oni,
people, they,
vivi, to
plena, full, complete,
to think,
live,
krom,
honest,
ec,
one,
to be able,
laii,according
portreto, portrait,
honesta,
can,
character.
besides,
suffix denoting abstract
bona, good; boneco,
to,
quality:
goodness.
Iu2l Feino
^
*
Unu
juna estis
vidvino
tiel simila
definite.
here
In
is not
an
Exercise
taj infanoj,unuj
[certainones] are
less of definite
al la
du
filinojn.'La
pli mal-
patrino per sia karaktero
t\\x,kiu "in vidis, povis pensi, ke li
ke
kaj vizago,
^Unu
havis
estas
indefinite article,neither
12,
Sentence
bonaj="9/"
good.
The
5,
we
her
have:
many
good children
identification from
unuj.
is it
El
precisely"iaj mul-
children,
receive
more
some
or
Aifierican
94
vidas
filino, kiu
pli juna
el la
unu
and
la
plena
idea
is
of
it has
mal,
TRANSLATION
A
older
that
saw
certain
like
so
was
(sees)
the
and
them.
image
was,
^
The
of
in
girls that
her
proud
that
addition
one
her
;^
father
could
to
in
saw
mother
younger
they
one
daughter,
in her
that,
find.
tio
krom
Although
root
word
significanceof
no
malforta,
weak.
one
'The
daughters.
two
mother
who
one
every
her
sia
11
had
widow
the
usually expressed by
means
de
povis trovi.
directly opposite meaning.
Alta, high, malalta, lozv; forta, strong,
^
estis
^La
ili.
portreto
kaj honesteco,
a
opposite by
the
bad:
confers
agreeable
more
malagrablaj^
plej belaj knabinoj, kiujn oni
*^Mal always
the
estis tiel
povis vivi kun
ne
estis
laii sia boneco
patro
ambau
oni
fieraj, ke
tiel
kaj
; ili
patrinon
la
Book
Esperanto
character
might
were
could
who
goodness
of the
think
both
not
was
and
most
and
face
that
so
he
agreeable
dis-
live with
the
exact
honesty,
beautiful
Exercises
95
EXERCISE
fari, /^ ^(^, /^ make.
multe, much.
promeni, to walk,
hundo, a dog,
dek, ten,
only,
nur,
12
tri,three,
cio, everything',
fingro,finger,
kvin, five,
alia, other,
kvar, four,
ok, ^/^/^/.
sep,
seven.
mil,
thousand,
cent, hundred.
nau,
;^/;^^.
ses,
i"/^.
^"?^r.
horo,
minuto,
minute.
konsisti
(el),consist of sekundo,
January.
JsLtiuSLTOy
monato,
Aprilo, April,
jaro,
Novembro,
November,
Decembro,
December,
Februaro,
second,
month,
year,
week.
semajno,
Dio, God,
elekti, choose
February
^
elect,
sankta, holy,
ti, //.
krei, to
create.
dato,
Marto,
March.
naski,
date,
to
bear, produce.
it, sign of past participle:
am-it-e,
^
Du
homoj
*Pli multe
remembered
povas
loved.
pli^ multe^
ol=Literally,more
that
granda=/ar^^r,
''more
been
sm,all."
pli is merely
''more
much
a
word
fari ol
than.
of
unu.
It should
comparison:
'Mi
be
Pli
large''; pli malgranda=5wa//(fr,
The
96
havas
^Li
la
nur
American
kun
promenas
dek
bu"on,
unu
tri
infanoj unuj^estas
^
Kvin
kaj
^
dudek.
dek
kaj kvardek
dek
de la
^*
'^
du.
Dek
faras
kaj
dudek
dek
la
^^Kiun
daton^
tago
sepa
^*
minuto
unu
^^
jaro.
la
Marto.
duan^
naskita
la dudek
sepcent
tridek dua^
^his
final
use
of multe
frequently has
e
This
the
is
kelkaj.
same,
is
a
da
Multaj birdoj,multo
about
Dio
the
similarlytrue
^^
La
Hodiau
rather
birdoj and
adverbial
of kelke
than
multe
form
da, which
ol la
la dudek
estis
Va"ington
de la
the
an
da
being
jaro mil
The
beginner.
adverbial
birdoj
most
is used
ses
tago?
sesa
estas
Februaro
quite confusingto
neutral
la
en
de la
tagon
sepan
Georgo
de
unua
la kvindek-
estas
kreis
^^
kon-
dek-dua.
la
estas
Februaro
ni havas?
de
Tri-
la kvara, Novembro
Decembro
Kion
^
du.
sankta,
semajno Dio elektis,ke gi estu^pli
unuaj tagoj.
faras
infanojn. "^^Ses-
unu
horon, kaj
unu
dek
sepdek kvin. ^^Mil okcent
jaro,Aprilo estas
de
tago
unua
dek
(tago) de
dudeka
La
per
malbonaj.
dek-unua,
la
estas
6ion
sekundoj. ^^Januaroestas
sistas el" sesdek
monato
faris
bonaj kaj aliajestas
kvin faras
minutoj faras
orelojn.
"iaj multaj
^^Li havas
tri.
naudek
du
havas
hundoj.' *Li
kaj dek ok
Kvar
mi
^El
faras
sep
sed
siaj^ manoj.
de
fingroj
Book
Esperanto
all
often
sense.
mean
used.
instead
of
The
98
first
of
month
is
American
the
twentieth
day
of
year.
selected
to
^^
did
What
date
is
be
God
(have
it
is
December
^^The
the
February
is
seventh
day
create
we)
born
year
on
one
the
of
first
the
March.
George
day
seven
is
hundred
of
God
six
days.
^^
day?
Today
The
day
week
the
^^
today.
twenty-second
thousand,
fifty-first
of
sixth
^*
twelfth.
the
the
the
on
ber
Novem-
fourth,
the
than
holy
more
^^
day
seventh
is
April
year,
eleventh,
the
Book
Esperanto
What
the
twenty-
Washington
of
February,
and
was
in
thirty-two.
the
Exercises
99
EXERCISE
13
ordinara, ordinary.
tiu, that,
daiiri, to continue,
persono,
a
person,
.
varma,
warm,
sama,
tempo,
time,
teruro,
without,
inter, between^
derpi, to draw.
proksima, near,
porti, to carry.
among,
tre,
suffix of
grandega,
to
very.
loko, place.
kruCo, pitcher,
ig, suffix, meaning
purigi,purify,
eg,
terror.
devi, ought,
labori, to labor.
6esi, to cease.
afero, affair^ matter.
kontraii, against,
kuiri, to cook,
sen,
same,
to
to be
cause
increased
degree
:
pura,
:
granda, large ;
immense,
ej, suffix indicating the place devoted
learn ; lernejo, a school.
ad, suffix showing
continued
action
spirado, breathing,
case.
n, sign of accusative
61, denotes proximity: tie, there
tic, that\ tic 6i, this,
fojo, **//w^": unu
fojo,onetime^
breathe
pure ;
to:
:
lerni,
spiri,
to
;
;
tie
once\
6i, here''\
du
fojoj,
kiu
estas
twice.
La
Feino
(Daurigo)
^
Car
simila
al
6iu
amas
ordinare
personon,
li^,tial tiu t\ patrino
pii maljunrai filinon, kaj
en
varmege
tiu^
sama
amis
sian
tempo
"i
A77ierican
The
loo
Book
Esperanto
^
"i
pli juna.
devigis "in mangi en la kuirejo kaj laboradi sen^Inter aliaj aferoj tiu 6i malfeliCa
infano
Cese.
6iu tago iri 6erpi akvon
tre
devis du fojojn*^
en
en
loko
plenan
kaj alporti domen"
malproksima
havis
kru6on.
grandan
to
kontraii*^ la
malamon
teruran
used
refer
it would
^Li, here, and not si, because if si were
which
is
this
and
refers
the
of
to
clause,
kiu,
subject
again
is loved.
who
the person
In the same
persono,
it refers to the subject of the
is used because
sian
sentence
phrase
in which
it appears.
**Tiu
a
adjective or
in
use,
English,/"or
"^Accusative
du
io]0]=For
might
pronoun
carrying
was
form.
direction
to show
"
is also
^
As
every
like him
one
similar
a
Were
the
girl,in
1
toward
sense
we
omitted.
addition
has
we
see
to her
the
ready-
used
here
other
the accusative
See
house.
Je
dufoje.
domon
noun,
Domen
the
Fairy
written
Again
TRANSLATION
The
uses
toward.
This
poor
the house
often
of la.
implied prepositionis
that the
mean
In
against.
or
times.
tivo
adverbial
of the
use
an
Esperanto
instead
housezvardly.
literally,
"Domen;
it
because
time,
same
yion\x2i\x= Hatred
^Malamon
would
Z'-^a/
tempo=
sama
demonstrative
Rule
dens,
buring
end-
XIII.
13
( Continued
ordinarily loves
)
a
person
who
is
[self] therefore this mother ardently loved
time she had
daughter, and at the same
^
hatred
She compelled
against the younger.
,
her
a
elder
terrible
her
^
had
to
distant
eat
in the
Among
other
to
go,
twice
place, and
every
carry
kitchen
and
to work
santly.
inces-
child
things this unhappy
in a very
day, to draw water
home, full,a large pitcher.
Exercises
loi
EXERCISE
14
loti, to lodge
urbo, town,
aceti, to buy.
au,
kulero,
forko, fork,
reside,
^
spooji,
or,
back^ again,
mono,
money,
danki, to thank,
por, for,
ankau, also,
peti, request^ ask,
kiam, when.
post, after, behind,
pagi, to pay,
bezoni, to need, want,
kosti, to cost.
"tofo, goods, stuff.
Ciam, always,
jeti, to throw,
venki, to conquer.
pago, page,
fini,to end, to finish,
se, if.
tuta, whole, entire,
re,
da, of\ used
words
after
expressing weight
or
measure.
as
prunti, to lend
a loan\
prunte
borrow
or
;
preni,
doni,
prunte
to take
as
suffix of collective
in twos
^
; two
Mi
havas
are
both
cent
The
duope,
:
by
or
duono, half,
^Mi havas
numerals
dekduo,
and
milionon
havas
etc.,
number
interchangeably.
correct.
:
pomojn.
cardinal
say cento, milo,
the regular case
used
:
together,
^Tiu 6i urbo
^Centon.
take
numeral
suffix of fractionals
pomoj.
we
tense
,fold\ duobla, twofold, double,
obi,
on,
give
loan.
a
ant, ending of active participle,present
loving,
loving, being now
amante,
op,
to
Mil
are
we
not
have
centon^da
da
logantoj.
changed.
When
substantives, which
changes.
homoj, milo
The
da
two
forms
homoj,
are
102
The
"
*Mi
da
dekduojn
du
(au dek-duon)
dekduon
aCetis
vi
kiun
la
por
prunti
prunto
al mi,
^
kiam
kvin
tago mi
ricevis
duoblan
*
^Tri
^^
de dek.
frankoj).
da
cent-sesdek-kvinono
^^
Tiuj 6i
^*Kvinope
du
tri
pomoj.
tial,
mi
^^
^^
kvar
Unu
kvinonoj
min,
due,
the
addition
al 6iu el la
t\ libro
legos^
libron
of
e
^Suffix
double.
neutral
a
noun
of
en
to form
XTi"^==^ Firstly^ secondly,
tri-
estas
Ciam
sed
mi
infanoj mi
havas
Ciu tago po
en
naii
kaj duonon
tago
promenas
Jetissur
Tiu
finos la tutan
has
amikoj
du
ili sin
mi
se
^Note
a
kvar
tricent-sesdek-sesono
aii
pomojn, kaj
dek
kvin.
tridek
atakantojn. ^^Por miaj kvarinfanoj
kvin
hod.iaiia
(=tio estas)
e.
estas
metroj kostas
frankojn ; tial du
jaro.
^^Ok
6iu
Por
la
estas
sep
poste
metroj da^ tiu 6i "tofo kostas
Kvar
frankojn (au
t.
vin
ankau
^
pagon,
ses.
dankas
por
kvar
da
al vi la
monon.
frankojn, sed
de
duono
estas
mi
vin
petas
Kvinoble^
kulerojkaj
redonas
; due
bezonos
mi
ricevas
frankojn.
mi
mi
trie^ mi
;
da
jaroj (au milo
Mil
Unue
pruntis al
tago mi
dek
^
forkoj.
jaroj)faras miljaron.
monon,
Book
^Amr.rica7iEsperanto
duope".
venkis
mi
kvin
la
aSetis
donis
sesdek
dek
de
po'
pagojn
;
pagoj,
tagoj.
adverbial
ordinals:
Unue,
thirdly,
-obi-:
multiplication,
single, duobla,
of the adverbial
See again the use
ending. This has
12). Kvinoble
significance (Note b, Exercise
sep
value
and is the subject of the sentence.
Unuobla,
Exercises
^Da.
103
translated
preposition,
This
indicatingquantity,weight, measure,
^Po
Page
see
per,
at
means
rate
of.
the
distinction
between
is conditional
in
For
the
sentence
is not
After
used.
I have
hundred
one
^
**of''apples.
^
a
I
bought
the loan ;
and
of
nine
cost
a
endings
me
is,
ten
ten.
;
os
as,
I
itants.
inhab-
and
two
dozen
thousand
oi
return
the
you
me
for
wards,
after-
'^For each day
money.
for
to
years)
you
second, I thank
francs.
I
today I receive double
*
Five
times
^^
is half of six.
^^Four
to
also to lend
you
hundred
a
of
spoons
meters
francs ; therefore
half francs
I have
million
a
First,
I shall need
^
thirty-five. Three
fifths
^
lent
you
^
(or,a
years
five francs, but
that
pay,
dozen
a
third, I ask
when
receive
city has
millenium.
which
money
the
sense,
14
apples.
This
^A thousand
make
and
po
frequentlyused.
are
forks.
the
se,
TRANSLATION
*
English
exact
55.
mode
conditional
is
cf
although
^Here,
and
suffix
words
Da, De, P. 50.
See
etc.
Esperanto has no
equivalent. Duope, triope=^y twos, by threes.
collective
"The
with
of, is used
two
of
Eight is fourthis
meters
(or of francs^.
is
seven
^^
One
material
cost
four
day is
a
The
I04
Book
Esperanto
American
three-hundred-and-sixty-fifth,
or
^^
of
and-sixty-sixth,
themselves
threw
four
my
and
apples,
three
to
apples.
if
day,
me,
upon
I
I
read
shall
of
each
^^This
at
finish
them
book
the
the
rate
entire
but
I
together
fifteen
book
the
at
sixty
has
of
bought
I
gave
they
all
overcame
children
I
friends
two
Five
together.
^^For
assailants.
These
year.
"
(two)
walk
always
a
three-hundred-
a
pages
twelve
four
of
rate
;
fore,
there-
pages
in
five
every
days.
American
The
io6
^
bela knabino.
Cerpis akvon
alportis"al
la
la bona
de la fonto
*Kiam
pli oportune.
**Vi
tiel bela, tiel bona
estas
fari al vi
(Car tio
donacon*'
sin la formon
prenis sur
gentilecode tiu
de
^"Mi
juna knabino).
t\
al
kaj tiel
vilaga virino, por^ vidi, kiel granda
mal-
estos
al
faras
al
vi donacon,'* da^rigis la feino, '*ke 6e^ 6iu
vorto,
eliros ati floro aii*multe-
vi diros, el via bu"o
kosta
kaj
trankviligissian soifon, "i diris
ei estis feino,,
kiu
kiun
kaj
subtenante^ la kruCon,
trinki
povu
honesta, ke mi devas
riCa
loko
plej pura
virinon, 6iam
virino
la knabino:
tuj lavis sian^ kruSon
"i
la
en
ke la virino
por
Kaj
Book
Esperanto
"tono."
she
^That
though
give her
represents
in
common
once
This
to drink.
the
English, is
of Esperanto
peculiarity
a
of
use
which
the
infinitive,
obsolete, and
now
the student should
remember.
"^Here, sian, the reflexive
the
the
subjectof the clause,
girl's pitcher.
"See
*
Note
The
of the
use
-that
statements
the
When
c, Exercise
akvo
it
The
^zr/ washed
8.
participleis directlyqualifyingit
estas
refers
refers to
ending here supports our previous
this frequently has
neutral
a
significance.
predicate,preceded by
La
used:
properly
always
adverbial
2ikvo=Jlozving'
fluanta
is
which
pronoun
some
fiuanta=772^
to
the
form
zvater
noun,
it is
When
zuater.
of
is
yet is
is
a
adjectival:
part of the
esti, it is adjectival:
JlGzvi7ig. When,
not
connected
with
ever,
howit in
Exercises
either
of these
it is
ways,
adverbial
purigas=(When) fioiving, water
^
For
used.
Per
^
*
to
See
for
see,
of
Observe
6e, Page
forms
are
the
to, for
^
One
day,
came
to her
give
her
cleanest
woman,
girl:
gift,continued
a
drink
say
flower
there
or
a
water
at
in the
[it]to
carried
the
that
conveniently, *When
beautiful, so good and
so
taken
to
young
shall
she
pitcher,in order
the
more
make
the
drew
good
quieted her thirst,she said
are
village woman,
politenessof this
you
holding
had
had
fairy,who
that she
girl. ^And
spring and
the
must
her
^**Very willingly,my
pitcher and
**You
spring, there
the
asked
who
her
woman
of.
or.
near
was
beautiful
honest, that I
poor
poor
could
woman
the good
a
she
all the time
woman,
the
when
place in
expressionoften
(Continued)
said the
washed
once
sin
akvo
15
Fairy
drink.
a
[woman],"
the
a
of
purpose
2iU=eitker
TRANSLATION
The
Fluante,
49.
of aii
use
:
^purifiesitself.
do, etc.,
in order
means
uses
to
107
a
you
herself
upon
see
gift'*(for this
how
the
great would
girl). ^'*I
make
fairy,'*thatat every
come
precious
out
stone."
form
of your
word
mouth
to
so
was
of
a
be the
you
a
which
either
\.
io8
EXERCISE
16
ci, thou,
uzi,
to
Book
Esperanto
America7i
anstataii,
tran6i,
use,
instead
of,
to cut,
ruso,
a
voki,
to call,
fardeno, a garden,
fidela,faithful,
vero,
truth,
vintro,
hejti, to
Russian,
forno,
heat,
il,suffix indicating
to cut \
^
tran6ilo,
a
legas*. ^Ci
ordinare
vi^, ^ Li
*
La
stove,
instrument
or
tranfii,
:
knife,
Mi
bino.
tool
wifiter,
skribas
(anstataiici
knabo, kaj "i
estas
tranCilo tranCas
bone,
Car
oni
uzas
kna-
estas
gi estas
akra.
*
^
Hi estas
Vi estas
infanoj.
homoj.
^
Kie^ estas la knaboj? * Hi estas en la
rusoj.
^^
"Hi
la knabinoj?
ankaii
Kie
estas
gardeno.
^^
la gardeno.
Kie estas la tranCiloj? ^^Hi
estas
en
^*
la tablo.
Mi
vokas
la knabon, kaj li
ku"as sur
^^
la knabinon,
Mi
vokas
venas.
kaj "i venas.
^'^
^^La infano
La
ploras, Car gi^ volas mangi.
^Ni
estas
infanoj ploras, Car ili volas
negentila.^ ^^Sinjoro,vi
vi estas
^^Sinjoroj,
negentilaj.
tre
^^En
venkas.
^*Kiam
oni estas
amikojn.
^^
fidela.
la
Oni"
vintro
riCa
^^
oni
(au ricaj)
hundo,
la
hejtas
vi
negentila.
Mia
diras, ke
oni
Knabo,
estas
estas
estas
^^
mangi.
vero
la
havas
vi
6iam
fornojn.
multajn^
109
Exercises
^"See
^
Kie
vin
gloro
present tense, page
either
have
may
Iru kie
atendas=6^o
to
unnecessary
30.
interrogatoryor relative sense
zuhere
glory zvaits thee.
an
reference
with
English, it (gi)is used
^'As in
when
of the
uses
"
as
has
only
does
English
translates the
Oni
ought, they
one
neutral
a
child,
a
specifysex.
significanceand
like mal, the direct opposite. Here, the sense
is not polite,
though not necessarilythat he is
^Ne
to
;
say,
etc.
mean,
is that the
boy
rude.
they in such
or
one
not
sentences
indicates (Sentence
the author
a
plural adjective if the sense
As
followed
be
by
24), it may
and
is
Oni
always nominative, its accusative
requiresthis.
sin
devas
Oni
gardi
possessivebeing reflexive, sin, sia :
watch
to
himself -with
ought
rilate sian reputacion= (9w^
his refutation.
res feet to
6, exercise
'See Note
12.
16
TRANSLATION
^I
reading.
am
^Thou
(thou)
"
we
knife
the
are
^^
^^
^^
^^
boy, and
comes
?
he
^^
comes.
The
^'^The children
the
lie upon
They
I
call
the
child cries because
cry,
because
they
the
are
Where
table.
^*
is
a
children.
are
*
He
well, for
cuts
"You
Where
Russians.
^They are
Where
'They are in the garden.
^^They also are in the garden.
knives?
^
(you).
vi
ordinarily use
*
boy, and she is a girl. The
^We
men.
are
it is sharp.
ci
instead of
writing
art
I
boys?
girls?
are
the
call
the
girl, and
it wants
wish
to
to
she
eat.
eat.
^^
Sir, you are impolite.
impolite.
^^
My dog, you are very
^^Sirs,you are impolite.
^^
faithful.
They say that truth always conquers.
^*
^^
When
one
In the winter they heat the stoves.
friends.
has many
is rich, one
^^
Boy,
you
are
The
no
American
Book
Esperanto
EXERCISE
17
insulti,to insult.
frue, early,
kial, why, wherefore,
longa, long,
perlo, pearl,
diamanto, diamond,
salti,
"ajni, to
nomi,
to
okazi,
sendi,
to
naiva,
dum,
pardoni,
to
forgive,
leap,jump,
to
granda, great, large,
miri,
see77i,
naive,
during, while,
to wonder,
name.
happen,
to send,
kapabla, capable.
^
Kiam
)
(Daiirigo
Feino
La
tiu 6i bela
knabino
patrino insultis^ "in, kial "i
"ke
felica knabino,
tri
"i
mi
restis
perloj kaj
tri
**^Kion mi vidasl"
diris
^"Sajnasal
kaj diamantoj
^(Tio
tiel malfrue
tiel
longe^."
parolis tiujn t\ vortojn, elsaltis^
rozoj,
miro.
revenis
"ia
domen,
de
^**Pardonu al mi, patrino," diris la mal-
la fonto.
kiam
venis
ei
^
!
estis
la
unua
filino). ^LamalfeliSa
Cion, kio okazis
"ia
mi, ke
De
tri
el "ia bu"o
el "ia bu"o
kun
fojo, ke
grandega
elsaltas
kio tio 6i venas,
al gi, kaj, dum
Kaj
grandaj diamantoj.
patrino
infano
^
perloj
mia
filino?"
"i nomis
"in sia
rakontis
al "i naive
"i parolis, elfalis el
Exercises
"ia bu"o
multego da
Marinjo, rigardu, kio
tian
de vi
trinki,vi
insult
would
writer
intends
dignityand
^Longe
of
word
you
a
sign
indicates
in the
the
this
is the
Kie
no
her
In
why.
to which
noun
the
longa tempo,
the
It is not
"accusative
it could
adjective is
to refer
proper
case,"
it is
as
to
seen
ending.
sign of
vi
Qstas?
question. 6u
the
=
vi
question,when
JVhere
la
en
no
you?
are
estas
other
Here,
domo?=^r^
house?
TRANSLATION
The
^When
virino petos
8.
in
as
it.
being
for direction.
have
may
indicates
tia
Exercise
c,
"6u {whether)
kie
the
express
direction
adverbs
that
iri al
nur
English
word, though obviouslythe
proper
humiliatinginvasion of the girl's
is adverbial, there
Note
of
devas
agrable
"feelings."
"^ Accusative
words
de via
al vi
malriSa
kaj kiam
filinon.
gin al "i gentile."
joined. If we say dum
course
properly used.
*^See
Vi
tiel,"
estas
la bu"o
estus
ijisulted
literally,
"
be
not
to
;
donos
"in kial
^Insultis
be
**Se
el
ne
^^
kapablon?
saman
Cerpi akvon
la fonto
eliras
"i parolas ; Su"
frafino, kiam
havi
*
diamantoj.
patrino, *^mi devas tien^ sendi mian
diris la
^^
1 1 1
Fairy
17
( Continued
this beautiful girlwent
insultinglyasked
)
home,
(insulted)her why
her mother
she
returned
The
112
late
so
said
from
the
the
when
from
her
large
diamonds.
in
she
(from
what)
^(This
was
three
roses,
three
^'*It
first
the
all
she
^The
number
great
*'l
mother,
the
^^Molly,
when
she
to
have
to
the
look
her
child
fell
send
of
it not
; would
capability?
to
of
politely."
you
draw
to
it
her
be
mouth
be
pleasing
^^You
need
drink,
and
you
when
will
a
said
so,"
sister's
your
lessly
art-
while
daughter
water,
[a]
of
her
her
and
her,
out
my
out
called
told
to
^**If
comes
same
-Spring
asks
woman
what
speaks
the
must
daughter?"
[had]
she
her
^Whence
my
happened
diamonds.
of
from
diamonds!
that
three
mother
her
that
me
thing,
[there]
said
!"
leaped
and
pearls
to
unhappy
[had]
that
speaking
was
time
long."
so
[there]
see
and
this
comes
I
seems
pearls
out
daughter).
her
to
words
do
mother/'
me,
staying
these
***What
leap
**for
girl,
wonder.
mouth
'Pardon
spoke
mouth
intense
^*
spring.
unhappy
^And
Book
Esperanto
American
there.
mouth
to
you
only
a
go
poor
give
it
The
114
iliajn(infanojn).'^Montru
amas
^^
veston.
li
^^
Mia
"i
^^
vi
Mi
jam
havas
pupon
;
Oni
mi
ne
^Mem
used
sia
with
mian
self in
the
si and
to
loves
beat
your
refer
sin
me,
pri
zorgas
pri si" kaj
zorgas
hodiaii
ilin
mia
en
^^
La
;
sense
gis ilia
sercu
nun
6ambro,
infano
kaj "i
serCis sian
gia
pupo.
amon.
unuan
of
and
personality,
to
"i
can
be
back
*Do
:
does
she
not
care
carefullyall sentences
using si,sia,
with the accompanying translations.
I do
but
him, but he
name.
pli,ol si
lin
personalpronouns.
herself. Examine
He
mem.
Capelon
TRANSLATION
^
sin
al la infano, kie ku"as
sin, comparing them
and
amas
niaj fratojeliris kun
forgesas facile sian
the
mem,
kaj akompanis
6ambro.
montris
means
"Here,
about
en
vin
Miaj fratoj havis
min
lavis
Mi
novan
amas
amas
ne
la vespermango
domo
^^
sin
^^
sia
vian.
lavis
homo
tute
el
gastoj
domo.
vi
tiel,kiel mi
"i
mem
gardas.
ne
gastojn ; post
la
pri
zorgas
sed
;
sin
tute
6iu
kaj
mem,
Mi
mem
mem^,
min
amas
vian
al mi
diris al Stefano, ke li
frato
^*
mi
Mi
sin
amas
mem,
^^
Book
Esperanto
American
ran
not
18
love
not
from
away
write
him.
me
such
*
I wished
^
me.
Tell
me
long letters*
Exercises
^
Come
to
belongs
house
is his
father
my
very
much.
myself,
I
take
takes
no
^^
I
its
One
doll
;
does
her
I
not
his
and
^^
easily
for
myself
and
went
house
with
the
child
child
forget
look
you
room
The
today
one's
and
was
where
first
and
guests
house.
for
she
yours.
washed
looking
its
;
of
out
(the guests')
now
she
guard
not
brothers
;
but
;
does
the
told
himself.
than
our
my
^^
showed
care
their
in
room.
more
brother
guests
hat
my
him
and
himself,
My
wife
I love
coat.
loves
for
theirs
love
had
to
myself
in
herself
^^
have
I washed
he
brothers
My
them
already
truth?
uncle,
also
new
herself
brothers')
(the
accompanied
^^
of
meal
evening
the
their
^^
I
;
your
I
as
all
all,
at
me
loves
her
Peter
much
himself.
at
care
herself
after
of
care
is my
He
Mr.
yourself,
he
that
Stephen
the
me
I will
^^
Show
loves
man
every
^^
very
love
you
*
brother.
^^
tell
you
him.
^
evening.
this
Will
to
children
love
^^
story.
a
you
The
my
house]
^
tell
^
[my
me
115
doll
love.
for
lay.
The
ii6
American
EXERCISE
murmuri,
to
Book
Esperanto
19
vazo,
77iurmur,
vase,
scarcely,
argento, silver.
princo, prince,
certa,
speciala, special,
opinio, opinion,
koleri,
servi,
apenau,
to be angry,
ending
ar,
suffix of collective
arbo,
tree \
babili,
to chatter
\
La
^'*Estus
a
la
iris,sed 6iam
venis
I"
^
"Mi
kiu estis
formon
tiu
or
inclination:
la filino malgentile,
volas
ke
vi tien
*Si prenis la plejbelan
en
la
unu
vestitan^,kiu eliris el la arbaro
estis
Stuparo,
patrino, *'kajiru tuj." ^La filino
al la fonto, "i vidis
(tio 6i
;
(Daurigo)
Feino
murmurante.
vazon,
step
talkative.
babilema,
**ke mi iru al la fonto
argentan
tendency
bele%" respondis
tre
iru^," diris
"tupo,
:
arbaro, forest,
showing
suffix
em,
serve,
mode.
verbs, conditional
of
us,
stairs ;
to
voxio.frog,
serpent,
serpento,
certain, sure,
sinjorinon, tre ri6e
kaj petisde "i trinki
feino, kiu prenis sur
sama
kaj vestojn
"i
logejo. ^Apenaii
de
princino,
por
sin la
vidi, kiel
Exercises
granda estos^ la malboneco
mi
**por doni
knabino,
alportisargentan
trinki al tin ti
akvon,
ke
Ce
ail
serpento
Be
used.
^
Mia
Ciu
opinio estas:
See
prenu
Vi
tute
ne
^^'*Bone,
faras al vi donacon,
diros, eliros el via bu"o
Note
understand
Exercise
c,
in
Vestitan, though
a
why
7, and
following
richly-dressed lady. If between
intervened
any
adverbial
the
Adverbial
form
of
the
See
substantive
is
form
P.
Ending,
subjunctiveclause.
is considered
belongs (sinjorinon),
there
*
doni
aii rano."
that you
sure
*
kolero.
sen
mi
vi
kiun
vorto,
^Certe, mi
trinki."
volas
tiel servema,
^Imperativemode
^
malgentila kaj fiera
trinki?
vi
sinjorino!
vi
knabino). ^**Cu
speciale por tio, por"
vazon
se
6i
"
vi estas
*
al
gentila, diris la feino
estas
Car
detiu
tien 6i," diris al "i la
venis
mem
117
Page
25.
34.
to which
it
directlyqualifying a very
the substantive and participle
be
esti, the participlewould
"
nominative.
^Estos
*See
instead
Note
of estus.
h. Exercise
The
^
**It would
rudely,
'*for
Note
^,
19
Fairy
( Continued
to
Exercise
14.
12.
TRANSLATION
be very
me
See
)
fine," replied the
(that
I
should)
daughter
go
to
the
Ii8
The
*
spring.''
had
silver
lady,
dress
the
badness
her
of
of
rude
the
'^Certainly,
that)
to
take
the
'**You
from
frog."
I
give
and
not
to
your
gift
that
mouth
lady
if
since
at
you
are
word
every
shall
come
^
!
form
be
would
said
drink?
a
you
My
wish
(for
opinion
to
fairy,
obliging,
either
a
is,
drink."
without
I
(shall)
you
the
that
was
especially
the
so
of
here,"
come
She
saw
the
great
you
said
polite,"
all
how
vase
this
yourself,
^^'*Well,
the
silver
drink
at
herself
girl, **to give
a
^
she
(this
I
most
out
came
see
went,
house.
drink
a
the
the
[when]
^"Did
proud
brought
a
the
upon
to
girl).
this
water
are
anger.
you
princess,
a
took
who
taken
had
who
*She
spring
for
her
daughter
in
dressed,
said
^The
was
the
asked
fairy,
and
that
vase
richly
very
and
same
time.
the
there,''
go
once!"
reached
scarcely
forest
to
all
to
you
at
go
Book
Esperanto
want
grumbling
beautiful
a
**I
**and
mother,
but
American
snake
make
say"
or
a
Exercises
119
EXERCISE
20
sidi, to sit,
silenti,
hieraii,yesterday.
renkonti,
saluti, greets salute,
sabato,
morgaii,
dimanCo,
tomorrow,
vendredo,
to meet.
Saturday,
Sunday,
lundo, Monday.
Friday,
viziti, to visit,
kuzo,
plezuro, pleasure,
cousin.
timi,
to fear,
horlogo, clock.
dormi, to sleep,
veki,
to wake,
scii,
to know,
to teach.
leciono, lesson,
instrui,
puni,
surda, deaf.
to
punish,
tu"i,
mute.
muta,
spegulo,
to touch.
kara, dear,
mirror.
ordoni, order^ command,
babili,
kandelo,
gaja,
danci,
candle.
morti,
to dance.
petoli, to
Russian
^
;
Rusujo,
to chatter.
gay,
glad.
to die,
be mischievous.
uj, suffix indicatingthat which
a
be silent,
to
Russia
;
contains
:
ruso,
cigarujo, cigar-case.
legas^,vi legas kaj li legas ; ni Siuj
^
Vi skribas, kaj la infanoj skribas ; ili tm\
legas.
^
Hieraii
mi renkontis
sidas silente kaj skribas.
*
Hodiaii
vian
filon, kaj li gentile salutis min.
mi
Nun
^Note
English
again
we
the
would
use
say
of the
am
simple verb,
reading.
legas,
where
in
The
I20
Avierica7i
Book
Esperanto
^
Hierau
sabato, kaj morgaii estos dimanCo.
estis vendredo,
lundo.
estos
kaj post-morgau
^Antau tri tagoj^mivizitis vian kuzon, kaj mia vizito
estas
^
faris^ al li plezuron.
Cu vi jam trovis vian
logon? ^Mi gin ankoraii
mian
laboron, mi
timas, ke mi gin
al li,li
jam^ ne
bone
sian
Kial
vi
^^
^^
mi
patrujo
^^
longa.
estas
al mi
?
6iam
^^
al li.
bone
uzu
Si
mi
lin
estus"
mi
estas
scius
punus.
surda
estas
tu"u
ne
la spegu^^
Li
honestaj I
al li,ke li
Ordonu
al mi
la vivon,
^^
danci.
volas
ne
mi
venis
lernanto
Cu vi
^^
Infano,
^*La
agrable^.
estas
la
"in, ke "i sendu
Petu
^^Ni estu^ gajaj,ni
ne
Se
instruanto
^^
for 1
pardonos
^^
babilu.
ne
^^
Karaj infanoj, estu
kaj
venu,
Iru
sed
^^Se li scius",ke mi
la
respondas
ne
Kiam
^^Se
lin vekis.
al mi.
lecionon,
aii muta?
lon !
mi
^
finos
mi
horlogon,
trovos.
feliSa.
6i, li tuj venus"
tie
^^
estus"
mi
sana,
mian
serCos
sed
dermis;
serCis ; kiam
ne
hor-
kandelon.
Car
la vivo
Morti
infano
pro
la
Sesas
ne
petoli.
^This
does
See
ago.
not
before
mean
three
usuallytranslated ^o make,
English use
give, analogous with our
''make
you a present."
such
can
to
do.
of mahe
Here,
when
it
means
we
say
translated
See
Bullen,
"Mr.
where
Note
in
c. Lesson
his
6.
Standard
sentence
should
Course
of Esperanto,
trates
carefully noted, as it illusin
fact that Esperanto always uses
the conditional
real condition
or
a
supposition(thatis, that the
"This
the
-us,
days
where
no
already, is used in this sentence
word
would
be required in English, and its significance
in these
best be understood
by a careful study of its uses
Jam,
Exercises.
says:
three
Antaii, Pp. 48, 49.
*^Fari is
^
days, but
be
The
122
American
Esperanto
EXERCISE
rimarki, remark,
nu
21
krii,to
notice
! well !
cry.
jes, yes,
kulpa, blameable,
ka"i,
to
rego, king,
6asi,
to hunt,
demandi,
ve
demand,
for the
pro,
sake
denotes
of,
to cry ;
sudden
ekkrii,
to cry
Apenau
*'Nu,mia
ho
! oh!
ho
ve
! alas!
"ia patrino "in rimarkis, "i kriis al
'*
ranon.
^**Ho,
6ielo!"
vidas?
*Sia fratino
mi
al "i por
tio 6i 1
malfeliCa
inf ano
plejproksima arbaro.
revenis
estas
de
'^
sola, kaj
pro
kio
kaj
patrino,
kulpa;
Kaj "i tuj kuris bati
kaj ka"is sin
en
filo de la rego, kiu
La
;
kaj, vidante, ke "i
"in, kion
t\
la
Cio estas
en
forkuris
6aso, "in renkontis
tiel bela, li demandis
ei tute
^
'*
serpenton
ekkriis
*'kion mi
La
"i:
^'*Jes,patrino, respondis al
filino?"
unu
"
krii,
(Datirigo).
malgentilulino^,
eljetanteunu
gin.
:
out.
"i la
pagos
action
momentary
Feino
La
*
or
hide, conceal,
sola, alone,
ask.
! woe!
ek
la
Book
ploras.
sinjoro,mia patrino forpelismin
"i faras^ tie
*^*Ho
el la domo."
ve,
Exercises
*In
this wofd
is
There
have
we
limit
no
is clear.
meaning
son-feminine
**Faras.
rude
This
time referred
the
word
to is
the
Scarcely had
cried to her
mother,"
out
See
The
the
mother,
blame
for
*And
she
from
a
her
met
ran
all alone,
***Alas,
sir,my
I
rude
30.
*
see?
to
ran
and
her
!"
and
for what
mother
drove
beat
who
she
for
this!"
^
her.
herself
in the
that she
was
(is)doing
was
from
The
returning
was
she
me
exclaimed
sister is to
her
observing
what
throwing
Her
hid
''The king's son,
her ; and
[when]
her
one,
I will pay
away
beautiful, he asked
here
Page
^
daughter?'* ^*'Yes,
the
do
immediately
hunt,
observed
frog. ^*'0h heaven
a
everything ;
forest.
nearest
Tense
21
**Well, my
:
**what
child
unhappy
so
and
offosit^-foUte-fer-
Present
mother
her
repliedto
snake
a
the
Fairy (Continued)
The
she
long as
so
present tense, although the
TRANSLATION
^
suffixes.
woman.
is in
past.
is
meaning
girlor
of two
of these
combination
Here,
a
"
first combination
our
the
to
123
was
the
crymg.
house."
preceding Exercises, reading aloud
the Esperanto text.
Learn
in Esperanto,
to think
grasping the idea from the Esperanto word, with
the ideas of the
no
thought of English, Memorize
vocabularies, not the definitions.
Review
the
The
124
Esperanto Book
American
EXERCISE
22
flui,to flow,
movi,
strato, street,
fall,to fall,
peki,
to sin,
intenci,
to intend,
levi, to lift,raise,
riproci,
to
meriti,
to merit,
mensogi,
pasi,
pass,
neniam,
to
to
neniu, nobody,
atendi,
savi,
mondo,
to
save,
lingvo, language,
pasero,
a
sparrow,
move,
reproach,
to tell
lie,
never,
to
wait, expect,
world,
grava,
important,
kapti,
to catch,
agio, eagle,
soldato, soldier,
jugi, to judge, try.
konduki,
aresti,
a
grave,
to conduct,
tra, through.
to arrest,
at, sign of present
passive participle
amate,
loved,
being
int, sign of the past active
participle
aminte,
having loved,
ont,
being
sign of
about
^
about
akvo
^
^
Kiam
passive participle
amote,
to be loved.
Fluanta
senmove.
participle: amonte,
to love,
ot, sign of future
being
active
future
estas
Promenante^
Nikodemo
batas
pli pura
ol
akvo
staranta
sur^ la strato, mi
Jozefon, tiam
falis.
Nikodemo
Exercises
la batanto^
estas
^Trovinte
homo
unufoja" mensoginto,
Adverbial
*
the
subject.
^Observe
^
See
homo
because
a
the
The
not
Exercise
li estas
has
ankorau
estas
directlyconnected
40.
not
unintentionally.
other
detached,
and
than
take
the
man
having
sinned
in
the
English,
were
participle
ending
facile
but
"
if kiu
But
adverbial
Dio
it modifies
because
estas, then
kiu, pekinte senintence, pentas,
zvho,
with
15.
Participle,Page
verb
a
nun
sur.
preposition
sinned
of
nur
:
Al
pardonas=
unintentionally, re^ent^t
readily pardons,
"
a
Literally,
referred
the
ripro6on ;
"
man
God
^La falinta
ripro6u vian amikon,
vi
because
pardonas.
directly an
-sinning
unintentionally
it is predicative,
kiu estas
being omitted ;
stand
homo
dum
Note/",
of
Ne
is adjectival
in form,
participle
subject
would
See
use
zuho
man
ending,
Substantival
"^This
^
meritas
pli multe
mem
facile
gin mangis.
povis sin levi.
ne
vi
mi
pomon,
Dio
*A1
batato.
la
estas
pekinta^senintence,
homo,
Car
kaj Jozefo
125
same
to has
one-time
told
sentence,
it refers
to
some
speaking tells him,
all-the-time
liar.
a
lie, therefore
with
who
past form,
the
is in the
mensoganto
one
The
j^erson-who-has-lied.
is
a
commendable
-into.
present form
general
liar ;
candor,
as
a
person
the
In
because
person
stilly nozv,
^
6iam
; la
revenos
^
^^Mono
filo.
^^
kaptita
Pasero
^^Li venis al mi
tute
jugi, estas
mia
estas
plej amata
ol havita.
grava,
pli bona,
la
^^En
lingvon
la estontan
pli
estas
estas
^*La soldatoj kondukis
oni devas
Augusto
havata
konas.
de la mondo.
vin, Savonto
mondo.
neniam
ankorau
neniu
lingvo '^Esperanto"ni vidas
de la tuta
^^
pasinta^jam
tempo
venontan
tempon
ni atendas
Venn,
la
La
mensoganto.
Book
Esperanto
America?!
The
126
ol
agio kaptota.
arestitojntra
^^
neatendite.
la
stratoj.
kiun
Homo,
jugoto.
Tempo pasinta=/'as^
meaning can be expressed:
has passed.
uuhich
kiu
estas
time.
pasinta= Time
Tempo
Time, having passed^
revenos=
Tempo, pasinte,jam neniam
'
will
This
return.
never
22
TRANSLATION
^
Flowing
still.
^
While
beater
and
pardons
^
Having
could
found
not
friend, for
Joseph,
is
Joseph
man
a
raise
you
than
standing
water
walking in the street, I fell. ^When
beats
Nicodemus
is purer
water
who
an
then
the
has
apple, I
himself.
yourself more
*God
beaten.
sinned
ate
^Do
is the
Nicodemus
it.
readily
unintentionally.
^
not
deserve
The
fallen
reproach
reproach
man
your
; he
Exercises
is
only once
a
liar.
*
a
The
future time
of
^^
"
world.
had
Money
has]
which
better than
to
they have
The
the
to
^^A
translations
of
observed
these
son.
[that
caught is
sparrow
^*
through the
try is the accused
has
beloved
most
quite unexpectedly.
student
language
language of the
eagle to be caught.
persons
await
important than
more
had.
been
an
me
is
the
;
we
^*^In the
Augustus is my
[now]
led the arrested
came
"Come,
future
the
see
always
return
never
world.
the
''Esperanto"we
whole
will
yet knows.
one
still,now,
are
you
time
past
no
Savior
you,
liar,while
127
'
^^
The
soldiers
^^
streets.
A
man
(personto
be
He
whom
tried).
that while sometimes
Exercises
follow
the
literallyas to make very poor
not
invariable; frequently the
translation follows the thought more
closelythan
The student will find fewer parenthetical
the text.
Esperanto text so
English, this is
and
explanations as he proceeds and will rely more
his own
more
perceptions to grasp the spirit
upon
and
styleof Esperanto.
The
laS
Esperanto Book
American
EXERCISE
kelke,
23
konsideri,
inda, worthy, valuable.
to consider,
doto, dowry,
palaco, palace.
(one's) own.
propra,
akcepti,
baldaii, soon.
if, to
become
:
pala, pale
La
La
regido, kiu
tia
vidis, ke
da
kis^ "in al
la
"in
kurinte
*
Sed
"ia
eliris
bu"o
diamantoj, petis "in,
^
venas.
Si rakontis
ol
indon,
pri "ia fratino ni
si ;
kaj
la
en
angulo
povas
ke "ia propra
6io,
knabino,
kiu
"in
volis
de arbaro.
diri,
patrino
malfeli6a
kaj trovinte neniun*
baldaii mortis
el
sia patro, la rego, kie li
de
tiel malaminda,
farigis^
forpelisde
53.
p.
pli grandan
havas
palaco
edzigisje "i.
ke "i
pale*
turn
doni dote al alia fraulino, forkondu-
oni povus
kion
angle.
^La regido konsideris,
aventuron.
kapablo
corner,
(pino)
ke "i diru al li,de kie tio 6i
al li sian tutan
accept.
palifi, to
;
Feino
kelke^ da perlojkaj kelke
ke
to
angulo,
je, indefinite preposition. See
*
adventure.
aventuro,
some,
multe
akcepti,
The
l3'o
American
EXERCISE
salono,
24
drawing-room,
of
sign
OS,
Book
Esperanto
future
verbs
of
tense
will
amos,
:
love.
^
li diras al mi
Nun
al mi
la
*Kiam
al mi
^
vi vidis nin
la
al mi
antatie
al mi
la
al mi
la
mi
la
^^
la
mi
al mi
Kiam
veron).
estu
patro
(au
mi
vi
venos
mi
al
la
se
diris
al mi, li
dirinta
al
mi,
li
lin, li dirus
eraron,
li estus
se
al mi
veron).
li
dirinta
diru al mi
diru
la
veron.
veron).
la
venos
venos,
venos,
la
antaiie
^^Mi
^^Mi volas, ke tio, kion
veron.
vera
mi
petus
farus
veron
dirinta
diri al vi la
diris,
la
la
antaiie
al
ol vi
mi
ne
^Kiam
mia
(aiiestu
veron
volas
^Mi
li diris
(atili estos
veron
veron). ^Se
veron).
veron.
la
antad^
aii
;
veron.
la
lijam
Kiam
veron.
diros al mi
antaiie" dirus
al
la salono,
^
la
veron
diros al mi
diradis^ al mi
6iam
en
Hieraii
veron.
(atili estis dirinta
veron
^Li diros
jam
Li
veron.
^
la
(aii
mi
volas
esti dirinta la
Exercises
^
continues
Antaii
^^
Observe
See
ol, before than.
Page
conditional, or
that the
49.
told
tells
he
Now
24
^
the truth.
me
*When
in the
us
saw
you
always
He
told
already (previously)
tell
the
me
will tell
would
me
tell
the mistake
^When
my
"
truth
the
me
I said be true
In
should
tell
review
the
(or, I
the
truth.
wish
wifh
the
will have
me
he
him,
he
to
ask
should
I should
me
he will
have
not
made
the
me
truth.
/" When
truth.
(previously)the
tell me
connection
I
^^
I wish
to have
conjugations
Imperative and Conditional
modes.
of
the
what
truth).
the
See
truth.
that
told the
this Exercise
had
will
He
me
come
you
truth.
he
^
(or he
previously told
if he had
tell you
If
*
the truth.
me
I shall come,
to
'^
truth).
the
father comes,
I wish
before
or,
;
the
me
to
come
truth
the
me
tells
the truth.
you
he
Yesterday
drawing-room
me
When
told
previously have
told
*
truth.
^
truth.
the
me
time.
no
antaiie.
TRANSLATION
^
has
mood,
-us
from
is inferred
the past tense
Here,
diradas,
to tell.
to say,
^
action ;
continued
ad, suffix of
Diri, to say;
131
student
Infinitive,
pp.
32-35.
The
132
American
EXERCISE
25
inviti,to invite.
sekvi, to follow*
komerci,
to
konstrui,
to construct.
"uldi,
oro,
to
owe.
trade,
gold,
ringo, ring.
lerta, skillful.
projekto, project.
fero, iron,
ingeniero, engineer.
vojo, road, way.
agi,
pastro,
act.
to
kameno,
fire-place.
kaldrono,
boli,
kettle.
made
a5, something
^
Mi
amata.
Mi
^
Vi estas
^^
cajo
estis
^^
^^
Li
^
^^
Vi
^^
volonte
Kiam
via domo
de
thing-,
Mi estos
*
amata.
lavita.
^^Estu
^*
invitota.
estas
ity
qual-
from fruit.
^
estis
Esti
*
Vi
lavita.
Li
estis
Li estus^ invitota.
^^
Esti invitota.
aSetita
longe
Estu
lavita.
invitota.
Li estos
old
an
made
the
estis amata.
^
estus^
estas
jam
Mi
lavita.
Vi
6iam
estas
surtuto
mi.
^^
invitota.
Estu
^
estus^ amata.
lavita.
invitota.
possessing
or
fruktajo, something
^
lavita.
^^Esti
court.
from
amata.
estas
amata.
estos
;
door.
old\ malnovajo,
malnova,
frukto, fruit
to boil.
pordo,
korto, yard,
of;
priest,pastor,
poto, pot.
steam,
vaporo,
^^
Book
Esperanto
aCetata^
Tiu
de
6i komermi.
^^La
mi, sekve
estis
konstruita.
gi apartenas al
konstruata, mia domo
^^
Mi
sciigas,ke
c^e
Exercises
^^
"uldoj de mia
la
nun
trankvila
Estu
^^
vi baldaii.
serCata,
projekto
la
konstruota
ke
Mia
de
estos
tuta
"uldo
ringo
pagataj
ne
estos
ingenieroj" tiu t\ fervojo
la
jaroj; sed mi
de du
mi.
de
pagita al
estus^ tiel longe
ka"ita de vi. ^^Laii
tiel lerte
estus
estas
pensas,
^^
pli ol tri jarojn*^.Honesta
konstruata
^^
honeste.
agas
ne
ora
la dauro
en
gi estos
homo
; mia
gi ne
se
filo
133
antau"
pastro, kiu mortis
La
(atiantau nelonga tempo), logis longe
^^
Cu hodiau^ estas varme
malvarme?
urbo.
au
nelonge
nia
^^
la kameno
Sur
el
kaldrono,
la
eliras vaporo
la
pordo,
*
The
iras
condition
a
in Sentence
Be
is
estus
where
^
is
passiveparticiple
The
action
^
by
word
This
accusative
"
2igo,
forget that
not
nelonge
Antaii
a
short
time
'Hodiafi,hieraii
Hence
noun
the
adverbial
careful
^Accusative
not
should
with
the
The
word
of the
source
a more
the
for locomotive
preciseterm,
Esperanto term
lokomotivfor
railway.
the
a
expressionusuallyused
for not
dum.
lo7ig
rece^itly.
and
morgaii
form
of
are
varme
not
direction.
nouns,
and
to speak
so
necessary
tago, la morgaiia tago.
to show
this is not
translate
to
the
devas=ow^7i/.
use
connected
form, when
is la hodiaiia
indicates
16
preposition is omitted
Here, the absent prepositionis
is the
ago,
and
10
engineer.
where
is used.
case
apud
VI, Page 15.
engineer is maSinisto, or
isto.
Fervojo {iron-zuay) is
^Do
akvo,
trovas
contingency, though
"
civil
means
4,
expressed
Rule
See
de.
;
la korton^.
sur
or
24.
duty
bolanta
trovas
in Sentences
of estus
of
sin
fenestro, kiu sin
la
; tra
fera kaldrono
potoj staras
kiu
en
la vaporo
use
presence
stated, as
by
inter du
en
of
but
malvarme.
adverbs,
The
today, tomorrow,
"^^^ American
134
25
TRANSLATION
^
*
I
I should
'^
loved.
have
been
will
been
have
^^
^^
*
been
"
'
loved.
Be
^^You
(past).
washed
Be
be
been
washed.
^*
(about) to
will be
To
had
You
is to be invited.
He
He
I shall be loved.
washed.
have
^^
to be invited.
'
].
washed.
be washed.
To
^
loved,
was
[if
^You
would
I
be loved
You
washed.
^^
^
loved.
am
Book
Esperanto
He
was
be invited.
(about) to be invited. ^'^ Be invited
^^This
(future). ^^To be (about) to be invited.
article (of commerce) is always willinglypurchased
be
would
He
^^
The
has
been
overcoat
bought by me
by me.
^^
When
house
consequently it belongs to me.
your
house
had already been built
was
being built, my
^^
I make
for a long time.
that from
[it] known
,
on
now
^^
Be
to
at
the
debts
ease
; my
^*
soon.
you
by
^^
two
but
lived
a
today?
hearth
the
not
long
time
(or,
in
steam
door, the
that
two
;
years.
warm
is
goes
^^
or
pots stands
through
steam
it will
city.
an
so
the
built in the
priestwho
our
be
me.
paid
long
cleverly hidden
so
^^
three
been
project of
be
to
is today
between
been
not
to the
The
kettle, in which
issues
the
^^
honestly.
acts
gold ring would
I think
than
more
paid by
have
railway is
years,
debt
be
will
According
you.
this
entire
My
will not
son
if it had
for
searched
of my
eers,
enginof
course
be
under
struction
con-
An
honest
man
died recently had
Is it
or
warm
cold?)
^^
On
cold
the
iron kettle ; from
(findsitself)boilingwater,
the
window,
into the
which
yard.
is
near
Exercises
135
EXERCISE
ekster,
26
vojagi, voyage
outside,
y
travel,
piedo, foot,
meti, to puty place,
benko, bench,
kanapo, sofa^ lounge,
muso,
mouse,
lito, bed,
super,
over^
above,
air.
aero,
kafo, coffee,
sukero, sugar,
teo, tea,
kremo,
cream,
interne,
within,
fianCo,
hirundo,
swallow,
trans,
betrothed
across,
chief,
rivero,
river,
estro,
atenta,
attentive.
kvankam,
dubi,
estimi,
to doubt,
fi! fie!
although,
to esteem,
abomeno,
"
person
abomination.
rapida, rapid, quick,
of
et, diminution
degree
or
malvarma,
:
ridi, to laugh\ rideti,
cool;
cold\ malvarmeta,
size
to smile.
^
Kie
vi iras?
flugas
^
vi estas?
en
flugas en
*Mi
Mi
iras
(=ti
^La
(=gi estas ekster la
gin). ^ Mi vojagas en
en
Hispanujon.
piedojn sur
^
benketo.
en
la
en
la Cambro
gi).
estas
la gardeno.
^La
gardenon.
estas
birdo
^
Kien
birdo
la 6ambro
en
flugas
en
kaj
la Cambron
Cambro
kaj flugas nun
en
^
Mi
Hispanujo.
vojagas
sidas sur
sego kaj tenas la
Mi
^"
Mi
metas
la
manon
sur
la
The
136
^^
tablon*.
liton, kaj
American
sub
El
gi
nun
sin
trovas^
teon
kun
^^
Super
^*Mi
kremo.
sen
^^
interne.
En
la
la tero
li donis
kafo
Anstatati
kaj li estas
al mi
staras
la salono
^^
La hirundo
kaj lia fiandno.
riveron, Car trans la rivero sin trovis
krom
flugistrans
la
li
^^
aliajhirundoj.
^^
estro.
kuris sub
muso
lalito.
sub
sukero^, sed
estis neniu
mia
la
kanapo
kuras
^^
la domo,
ekster
la
aero.
Book
Esperanto
Mi
tie 6i lafi la ordono
restas
Kiam
t^
li estis
de
li staris tutan
mi
^^
horon"
Li diras,ke mi estas
apud la fenestro.
^^
^^Li petas, ke mi estu* atenta.
Kvankam
atenta.
^^
Se vi
vi estas riCa, mi dubas, 6u^ vi estas feliCa.
^^Se li jam
scius, kiu li estas, vi lin pli estimus.
^*
venis, petu lin al mi.
''
kiel
Ha,
abomene
*
upon
I
^^
!
move
the
sign of
bele
table.
Exercise
the
it
preposition,
^
See
This
used
would
be
Ce
Note
vi=At
c,
your
Exercise
meaning,
he
asks
In
Esperanto the
that
uses
I be
in
instead
''
Fi, kiel
is
a
kaj
teon
the
in
as
of
of
placing it
carefullythis
16.
11,
all address
Sentence
to
the
similar
A
estas.
turn
29,
to.
6iuj
editor.
Without
preposition.
the
sukeron.
pronoun
thus
6e
:
Tni=At
my
house.
25.
English, has
attentive,
former
10,
oneself to,
kun
act
Note
here,
al, to address
Esperanto often
Jiouse.
'
is often
here, because
^Sukero
6, 8,
4,
al la redaktoro=Z^^
sin turnu
in the
table
of sin trovas
use
is sin turnu
form
vi faras I
tie Ci !
for direction.
n
in Sentences
This
25.
the
toward
Hence,
direction
^Observe
de
For
1 kion
Nu, iru pli rapide !
hand
my
''
!
Dio
Ho,
is
or
he
two
asks
forms
me
invariablyused.
of
to
expression
"
be
attefitive.
The
138
American
Esperanto
EXERCISE
artikolo, article.
objekto, object.
kompreni, understandt
polo, Pole,
vokalo, vowel,
Book
27
tiam, then,
tia, such^ such a
ekzemplo, example,
necesa,
necessary,
pvG'pozicio,preposition,
to compound,
kunmeti,
simpla, simple,
radiko, root,
ligi,to bind,
soni, to sound,
klara, clear,
postuli, claim, require, gramatiko, grammar,
nacio, nation,
diversa, diverse,various
aboni, to subscribe,
"ipo, ship,
to eat breakfast,
matenmangi,
^
La
las pri
estas
artikolo
personoj aii
tia
sama
tiam^, kiam ni paro^
Cia uzado
objektoj konataj.
la estas
kiel
la
en
uzata
aliajlingvoj. ^La
sonoj,
per-
kiuj^ne komprenas la uzadon de la artikolo
(ekzemplerusoj au poloj, kiuj ne scias alian lingkrom
sia propra) povas
la unua
von
en
tempo tute
,
ne
uzi
la artikolon, Car
*
necesa,
Anstataii
^i
estas
la oni povas
oportuna
ankaii
sed
ne
diri l\ (sed
prepozicio, kiu finigas per vokalo).
^
Vortoj kunmetitaj estas kreataj per simpla kunordinare
la purajn
ligado de vortoj ; one
prenas
la klareco postuau
radikojn, sed, se la bonsoneco
ankau
las, oni povas
preni la tutan vorton, t. e.,
kune
la radikon
kun
gia gramatika fini^o. ^Ekzemploj : skribtablo aii skribotablo (tablo,sur kiu
oni skribas); internacia (=kiu estas inter diversaj
(de la tuta mondo); unutaga
nacioj);tutmonda
nur
post
Exercises
1
39
(kiu daiiras unu
tagon); unuataga (kiu estas en
la unua
tago); vapor"ipo (="ipo, kiu sin movas
vaporo);matenmangi, tagmangi, vespermangi;
per
abonpago (=pago por la abono),
*
we
use
Tiam
^
one
this
Observe
alone, and
zuhen
is
kiam
that
Note
of tiam
use
^\2Xi\=^then
frequentlyin Esperanto simplykiam.
emphatic.
more
kiuj is plural because
it
than
represents more
person.
*
the
^
^
languages.
of
use
Poles
who
their
own),
article
the
do
we
not
at
may
also
can
which
formed
ends
Its
when
know
same
(for example
another
not
use
demands,
we
as
in the
understand
Russians
or
language beside
the
article at all,
^Instead
necessary.
(but only after a preposition
^
vowel). Compound words
a
by simple junction of words
take the pure
persons
/'
say
with
speak of
do not
who
first not
but
we
is the
use
Persons
for it is convenient
of la
27
article la is used
The
things known.
other
are
English
definite and
TRANSLATION
or
In
zvhen.
roots, but
can
if
also take
;
we
euphony
or
the whole
erally
gen-
ness
clearword
;
together with its grammatical ending :
*
Examples : skribtablo, or skribotablo, a table on
writes ; internacia, that which
exists
which
one
between
various
nations ; tutmonda, of
or
among
^
world ; unutaga, lasting one
the whole
taga,
day ; unuaof the first day ; vaporsipo, a ship which
moves
by steam ; matenmangi, tagman^z,
vespermanii, to breakfast, to dine, to eat supper
; abonfor subscription.
pago, payment
i. e., the root
The
I40
American
EXERCISE
iam,
at
time^
any
akuzativo,
to
esprimi,
to
celi, to
ia, any
28
nominativo,
ever
kauzo,
depend,
aim,
dis'
of.
dissemi,
^
no
as
same
veturi,
nek.
way,
Se
si
ni
de
tiel
ni ankau
same
denon,
(=en
sur
**tablon"
tiu
nek,
neither,
:
semi,
ni
volas
,
nor
sow\
tie dependas
tie 6i
*
nur
de la
ne
al la vorton
tien
(=al
por
la finon n\
tiu
loko);
*la birdo flugisen la gar-
kaj la vortoj '^Jardenon,'*
en
akuzativo
ne
Car
la prepozicioj
'*en'^ kaj '*sur*'tion Si postulas, sed
Car
,
post prepoziciouzas
loko),
diras
la tablon,"
staras
.
aliajkaiizoj. ^Ekzemple:
esprimi direkton, ni aldonas
tie
,
postulas Ciam
mem
iam
la akuzativo
prepozicio,sed
journey, travel
broadcast^ disseminate.
^
la nominativon.
.
English prefixdis
the
to scatter
la akuzativon,
to
dekstra, right-hand,
Ciujprepoziciojper
sekve:
direct,
egala, equal,
kind
in
cause,
direkti, to
express,
flanko, side,
neniel,
nominative,
tie, there,
accusative
dependi,
Book
Esperanto
esprimi direkton,
t. e.
nur
montri, ke la
Exercises
birdo
sin
ne
trovis
141
antaiie
de alia loko
flugis, sed
ke
gi
al la tablo
(ni
volas
estis la loko
de la
ne
de la
flugado);en tiajokazoj
mi
hodiau
^
dome.
Jam
tempo
konas
neniun
en
finigon
^
Mi
(au
'^
mi
^^
iris dek-
Mi neniel povas
nek
lin,
lin, nek lian
renkontis
ne
Ni
^Flanken, sinjoro!
tin t\ urbo.
mi
restos
iri domen.
kompreni, kion vi parolas. ^^Mi renkontis
nek^ lian fraton
n
*Morgau
ne.
Parizon).
kaj li iris maldekstren.
stren
Mi
estas
aii
la celo
nur
la
uzas
diversajn flankojn:
disigiskaj iris en
*
(aiien
Parizon
veturos
ni
prepozicio starus
ia
gardeno kaj la
la
flugado, sed
tablo
tute^ egale Su
flugisal la gardeno,
ke
montri
gardeno kaj tie
la
en
fraton).
*Egale
is here
*^Note nek
form,
used
where
would
one
nek, translated
nor.
A
though practicallyobsolete, is
sometimes
used
voice
nor
All
use
"
For
in
lish:
Eng-
28
prepositions,in themselves, always require
the nominative.
depends
similar
sound.
TRANSLATION
only
same.
w^zVA^r
nor
^
expect
not
the
on
example,
^
If
we
accusative,
the
the
preposition,but
to express
after
ever,
a
sition,
prepo-
accusative
there
on
other
direction,we
add
causes.
to the
The
142
word
the
Hen,
ending
that
to
flew
bird
in
previously
it
that
flew
table
goal
of
accusative
there
I shall
time
to
different
went
one
to
in
what
brother
you
just
the
*
remain
in
the
left,
this
are
(or,
I
;
^
^^
saying.
did
not
one
I
^^
^
the
garden
nor
only
the
use
to
It
is
Paris.
already
right
and
way
him,
the
went
in
neither
but
garden,
and
sir !
no
the
go
side,
I met
meet
shall
separated
can
not
was
preposition
any
to
**on"
express
we
today,
went
To
city.
I
house
'^We
directions
the
whether
I
sative
accu-
flying, but
cases
the
there,
that
the
such
Tomorrow
home,
go
of
place
same,
not.
into
show
to
flight); in
the
or
wish
the
to
about
place
and
bird
the
**the
and
wish
flew
and
the
not
were
*'in"
we
place:
say
in
stand
here
another
(we
table
the
upon
table";
that
garden
from
the
upon
show
to
the
also
because
only
e.,
we
prepositions
the
but
i.
direction;
^
similarly,
garden,
because
this,
require
is
the
tie^ in that
consequently,
\
place;
into
not
the
n
Book
Esperanto
**garden," **table,"
words
and
American
^
I know
in
he
no
understand
him
his
nor
his
brother).
Exercises
143
EXERCISE
29
p
senco,
komuna,
sense,
common.
ebla, possible,
ofte, often,
ridi,
latest,
lasta, /^i"/,
laugh,
/^
sigh, long for, regulo, rule,
sopiri,
to
verbo,
verb,
obei,
permesi,
^
Se
montras
uzi la
ni bezonas^
to
to
obey,
permit^ allow,
ne
kaj la senco
prepozicion,
al ni, kian prepozicion uzi, tiam ni povas
^
Sed
bone
estas
komunan
prepozicionje,
je kiel eble
uzi la vorton
la vorto
uzi
je ni
ankaii
povas
^
pli^malofte.
uzi
la
Anstataii
akuzativon
sen
*
prepozicio. Mi ridas je lia naiveco ( aii mi ridas
ridas lian naivecon)
lia naiveco, a\i : mi
pro
^
Je la lasta fojo mi vidis lin 6e vi (au : la lastan
fojon).
^
nokton.
tagojn kaj unu
^
Mi sopiras je mia perdita feliSo (aii:
mian perditan
feliCon), ^ El la dirita regulo sekvas, ke se ni pri
tivon
ia verbo
ne
scias,6u gi postulas post si la akuza(t. e. 6u gi estas aktiva) aii ne, ni povas
*
Note
veturis
indicative mode
is not
** Another
Kiel eble
Mi
a
matter
du
of doubt.
See
Note
peculiar Esperanto form,
plej frue, kiel
The
followingse.
eble
plej bone,
e.
very
need
of
Exercise
a
sition
prepo-
20.
frequentlyused
kiel eble
plej multe.
:
^"^^ American
144
Ciam
Esperanto
Book
^Ekzemple,
uzi la akuzativon.
ni povas
diri
*'obei al la patro" kaj **obei la patron" (anstataii
**obei je la patro"). ^^Sedni ne uzas
la akuzativon
tiam, kiam
mesas
la klareco
ekzemple
;
ni
:
la
tion
senco
diri
povas
6i
malper-
'*pardonial
kaj '*pardonila malamikon,"
malamiko"
devas
de
Ciam
'*pardonial
diri
la malamiko
sed
la
ni
lian kul-
pon."
TRANSLATION
*
If
does
not
can
use
well
^
need
we
to
Instead
show
that
word
je
je
we
The
time
last
seldom
as
also
can
preposition.
a
^
preposition je.
I
*
I
saw
use
laugh
him
as
But
possible.
the
at
at your
it is
tive
accusa-
his
plicity.
sim-
house.
'^
I sigh for
days and one
night.
^
lost happiness.
the said rule it follows
From
do
know
not
if, concerning any
verb, we
whether
(i.e.
use
preposition and the sense
preposition to use, then we
word
the
of the
I travelled
my
a
common
use
^
use
what
us
the
without
^
to
j
29
two
or
it
not
whether
requires the accusative
not
or
the accusative.
obey
'to' the
father"
^*^Butwe
do not
of
forbids
sense
it is
^
use
and
this ; for
'to'the enemy"
but
should
his fault."
For
example,
"to
the accusative
pardon
we
transitive)
we
always
and
say
can
after it
always
**to
say
we
can
obey
the
when
the clearness
example,
we
can
father,"
say
"to
"to pardon the enemy";
"to pardon to the enemy
The
146
literon
la
ante
prefikson
la
ni ricevas
nen
nenia, nenial, neniam,
ti ni ricevas
al
proksima
^Aldonante
sime.
kiam
kiom
ajn,
tiu
ti
Mel
tie ti
fari
tie,prok-
ti
au
kies
ajn,
tio el la
Ekster
kiu ajn,
; ekzem-
(aii ti tiu) pli
vortoj demandaj
aj'n, kie ajn,
ankorafi
povas
al la
vortoj montraj la
vortojn sendiferencajn:
ajn ni ricevas
ajny
vortojn neajn :
la
tie, malproksime,
;
^Aldon-
pli proksiman
montron
tiu, pli malproksima,
ple :
:
nenie, neniel, nenies, nenio,
^Aldonante
neniom, neniu,
vorton
vortojn komunajn
ricevas
tie, tieI, ties,tio,tiom, tiu,
^ia, tial,Ham,
ante
ni
^
Book
Esperanto
American
la vorton
kial
kia ajn,
ajn,
kio
ajn,
diritajvortoj ni
aliajn vortojn, per
helpo
de
gramatikaj finigojkaj aliajvortoj (sufiksoj)
; ekzemple
tiamulo, k.
what
here
added
is the
Tia
for the
In this sense,
followed
of
less
a
by
a
as
purpose
in
the
With
kind.
student
pp. 70-73.
should
A
review
few
tions
explana-
:
demonstrative
Also, it is used
used
Words,
is said of Correlative
are
such
this lesson, the
with
tiea, ti-tiea,tieulo,
tiel plu).
(=kaj
t. p.
connection
In
kioma,
tiama,
tiama,
:
of
translated that,
quality,
relative, kia, it translates
article, in the
demonstrative
giving added
definite
it loses
kiel, the
sense.
its
force, just as
(See
Note
unu
a.
such
sense
of
manner.
In
a,
as.
of the
is
similarly
Exercise
11).
significanceof quality,and
relative
such
may
Exercise
be
27,
Exercises
Sentence
tia
means
here
we
have
the.
But
2,
being as
good
tia
and
as,
used
Kio
wish
to
biTdo=
the
use
6iu
each,
means
or
6iam, 6ie,6iel,6iom,
this series express
lu
etc.
does
but
every,
and
the
to
kind, for
somehow,
some
from
^
to them
and
pronouns
relative words
where, how, whose,
such,
nine
add
what
the letter /
we
therefore, then,
of
words
otherwise
where,
some-
something,
some
words
shown
for himself
adverbs.
letter
:
time,
we
thoroughly, because
make
[as a prefix]the
or
we
The
can
everyone
series of other
If
"
do
as
plurals,6iuj,kiuj,
some
reason,
[the student] to learn
them
not
la
30
somebody's,
quantity, somebody.
advise
when
express
TRANSLATION
Some
four
we
:
say
all,
mean
other
but refer,
individuality,
Hence,
specified,to persons.
tiujare the correct forms.
^
not
if
But
as
bird.
of
are
thing itself.
the
modifying words, we
6iujbirdoj=^// birds.
correlatives
kind
Any
objects and
Nothing.
is thai?
sense
kick
tiel bona
form
indicate
They
Nenio=?^Aa/
tio?
estas
kiel,the
tia bona
all refer to
These
modifying words,
as
say
the correct
Id, tio,kio, 6io, nenio.
not
not
must
because
is correct,
kiel, which
sama
we
147
what
k^
we
^If
a
large
we
add
obtain
rogative
inter-
kind, why, when,
(thing),how
much,
get demonstrative
whp.
words
:
there, thus, that person's,
The
148
that
that,
much,
the
prefix
for
no
reason,
nothing,
words
for
proximity
;
//V, there,
tie
words
example
make
words
we
of
grammatical
the
;
then),
there
of
that
can
for
being
time.
and
how
present,
a
there,
these
the
help
fixes)
(suf-
words
(existing
contemporaneous
much,
:
ever
what-
with
other
;
whenever,
this, from
words,
this
words
whatever,
other
endings
^/,
of
interrogative
reason,
^Besides
example:
eternal,
or
whatever
still
meaning
tin
the
strative
demon-
indifferent
get
we
whoever.
quantity,
to
such,
one's,
the
a
that,
whosesoever,
however,
wherever,
tiu,
:
ajh,
of, for
kind
whatever
obtain
we
^Adding
^/, here.
word
the
^/,
for
Adding
no
to
t
way,
no
:
nohow,
'Adding
word
the
every
words
nowhere,
nobody.
none,
in
everyone.
negative
never,
kind,
"
all,
obtain
we
letter
the
every
everywhere,
everything,
nen,
and
each
:
always,
everybody's,
^Adding
person.
words
reason,
every
Book
Esperanto
that
collective
get
we
American
a
contemporary
living
person
or
person
Exercises
1
EXERCISE
31
fermi,
to shut.
animo,
soul.
huinor,
humoro,
korpo, body.
kontrakti, to
bruli, to
plenumi,
contract.
ligno,
burn.
to
material.
bastono,
tegmento,
roof.
funto, pound.
color.
stick.
above, upper.
supre,
telero, plate.
tero, earth.
kesto, chest, box.
lipo, lip^
griza, gray.
haro,
hair.
cheek.
vango,
ist,
person
fulfilL
wood.
materialo,
koloro,
49
occupied with
:
maro,
sea\
maristo,
sailor.
*
Lia
kolera
fermis
nun
estas
longe daflris.
^Li koleras
kolero
humoro.
kolere la
malviva.
senmorta.
pordon.
^La korpo
'^
Li
^
Li estas
hodiaii
kaj insultas.
Lia filo mortis kaj
estas
estas
*
^
morta,
morte
la
malsana,
en
*
Li
estas
animo
li ne
Li parolas,kaj lia parole
pli,ol unu
tagon.
^
fluas dolCe kaj agrable.
Ni
faris la kontrakton
^^
Li estas bona parolanto.
ne
skribe, sed parole.
^^Starante ekstere, li povis vidi nur
la eksteran
^^Li lojas ekster la urbo.
flankon de nia domo.
^^
La ekstero de tiu Ci homo
estas
pli bona, ol lia
"Li tuj faris, kion mi volis, kaj mi
interno.
vivos
The
I50
dankis
^^
American
lin por
Kia
la
bona
brula
ku"is
en
li donis
kio
la forno, estas
al vi
^^
brulas ?
*^
materialo.
La
mia
de
tuja plenumo
brulo !
granda
Book
Esperanto
deziro.
Ligno
estas
kiu
bastono,
fera
^^Cu
brule^ varmega.
nun
jesan respondon,
^^Li eliris
ati nean?
el^ la dormoeambro
kaj eniris en la mangoCambron.
La birdo ne forflugis; gi nur
deflugisde la arbo,
la tegmenton.
alflugisal la domo kaj surflugis sur
^^Por Ciu aCetita funto da teo tiu 6i komercisto
^^
aldonas
oni
funton
senpage
devas
da
tralegi, sed
ne
^^
sukero.
Lernolibron
^^Li portas
tralerni.
rozkoloran^
superveston
kaj teleroforman
^*En
skribotablo
sin
mia
trovas
^^Liajlipharojestas pli grizaj,ol
Sentences
*In
15, 16, 17,
in
designed to
used
as
a
with
show
noun,
of affixes
use
the
measure
and
Exercise
it would
"
may
but he
will
add
may
the
adverbial
be
ciples
partiforms,
possibleby
Esperantistto
alflugisal,surflugis sur.
soon
"catch
the
number
a
at first find it
this,he will search
are
To
root
are
See
Note
8.
student
which
sentences
Esperanto
puzzle the expert
of expression.
possiblerange
lesson contains
^This
an
facility
These
degrees of meaning made
^Eliris el,deflugisde,
t,
tirkestoj.
liajvangharoj.
verb or adverb.
adjective,
adjectival,substantival and
the variations
with
what
kvar
kolero, kolera, koleras, kolere;
brulo, brulas,brula, brule.
in their
the
i, 2, 3, 4,
Capelon.
of
difficultto
the
The
compound words.
these at sight,
distinguish
spirit"of Esperanto.
vocabularies
only simple combinations.
in vain for
Failing in
seeming
roots
Exercises
151
TRANSLATION
*
door
the
^
lifeless.
now
^
immortal.
than
flows
sweetly and
one
in
not
outside
the
and
him
thanked
I
^^
desire.
my
burning?
^^Wood
^^
rod
The
iron
did at
for
the
fly away
the
;
house
the
it
which
but
to
gown
table
than
learn
and
are
He
live
this
what
^^
four drawers.
The
from
roof.
the
is
better
I
wished,
What
is
material.
He
^^
free
to
wears
His
tree, flew
^^For every
not
hat.
bed-room
bird did not
the
adds
ought
^'
only
fulfillment
of the
out
dealer
one
good
a
outside
immediate
went
mortar-board
his whiskers.
is
lay in the furnace is now
give you an affirmative or
the
through.
a
he
lit upon
^^A text-book
sugar.
see
man
once
dining-room.
of tea purchased,
could
a
only flew down
and
is
big blaze !
is good
burning
^^
entered
soul
not
He
lives
this
of
What
he
He
He
Did
burning hot.
^^
a negative reply?
and
^^
exterior
^*
^^
verbally.
house.
our
is
speaks and his speech
tract
agreeably. ^We made the con-
his interior.
than
of
of
the
and
He
Standing outside,
^^The
city.
^
writing, but
"
speaker.
died
son
mortally ill, he will
day.
more
His
today in
is insulting.
is mortal,
body
is
He
^
angrily.
is
He
and
is angry
He
The
^
long time.
a
^
mood.
shut
He
lasted
anger
angry
an
*
His
31
a
^*
to
pound
pound of
read through,
a
rose-colored
In my
mustache
writingis grayer
The
152
American
EXERCISE
32
okupi,
theater,
teatro,
maniero,
Book
Esperanto
to
occupy,
melianiko, mechanics,
manner,
Iiemio, chemistry,
diplomatic, diplomacy,
fiziko, physics,
science,
glaso, glaso.
drapo, cloth,
nigra, black,
signifi, to signify,
bordo, shore,
ovo,
egg,
maro,
lando, land, country,
najbaro, neighbor,
autumn,
autuno,
suferi,
to
suffer,
mezuri,
^
Teatramanto
baldaii
hemio,
estas
^
estas
kiun
oni
Kiu
uzas
por
je vino.
je
oni povas
Diplomatiiston
sed
fizikiston oni
fiziko estas
la
en
kiu
antaiie
da
vino
^
mi
metron
al
povas
^
kaj mi
Glaso
sin trovis vino,
vino ; glaso
Alportu
ne
de la scienco
nomo
fotografisto fotografis min,
glaso,
sin
okupas
fotografajon al mia patro.
mian
vino
kaj ricevas*
mehanikisto, kaj kiu okupas sin je
diplomato,
*La
mem.
sendis
measure.
ofte vizitas la teatron
hemiisto.
fiziko. Car
nomi
plena
estas
nomi
ankau
to
teatrajn manierojn.
mehaniko,
crowd,
amaso,
sea,
science,
estas
da
de
au
glaso
nigra
^A
diplomat
wine,
cloth
which
lay
'I
is
(^metro
de
ten
eggs.
^
long.
kilometers
^^
crowd
people.
of
countries.
warmer
^^Some
birds.
witness
the
sufferings
of
shows
sat
that
only
this
a
their
word
people.
few
has
a
meter
of
tree
sense
of
cloth).
sea
stood
the
autumn
were
they
^^In
after
measure.
a
many
when
neighbors.
Da
(^dd)
hundred
two
fly in
vino
meter
a
for
the
of
^*
room
da
happiest
feel
people
glaso
is
the
Upon
previously
used
river
birds
father.
mean
is
shore
Many
"
to
a
would
This
the
On
;
me
which
or
*
bought
Bring
drapo
cloth,
the
on
*
wine.
of
of
name
my
was
wine
for
uses
the
to
which
in
physician
photogaphed
photographer
glass
a
chemist.
a
a
jfiziko is
photograph
one
full
black
The
my
which
or
glass
a
sent
vino
de
Glaso
is
I
and
me
*
itself.
science
the
is
but
diplomato,
because
fiziko,
call
cannot
we
call
can
we
he
and
mechanic,
a
chemistry
with
himself
occupies
who
is
mechanics
with
pies himself
Book
Esperanto
American
"^^^
154
a
the
word
Exercises
EXERCISE
33
kreski,
middle,
mezo,
155
to grow.
dika, thick,fat,
larga,
broad,
lumo,
mola,
soft,
senti,
to
light,
turmenti,
beni,
to torment,
to bless,
rekta, straight.
kredi,
to believe,
monto,
mountain,
nobla,
noble.
knrba,
curved,
renversi,
malgranda
ankaii
estas
mother
\ bo-
granda, sed
li
estas
^
kiel
*
sense
^
"tono.
not
de
ne
estas
povas
tre
ke ni nenion
^Tiu 6i malfre"a
iiazo.
Dika,
li
Haro
estis tiel malluma,
:
; li estas
dika^, ke
tiel
larga pordo.
nia
estas
ne
Malbonaj
usually translated
often
is stout, while
thus
a
ox
patrino,
bo, relative by marriage
patrino, mother-in-law.
frato
upset,
grandson,
nepo,
duonpatro, stepfather, bovo,
Mia
to
kampo, field,
koko, cock, chicken,
^
feel,
meza
and
*
maldika.
povis vidi
pano
here
estas
Li
La
nokto
e6 antaii
malmola,
turmenti
amas
means
expressed in English.
popular
^
kresko.
trairi tra nia mal-
infanoj
thick,
ne
thick
Careful
expressive Americanism
in
a
English
isfat.
The
156
American
bestojn."^Lisentis sin
la tagon,
tiel malfelica, ke li malbenis
^
kiu li estis naskita.
en
^La
^^
^^
venis
Malamiko
^^
knabino.
vian
vidis
^^
tino.
an
^^
The
havas
use
meaning
verb
^'Ne
over
similar
here, and
the difference
*^
tutan
laboron.
bovon
the
Denove
not
between
is
koko
staras
estas
la
bela
tre
^^
virino.
Mi
"iaj kvar nepinoj kaj kun
bofra-
mia
estas
^^Lajuna
kaj bovinon.
fianCino.
to
intensity
English
to, but not
dearly love, fiercelyhate,
"
tiel mal-
bona
duonpatrino
of forte to lend
improvement
of
Lia
fratino
estas
kun
avinon
farigisdenove
vidvino
^
Mi
Mia
onklino
Mia
nevino.
mia
^^
kokinoj.
tri
kun
kampon.
patrino kaj
mia
patro estas
la
supre
Oni
miaj infanoj. ^^Sur la korto
de
avino
mia
de
edzino
La
^*
malbonigis mian
mi
staras
sur
landon.
nian
en
pli
estas
malrekte,
staras
kaj rigardas malsupren
la monto
helpis al mi, ke
^^
tablo
frato
mia
vojo
Rekta
renversigos. ^^Li
baldau
kaj kredeble
sur
^^La
ol kurba.
mallonga,
fenestro
sed
mi gin fermis,
longe estis nefermita*^;
tuj gin denove^ malfermis.
forte^ mal-
Mi
homon.
tiun t\ malnoblan
estimas
Book
Esperanto
mal.
frequently used
of
from
adverbs
think,
roots
with, that of the
synonomous
etc.
student
The
opened
use
is,we
verb
the
and
for
not
will
readilygrasp
closed.
again.
It
means
anew.
Exercises
1
TRANSLATION
*
brother
My
is not
he is of medium
cannot
*The
fine.
very
nothing,
see
bread
is
cursed
the
day
our
'^
which
on
; I closed
open
^^
opened it anew.
a
"
curved
*
and,
above
hindered
^^An
^
girl.
and
^*
My
niece.
law
widow
^^
I have
became
^^
is
aunt
with
^^
His
an
ox
again
In
a
the
good
her
a
and
a
fiancee.
mother
grand-
stands
very
a
tiful
beauI
saw
granddaughters
sister-in-
is my
^^
cow.
They
work.
the
yard
He
below
^*
"
four
a
^^
looks
woman.
stepmother
and
than
crookedly
whole
sister is
My
shorter
land.
my
mother,
^^
hens.
grandmother
my
spoiled
is my
was
immediately
and
our
he
intensely
be upset.
soon
entered
I
like to
that
I
stands
mountain
children.
three
brother
table
enemy
father's wife
with
your
The
stale
window
The
person.
straightroad is
A
This
*
is
could
we
unhappy
born.
my
hair
children
so
was
it,but
that
so
me
of my
cock
^Bad
he
the
upon
the field.
^^My
^
will
'understandably",
stands
on
one.
that
nose.
our
felt
He
dark
so
he
that
^A
door.
was
short ;
not
stout
so
narrow
stone.
as
despise this ignoble
long
^He is
before
even
animals.
torment
tall,but he is also
night
hard
as
33
growth.
through
pass
57
The
young
The
158
Esj^eranto Book
American
EXERCISE
34
po"-o, pocket.
viando, meat,
korko, cork,
"topi, to stop up,
kombi, to comb,
tiri,
draw, pull, drag-
to
botelo, bottle,
somero,
summer,
gliti,to
skate,
frosto, frost,
vetero,
weather,
haki,
fosi, to dig,
segi, to saw,
kudri, to sew.
tondi,
sonori,
fajfi,to
inko,
to
ring-,
tuko,
wide,
vasta,
pa"ti,
to
German,
herbo,
vast,
gi
la
per
po"an
tranCilon.
la
wool,
estis tiel malakra,
tran^i
malStopi
grass
bruto, brute
pasture,
tranCilo
however,
tamen,
lano,
precipe, principally,
"afo, sheep
^La
Spaniard,
hispano,
"tupo, step,
a
fight,
war,
kruta, steep,
brave,
germano,
brandy
militi, to
cloth,
brava,
whistle
brando,
absord, sip,
to
clip,shear,
to
sablo, sand,
ink,
sorbi,
hew, chop,
to
viandon,
kaj
^Cu vi
havas
botelon?
^
Mi
mi
volis
ke mi
ne
devis
povis
uzi mian
korktirilon, por
"losi
la
pordon,
Exercises
harojn
per
glitveturilo. ^Hodiaii
tial mi
prenos
hakilo
ni
hakas,
skribilaro
bela
estas
ni kudras, per
konsistas
^^
kaj telertuketo.
itistaro estas
^^
Mi
de
ne
En
scias la
sin
riCaj kampoj
tago mi
lando
venkos,
al la tegmento
"
pa"tas
antati
vino
por
amas
pro-
Car nia mil^^
kaj brava.
mi
da
telero, kulero,
de
lingvon hispanan, sed
leteron.
ni tondas,
brando, glaso
hispana-germana
vian
tondilo
el
varmega
Nia
fosilo ni
per
^Oni metis
konsistis
granda
li levis
vortaro
iom
^*
arbaro.
"tuparo
vetero,
inkujo, sablujo, kelke
tranCilo, forko, glaseto por
en
per
ni fajfas. *Mia
fajfilo
per
el
manjilaron, kiu
meni
frosta
segas,
plumoj, krajono kaj inksorbilo.
mi
ni veturas
somero
vintro ni veturas
en
segiloni
per
ni sonoras,
sonorilo
al si la
miajn glitilojnkaj iros gliti. '^Per
fosas, per kudrilo
per
Si kombas
^En
argenta kombilo.
diversajveturiloj,kaj
per
*
perdis la "losilon.
mi
sed
159
Sur
la
per
kruta
domo.
helpo
komprenis
tamen
Sur
tiuj "1 vastaj kaj herbo-
sin
grandaj brutaroj,precipe
aroj da bellanaj"afoj.
TRANSLATION
*
meat
The
knife
with
was
it, and
so
34
dull that
I had
to
use
I could
my
not
cut
the
pocket knife.
l6o
^
The
Have
to
lock
combs
her
wished
*
She
corkscrew
a
you
summer
in winter
and
fine
with
with
scissors
of
pencil and
knife,
a
spoon,
glass
for
because
our
the
not
help
of
army
he
know
a
vast
a
a
napkin.
"
the
to
and
dig, with
we
*
a
^"
Our
the
bell
writing
My
of
a
some
before
plate,a
a
glass for brandy,
On
a
day
hot
country
is large and
climbed
my
chop,
They placed
small
I
will win
brave.
^^On
a
roof of the house.
Spanish language, but with
Spanish-German
somewhat
these
fork,
we
ax
consisted
in the forest.
steep ladder
I do
a
*
blotter.
a
an
sand-box,
a
it is
Today
take
whistle.
we
In the
vehicles,
clip,with
we
ink-stand,
an
wine, and
like to walk
^^
whistle
^
shall
spade
a
eating utensils, which
me
With
with
a
pens,
^
saw,
outfit consists
I
therefore
we
a
key.
^
by sleigh.
saw
ring, with
lost the
of various
skating.
sew,
'I
silver comb.
a
go
we
I had
means
travel
we
bottle?
the
open
and
a
needle
a
by
frosty weather,
skates
we
hair with
travel
we
to
door, but
the
Book
Esperanto
A7nerican
understood
dictionary I
your
letter.
fertile fields pasture
stock, principallyflocks
of fine-wool
theless
never^*
Upon
large herds of
sheep.
The
i62
American
Book
Esperanto
^^
riCeco de tiu t\ homo
estas
La
igitafrandajo.
granda, sed lia malsageco estas ankoraii pli granda.
^^
"ia beleco
Li
tiun 6i knabinon
kaj
amas
pro
^^Latuta
^'^Liaheroeco tre placis al mi.
boneco.
suprajo de la lago estis kovrita
^^
kaj diversaj aliaj kreskajoj.
najantaj folioj
per
kun
vivas
Mi
li
en
granda amikeco.
35
TRANSLATION
^
with
did
it
talk nonsense,
You
cake
^
and
table
stood
bottles
are
various
various
nitric acid and
^^
^^
This
The
of
When
I go
objects we
call linen,
ice
me
was
and
beauty
very
much.
with
covered
growths.
^^
I ate
a
take
never
mountain.
natural
a
great.
very
with
^^
is
they
much
me
a
He
loves
^'^
goodness.
^^
The
His
whole
floatingleaves
I live with
frozen
sweet
him
similar
always
not
are
is great, but
man
is still greater.
little
acidity of
good omelet.
is not
though
^*An
of this
wealth
of her
The
Shirts, collars, cuffs and other
of linen.
The
^
is not
I
^
stuff.
mountain
that
In these
the
vinegar, sulphuric acid,
^Your wine is only some
weak.
anywhere
^^
^
in
:
acid
eminence
great
baggage.
^^
others.
is very
height
made
acids
it had
^Upon
matter.
sweetmeats.
abominable
of
this vinegar
^^
unclear
tea,
liquid. *I
a
wine, because
the
suspicious
some
kind
drink
to
I drank
is
Water
preserves.
wish
not
^
friend.
my
dainty.
his foolishness
this girl because
heroism
pleased
the lake
surface
of
and
various
in great
other
friendship.
Exercises
163
EXERCISE
36
gratuli, to congratulate,altaro, altar,
doktoro, doctor,
kuraci, to heal, treat,
pra, great-, primordial, hebreo, a Hebrew
Cevalo,
ge,
of
persons
both
horse,
sexes
patro, father ; ge-
:
patroj, parents,
id*, descendant
Cevalido,
^
a
of:
young
or
^
Petro, Anno
^
Gesinjoroj N. hodiaii
kaj Elizabeto
^
la altaro.
bopatro, mi
estas
de
mia
bopatro
edzino
al
venos
de
edzino.
mia
hodiau
edzino
mia
de mia
edzino
estas
gedoktorojn
^^
P.
^^
bofratino
la
ne
;
mia
bogefratoj de
kaj
nevo
; edzino
Li
de mia
"ia frato estas
doktoredzino
La
la
estas
patro
miaj bonevinoj.
kuracistino
mia
estas
Ciujparencoj
(gefratoj)estas
kuracistedzino.
la
^
fratino estas
^La
gratulis
^La gefianSojstaris
miaj boparencoj, sekve
kiu kuracas, estas
estas
*Mi
mi.
patro de mia edzino
edzino.
kaj fratino
frato
La
miaj gefratoj.
estas
lia bofilo, kaj mia
bofrato, "ia
mia
mia
estas
horse \
nomataj gepatroj.
estas
telegrafela junajn geedzojn.
apud
a
colt,
kaj patrino kune
Patro
Sevalo,
estas
la
nevo
^Virino,
de kuracisto
A. vizitis
lavisto, 11
The
164
American
^^
lavistinedzo.
Book
Esperanto
La
filoj,nepoj kaj pranepoj
de rego estas regidoj. ^^La hebreoj estas
Izrael^*
Cevalido estas
idoj,Car ili devenas de Izraelo.
estas
nematura
cevalo, kokido
nematura
bovo, birdido
koko, bovido
nematura
"
birdo.
nematura
"
TRANSLATION
^A
^
parents.
brother
to
and
father
sisters.
house
our
^
telegraph the
together
and
Anne
Peter,
and
36
mother
a
Mr.
and
called
are
Elizabeth
are
N.
will
Mrs.
*I
today.
my
come
congratulated
^The
couple.
married
young
"
by
anced
affi-
^
is my
pair stood at the altar.
My wife's father
his son-in-law, and my
father-in-law, I am
father
is my
wife
my
wife's
are
brother
my
is
and
; .my
who
woman
wife
wife
of
of Dr.
is not
niece
treats
the
my
sick
is
physician is
A. visited
princes.
because
they
immature
is
an
a
calf
an
bird.
are
sister
today
he
a
the brother-
are
nephew's
wife
nieces-in-law.
^A
My
female
is
a
physician ;
^^The
Mrs.
laundress'
^^He
P.
husband.
great-grandsons
Hebrews
from
chick
cow,
and
Dr.
and
^^The
horse,
a
is my
physician's wife.
a
descended
immature
^
are
laundryman,
grandsons
sons,
are
consequently her
sister
and
wife
my
a
^^The
king
a
brother
of
wife's
my
;
All relatives of
brother-in-law, her
sister-in-law
and
a
relatives-in-law
my
sister-in-law
^
father-in-law.
a
an
are
of
a
Israelites
Israel.
^*A colt
immature
chicken,
fledgling
an
ture
imma-
Exercises
165
EXERCISE
37
province, province,
justa, just^ righteous,
state^ kingdom,
regno,
severa,
severe,
poll CO, police,
Kristo,
Christ,
konfesi,
to
sufi6e, enough.
franco,
confess,
regimento,
Frenchman,
a
religio,religion,
boto, boot,
regiment,
"uo, shoe,
lasi, to leave
droni,
verki,
e6,
to drown,
ombro,
even,
pregi,
to
York
New
ur,
rulo,
a
a
;
nia lando
for:
estas
regno
estas
bona
gajajhomoj.
Yorker,
covetous
avara,
obei
\
ava-
Sipestron. ^Ciuj
la
regnanoj.
sufiCe
Kalvinanoj
kaj saga rego.
"
Nia
'^Nia urbo
justa.
ne
New-
Nov-Jorko,
^
Urbanoj
pliruzaj,ol vilaganoj. *La
ordinare
sed
noted
gipanoj devas
logantoj de
sed
shadow,
miser.
^La
estas
compose,
partisan :
Nov-Jorkano,
person
let alone,
virga, virginal,
pray,
inhabitant,member,
an,
to
^
^
La
de
Parizanoj
severa,
bonajn policanojn,
energian policestron.
estas
regnestro
provincestroestas
havas
estas
^
Luteranoj kaj
kristanoj. ''Germanoj
kaj francoj,
1
The
66
American
Book
Esperanto
.
kiuj logas
rusoj. ^^Li
estas
ne
Rusujo,
en
^*La
vincano.
estas
Rusujanoj, kvankam
estas
nelerta
logantoj de
regnanoj, la logantoj de
konfesantoj
la
^^Nia
^^
patro.
sam-
samurbanoj,
samreligianoj.
siaj soldatoj kiel
por
botisto
La
lignistovendas
La
estas
pro-
estas
urbo estas
unu
religio estas
unu
regimentestro
bona
"
de
kaj naiva
regno
unu
ili
faras
botojn kaj "uojn.
faras
lignon, kaj la lignajisto
tablojn,sejojn kaj aliajnlignajnobjektojn. ^^Stelneniu
iston
maristo
lasas
dronis
en
sian
en
^'^
la
^^
domon.
Ni
diversajn servantojn :
havas
bristinon, infanistinon
multe
havas
^^
Timulo
timas
paperojn.
kuiriston,
Malsagulon
mono.
e6
verkas
6am-
kaj veturigiston. ^^La riCulo
^^
da
kurag^a
Verkisto
maro.
librojn,kaj skribisto simple transskribas
^^
La
sian propran
^^Li estas
ombron.
^^
mensogisto kaj malnoblulo.
6iu batas.
al la Sankta
Pregu
Virgulino.
TRANSLATION
^
The
sailors ought
inhabitants
are
usually
ruler
^
of
The
of
a
Parisians
obey
to
country
are
gay
is
than
a
people.
^Citypeople
villagers.
good
and
^
^AU
captain.
the
citizens.
are
cunning
more
our
state
37
Our
wise
*
The
king.
governor
is
167
Exercises
but
strict,
but
not
^Lutherans
they
religion
is
commander
^^
The
dealer
chairs,
thief
a
and
a
various
^^
a
own
servants
simply
^^
coachman.
beats
^^
to
rich
the
He
is
Holy
writes
has
a
A
Virgin.
and
was
books,
We
have
a
much
coward
liar
lets
one
chambermaid,
man
The
tables,
sailor
^^
^^
fool.
a
shadow.
Pray
The
^*
No
brave
papers.
one
soldiers.
shoes.
^^
copies
a
his
joiner makes
author
cook,
a
"
of
regimental
to
^^An
sea.
of
inhabitants
Our
and
The
ward
awk-
an
inhabitants
articles.
^^
is
believers
^^
the
house.
the
copyist
^^
person.
wooden
his
in
and
citizens,
the
the
boots
wood
sells
into
Everybody
his
The
father
good
a
makes
other
and
drowned
and
like
shoemaker
wood
^^
fellow-religionists.
are
police.
mans
^Ger-
^^He
Russians.
fellow-citizens,
are
of
Russian
are
fellow-countrymen,
are
city
one
chief
ChristianSc
are
provincial.
simple
policemen,
good
energetic
Russia
not
are
country
of
in
live
who
one
city has
Calvinists
and
and
Our
sufficiently
a
though
^
just.
nurse,
money,
fears
an
even
ignoble
1
Esperanto Book
American
The
68
38
EXERCISE
d^nsa,
brui,
dense,
to make
a
noise,
pluyo, rain,
kale"0, carriage,
pafi, to shoot,
6j, masculine, nj, feminine; suffixes used after
ing
to form endearthe first (i to 6) letters of names,
diminutives.
^
segetoj. ^En
^
post
varmega,
ni
trovas
apud
tablo
la
lia
sed
la
*En
malvarma.
fari.
^Mallarga
kaj dormetas.
tiu Ci
al
kampo
nia
domo.
^Kun bruo
pordegon, kaj la kale"o enveturis
hundo
piedegon, kaj mi
"
somero
densaj arbaroj. ^Li
en
^^Grandega
pluvego.
serio da
tute
varma,
kaj post
varmeta,
^Tio Ci estis jam
korton.
sian antauan
kion
tra
iom
nur
vizago mi vidis gojan rideton.
oni malfermis
la
trovas
ne
gi estis jam
nur
malvarmeton
vojeto kondukas
en
sed
horo
unu
horoj gi estis jam
Sur
montoj,
sin
Tuj post la hejto la forno estis
tri
'^
da
horoj gi estis
post du
sidas
infanoj tableton kaj kelke
nia lando
montetoj.
nur
la
aCetis por
Mi
Antau
nia
de
ne
simpla pluvo,
metis
teruro
sur
ne
min
sciis,
militistaro staris granda
Nikolaon, Erneston,
pafilegoj. ^^Johanon,
EXERCISE
39
koto,
dirt.
broso,
ruga,
red.
honti,
wheel.
rado,
Capo, capy
blovi,
bonnet,
En
tial mi
la kota
prenis broson
la
edzigo ;
kaj
la
la
edziga
bogepatroj.
fraulino
wind.
festo
ci
li
en
vestojn de
Car
li
;
al
en
la
nova
de
la domo
maljunulo
ni.
tute
*Li
pregejo,
liajestontaj
malsagigis kaj
oni ofte
^Forigu
'
Li
post tri monatoj estos
estos
la malsanulo.
malhelpas
^
veston.
rugijis d6" honto.
infanigis. ^Post infekta maisano
la
forte M"tpui'i"js,*
vesto
Berto
estos
Tiu
head.
kaj purigis^ la
edziga soleno
*
vento,
hang,
branch.
paligisde time kaj poste
fiancigiskun
to
mia
vetero
infect,
to
pendi,
kapo,
to blow.
branCo,
*
to be ashamed.
rail
springtime, relo,
printempo,
brush.
infekti,
solemn.
solena,
Book
Esperanto
American
The
lyo
vian
bruligas
fraton,
Si edzini^is kun
sia
kuzo, kvankam
"iajgepatroj volis "in edzinigikun
alia
^En
persono.
la
printempo la glacio kaj
nego fluidigas. ^Venigu la kuraciston,Car mi
la
estas
Exercises
^^Li venigis
malsana.
librojn. ^^Miaonklo
li tamen
sed
de
mortigita
la
mortis
ne
sin
neniu
6i arbeto
tiu
sur
la
pendigis mian
ne
forblovis
la vento
; sed
kapo la Capon, kaj gi, flugante, pendigis
mia
branCoj
kurage batalis kune kun
kontrauniaj malamikoj.
ni
clean
purigi,to
;
the
clean.
become
ig and
between
Study carefullythe distinction
while
former
is always transitive,
*
purigi,to
la
kaj
militistaro
junulo aligis al nia
La
sur
de
vin (au sidigu),sin^^Sidigu
de la arbeto.
^*
joro !
The
ig.
latter is intransitive
Sentences
7 and
:
11
illustrate this difference.
well
39
TRANSLATION
^
^
coat.
Miss
with
Bertha
wedding
;
;
the
church, and
took
I
turned
He
he blushed
weather
muddy
the
In
dirty; therefore,
new
apud
de veturanta
radojn
^^Mi
ka] mortigis.
6apon
kaj ankaii estis
mem
relojde fervojo,li falis sub
vagonaro
morto,
natura
per
tagon, promenante
unu
;
multajn
Berlino
si el
al
mortigis
ne
171
brush
a
pale with
^
shame.
three
months
marriage
the
He
became
coat
my
cleaned
and
fear, and
became
hence
ceremony
very
the
afterwards
engaged
will
will
be
to
the
be in the
wedding festival will be in
the
The
172
house
his
of
become
has
the
hinders
wished
In
spring
doctor,
because
^^
and
;
it,
youth
I
but
Seat
joined
us,
the
but,
of
not
hang
wind
itself
hung
against
army
our
the
(or,
and
enemies.
the
be
fought
not
;
and
my
branches
sir.
bravely,
one
was
this
upon
from
seated),
not
railroad,
the
cap
cap
on
did
train
moving
my
blew
yourself
our
a
self
him-
did
anyone
of
the
for
he
by
rails
the
her
Bring
uncle
M}^
killed
not
near
^
however,
wheels
did
flying,
^^
shrub.
the
^^
Berlin.
was
walking
under
killed.
with
and
while
fell
shrub
from
he
person.
procured
He
of
although
melt.
^^
an
for
another
to
snow
ill.
death,
himself,
day,
and
am
books
natural
a
kill
I
her
marry
ice
the
many
die
to
After
away,
cousin,
her
man
clothes
the
brother
your
'^She married
us.
parents
he
^Send
old
^
burn
often
they
This
childish.
and
imbecile
disease
patient.
*
parents-in-law.
quite
infectious
^
future
Book
Esperanto
American
head,
of
^*
the
The
together
Exercises
1:73
EXERCISE
surprizi,
40
laca, tired^ weary
surprise.
to
trompi, deceive,cheat,
fulmo,
"viti, sweaty perspire,
bani,
lightning*
to bathe,
vendi,
store,
magazeno,
.
to sell,
cigaro, cigar,
tubo, tube,
fumo,
skatolo, small box,
smoke,
surtuto,
pantalono, pants,
brako, arm,
ing,
for
holder
a
a
la daiiro de kelke
*
surprizo.
tutan
tagon
/
loko
Kiam
vi
*
kanton.
belan
^^La diamanto
okupo.
I^a
trakuris
^^La domo,
oni
domo,
en
Lia
muUa
Mi
Mi
saltadis la
parolado lacigas
kiu
kantado
belan
tra
lernas,
kiu oni pregas, estas
eksaltis
hieraiia parolo
trompigis.
havas
ekbriloj de fulmo
en
^
aiidis du
ekparolis,ni atendis aiidi ion
sed baldaii ni vidis, ke ni
tre
^
al loko.
tro
^
longe.
tre
saltas tre lerte.
bela, sed la
estis tre
lin.
de
Mi
minutoj mi
da
pafojn. ^La pafado daiiris
de
cigaringo,
candle-stick.
'y
En
overcoat,
single object:
cigar-holder kandelingo,
^
cas^,
^Li
estas
brilon.
la malluma
estas
novan,
kantas
agrabla
"Du
6ielo.
lernejo, kaj la
pregejo. ^^La kuiristo
'^^^ American
174
sidas
en
la
Esperanto
Book
kuirejo.^*La kuracisto konsilis
al mi iri en
kiu oni vendas
en
gvitbanejon.^^Magazeno,
cigarojn,
kiu oni tenas
cigarejo;
ad
eambro,
aii alia
skatoleto
kiam
oni
gin fumas,
kiu oni tenas
toneto,
^^
kandelo.
^^
monujon,
kaj
paperujon
;
En
^^
Skatolo,
por
skribado,
kandelingo sidas brulanta
la
la po"o
pantolono mi portas
mia
de
surtuto
mi
portas
pligrandan paperujon mi portas sub la
^^La rusoj logas
brako.
cigaron,
metas
plumon
la po"o de mia
en
cigarojn,
plumujo, kaj bas-
estas
tenas
En
oni
cigaringo.
estas
oni
plumingo.
estas
kiu oni tenas
kiu
en
plumojn,
kiu
sur
cigarojn,estas
objekto, en
cigarujo; tubeto,
estas
en
en
en
Rusujo kaj la germanoj
Germanujo.
en
TRANSLATION
^
In
the
^The
shots.
jumped
of
course
40
few
a
minutes
shooting continued
from
surprise.
*
I
I heard
very
jump
two
long.
^I
skilfully. I
very
jumped all day from place to place. ^His speech of
yesterday was
him.
'^When
something
very
you
^He is singing
began
but
new,
a
fine,but
very
soon
to
speak,
saw
that
we
we
beautiful song.
agreeable occupation.
speaking tires
too much
expected to hear
were
deceived.
^Singingis
^^The diamorid
has
a
an
beau-
Exercises
tiful
dark
the
across
learn
is
which
they
or
^*
puts
one
^^
and
is
writing,
I
^^
under
Germans
and
In
in
;
^^
arm.
in
Germany.
In
we
the
pocket
the
pocket
larger
Russians
is
a
in
a
is
have
cigarpeople
tube
pens
a
which
cigara
pen-
of
for
pen
candlestick
of
a
cigars,
it, is
keep
the
a
sell
in
to
go
which
little
which
^^
pocketbook
my
we
on
penholder.
a
purse,
a
carry
carry
and
a
which
stick,
candle.
burning
carry
little
a
in
in
smokes
he
to
me
which
sits
cook
cigars,
a
;
when
box
A
The
object
other
or
in
they
keep
people
house
which
they
passed
which
advised
cigar-case
a
the
^^
in
store
cigar
a
holder.
case,
box
is
cigars
keep
A
in
house
doctor
which
small
a
;
The
church.
a
lightning
.of
and
The
^^
in
room
store
^^
is
pray
bath.
a
flashes
school-house,
a
Turkish
Two
sky.
kitchen.
the
I
^^
sparkle.
175
is
trousers
my
overcoat
my
document-case
live
a
in
I
Russia,
The
176
America7i
EXERCISE
"talo,
41
fleksi, to bend.
steel.
vitro, glass,
rompi,
laudi,
to
memori,
Spari,
to economize,
praise,
of many
one
sablero,
sand\
Vitro
to excite,
fajro,fire,
pulvo, gunpowder,
grain of
the
kind
same
:
sablo,
sand,
^Staloestas fleksebla,sed
^
to remember,
eksciti,
objectsof
a
to break,
bagatelo, trifle.
vengi, to avenge,
polvo, dust,
eksplodi, to explode.
er,
Book
Esperanto
fero
fleksebla.
estas
ne
^
Ne Ciu
rompebla kaj travidebla.
*
Via parolo estas
tute
kreskajo estas man Jebla.
nekomprenebla kaj viaj leterojestas 6iam skribitaj
^
al mi vian malfeliSon,
Rakontu
tute nelegeble.
6ar
estas
able mi
helpi al vi.
povos
historion
tute
nekredeblan.
patron?
^Kia
demando
^
Mi
kredeble
pensas,
ke
amas.
mi
Gar
^^Li
estas
homo
^^
laudinda.
kriema.
Tiu
^^
memorinda.
"parema,
ne
sed
^*
!
ne
mi
Lia
"i
Li estas
estas
tre
'^
Cu
vi
al
mi
vian
amas
havos
hodiau
^^
Via ago
kredinda.
edzino
Li rakontis
kompreneble, ke mi lin
veni al vi hodiau,
povos
mem
6i grava
^
tago
restos
estas
tre
ankaii
tre
ekkolerema
por
gastojn.
tre
estas
mi
6iam
laborema
kaj
kaj
babilema
kaj ekscitigas
li estas
plej malgranda bagatelo ; tamen
pardonema, li ne portas longe la koleron kaj li
ofte 6e la
tre
vengema.
^^
Li
tute
ne
e6 la
plej nekredeblajn aferojn, kiujn
estas
estas
tre
kredema
rakontas
:
al li
The
178
EXERCISE
atingi, to
42
rezultato, result,
attain,
"iri, to tear, rend,
mo"tO,
universal
Book
Esperanto
American
piece.
peco,
title,
grafo, earl, count,
episkopo, bishop,
difini,to define,
^Ni 6iujkunvenis, por priparolitre
sed ni
^
aferon;
gravan
povis atingi ian rezultaton, kaj ni disiris.
MalfeliSo ofte kunigas la homojti, kaj feliSo ofte
ne
disigas ilin.
^
Mi
disSiris
la
leteron
kaj disjetis
Ciujn angulojn de la Cambro.
*Li donis al mi monon,
sed mi gin tuj redonis
al li.
^Mi foriras,sed atendu min, Car mi baldatirevenos.
^La suno
de la rivero.
rebrilas en
la klara akvo
giajn pecetojn
^
^
Mi
en
diris al la rego
:
via rega mo"to,
pardonu
min!
estis adresita : al Lia
Episleterojunu
kopa Mo"to, Sinjoro N.; la dua : al lia Grafa
Mo"to, Sinjoro P.; la tria: al Lia Mo"to, Sinjoro
^La sufikso
D.
difinitan signifon,
havas
um
ne
kaj tial la (tre malmultajn) vortojn kun um oni
El
la tri
devas
lerni, kiel simplajn vortojn. ^^Ekzemple:
^^
plenumi, kolumo,
lian deziron.
malvarmumi.
iga, saneco,
^^
manumo.
En
malbona
Sano,
sana,
Mi
volonte
oni povas
vetero
sani,
sane,
plenumis
facile
sanu,
san-
saniio, sanigi, sanigi, sanejo, sanisto,
sanulo, malsano, malsana,
sanulo, malsaniga,
malsane,
malsani, mal-
malsanigi, malsaneta,
malsan-
malsanulejo, malsanulisto, malsanero, malsanigebla, sanigisto, sanigilo, saniio,
saneraro,
ema,
.
Exercises
179
resanigi,resaniganto, sanigilejo,sanigejo,malsanmalsanulido, nesana,
emulo, sanilaro, malsanaro,
malsanemeco,
sanilajo, malsaneco,
saniginda, sanilujo, sanigilujo,remalsano, remalsanigo, malsanulino, sanigista, sanigilista, sanil-
malsanado,
ista,malsanulista^
k. t. p.
TRANSLATION
^
but
matter,
to discuss
convened
all
We
could
we
42
a
attain any
not
important
very
result, and
we
separated. ^Unhappiness often unites people and
^
I tore up
and
happiness often separates them.
its fragments into all corthe letter and scattered
ners
of
*
the
but
said
*
await
me,
as
in
the
clear
reflects
sun
Of
Bishop
Excellency, Count
Mr.
meaning,
and
should
one
:
easily catch
which
suffix
U7n
has
(very few)
manumo.
bad
orable
Hon-
words
with
^^For
^^
In
His
definite
no
simple words.
^^
!"
me
"To
''To The
:
I
weather
I
''To His
:
second:
the third
^
river.
ample
ex-
willingly
one
can
cold.
words
fifty-three
and
self-defining
the
the
as
desire.
return.
of the
I
going
^The
am
addressed
was
kolumo,
plenumi,
fulfilled his
*The
learn
I
Majesty, pardon
N.";
therefore
but
money,
^
soon
water
Your
P.";
^The
D."
me
him.
I shall
three letters, one
the
Reverence,
um
**
king:
the
to
gave
it to
returned
immediately
away,
He
room,
serve
may
shov/n
to
be had
here
illustrate the
by
use
from
wide
the
root
latitude
of the affixes.
san*
of
are
pression
ex-
i8o
The
American
Book
Esperanto
CORRESPONDENCE
date-line
In the
the
Everyone
between
the
Marto,
as
to
conforming, however,
to
the
own
and
adresato.
formal
Dear
of the
forms
many
of
style of
greeting
and
of
a
address
should
Mia
as
By
is far from
Madam",
formality in its literal meaning,
be addressed
European
average
infer at least some
would
degree
few
1914,
taste
most
''My
Americans,
de
his
adresanto
peculiar paradox,
for
with
month
8^^ de Atigusto, igo8.
safely use
may
of salutation,
relations
1
Francisko, 26^^
San
form
of the
day
the
sign following the figures :
St, Louis,
the
usually omit
letter, we
a
write
and
preposition je
accusative
of
the
he
Kara
affection.
are
:
Sinjoroj :
Respektata Sinjorino
Tre
Kara
Kolego
Kara
Samideano^
The
as
Esti^nata. Amiko
in
of
forms
English
:
:
:
closing
letters
are
much
the
same
:
Kun
Tre
Kun
^
:
Sam-ide-an-o,
a
plena respekto,
vere
via^
granda
f cUotju -thinker
estimo, etc.,
.
etc.
A
l8i
Correspondence
Modelaj
Al
de
Administranto
Cikago, U. S.
Sinjoro
mian
eble
je
la
al via
gazeto
oktobra
de
sango
Suite
16,
mi
estas,
enpresu
anonceton
kiel
:
korespondadi
landoj pri la inter-
Nelson^
t,
23
A/able
p.
Paul
ke
vi baldau
plenumos
mendon,
sinjoro,
Nov-Jorko,
Paul
sin
Avenue^
mian
respekte
la
via,
(Fraiilino) Gladys
23
nomon
Yorko,
Tre
Urbo
kaj
jaro, komen-
Ankaii,
fremdaj
sendas
mian
unu
kuriozajojn^ k,
Gladys
Fno.
Esperante
de
kiel
dolaro
unu
esperantistino deziras
geartistoj
Nov-
dum
kajero.
artajetojn,
al\
turnu
da
enskribu
la sekvantan
Dekses-jara
kelkaj
scion, mi
sumo
Aminde
plej frue,
kun
la
por
treega intereso,
pri Esperanto,
akiritan
nun
cendoj.
kiel abonanto
kun
pli multe
gis
mandaton
dudek-kvin
lernolibron
lernadi
uzadi
enfermite
conta
Esperantisto,
A.
mian
dezirante
ankau
Amerika
:
Tralerninte
kaj
Leteroj
16^^
Avenue,
de
Septembro,
Suite
16.
Nelson,
1907.
1
82
American
The
Toronto,
D"^
F.
W.
17^" de Aprilo, 1908.
Kanado,
Texas,
Samideano
Kara
Book
Cody,
Galveston,
Mia
Esperanto
U.
S.
A.
:
San
Respondante vian leteron pri la reciproka interdiri ke
Jado de manuskriptojpredikaj, mi povas
mi
multe
aprobas
ni sendube
ricevos
lanotojn de mia
Sapo,
ne
des
povas
ili havos
puran
mi
aeron
projekton. Per
da
multe
Mi
laboradon.
nian
la
sendas
farado
helpon, kaj plibonigos
al vi per
la
po"to
sama
prediko, titolita **Juplida
hieraua
pli da Sankteco.'*
Mi
la
de
purigi
tiu t\
morojn
vere
kredas
ke oni
la
amasoj gis kiam
sufiSe da riCeco por gui purajn domojn,
kaj purajn vestojn. Cu vi opinias ke
eraras?
Frate
via,
Charles
Saunders
Novembro
Sekretario
4,
rue
la
Hamm.
6^", 1906.
Altera Esperantista Societo,
Marine^ Algero, Algerujo.
de V
du
Respektata Sinjoro :
doni al mi, poStkarte, adreson
Cu vi povas
de
juna altera esperantistinokiu kredeble "atus koressamideanino?
Mi
multe
pondi kun nord-amerika
interesas
pri la afero nia en Afriko, kaj deziras pli
via komplezo,
detale
sciigi. Kun kora danko
pro
min, sinjoro,
mi subskribas
Via
humila
servantino.
Alberta
Adreso:
Griff, Mo., U.
".
A.
V, Edwards.
183
Correspondence
should
one
to
written.
habitually
whom
while
off,
remember
must
book
certain
*
if
is
'peach,'
we
Japanese
things
a
know
doesn't
who
Indiana
'
and
*'bird";
pertaining
Maori
gloss
the
is
me
a
rare
by
meant
a
would
but
horticulture
words
to
as
of
slang
is
worn
be
cannot
writes
He
these
to
called
speech
read
to
easy
many
Europeans
most
mentioned
or
is
not
that
American
metaphorical
understand
the
would
and
to
as
Americans,
man
what
plainly,
language
persiko.
sons,
per-
careful
such
that
An
translated.
is
when
English
good
write
of
figures
foreign
particularly
We
use
and
new,
Be
address.
and
name
to
script
Esperanto
clearly
unless
careful
be
these
of
many
with
correspondence
in
Especially
home-grown
indicate
ornithology.
a
184
The
American
ESPERANTISMO
LA
La
sekvanta
Ifiternacia
Mer,
Deklaracio
Kongreso
estis eldonata
Esperantista
de August 0^ 1905
la gan
Book
Esperanto
Car pri la
de
esenco
en
de la Unua
Boulogne-sur-
\
la
esperantismo multaj
ideon, tial ni subskribintoj,
reprezentantojde la esperantismo en diversajlandoj
de la mondo, kunvenintaj al la Internacia
Kongreso
havas
tre
malveran
Esperantista
Boulogne-sur-Mer,
en
de
laii la propono
sekvantan
1.
la tuta
de
la autoro
trovis
necese
Esperanto doni
la
klarigon.
La
esperantismo
estas
la uzadon
mondo
kiu, **ne entrudante
sin
de
penado disvastigien
lingvo
neutrale
la internan
en
homa,
vivon
de la
celante elpu"i la ekzistantajn
popoloj kaj neniom
al la homoj de malsamaj
lingvojn naciajn,''donus
nacioj la eblon komprenigadi inter si, kiu povos
de
servi kiel paciga lingvo en publikaj institucioj
diversajnacioj batalas inter si pri
kiu povos
esti publikigatajtiuj
en
verkoj, kiuj havas egalan intereson por 6iuj popoloj.
Ciu alia ideo au espero, kiun tiu aii alia
tiuj landoj, kie
la lingvo, kaj
esperantisto ligas kun
afero
pure
respondas.
Car
2.
privata
en
la
nuna
la
por
esperantismo,
kiu
tempo
la
neniu
estas
esperantismo
lia
ne
esploranto jam
1
86
The
fundamento
tistoj
la
havas
raj
de
reguloj
kaj
neniam
fari
ton
kiu
ne
la
rialo,
kiu
kiun
farate
estas
de
unueco
kiu
stilon,
Esperanto,
kiu
Esperanto,
kaj
5.
scias
la
plej
Esperantisto
kaj
kiaj celoj
la
uzas
li
gin
esperantista
inda,
plej
la
sed
por
de
bone
estas
lingvon
twi
deviga.
de
en
plena
pro
Esperanto,
tiun
kaj
en
kiu
persono,
egale,
ia aktiva
estas
de
spiriton.
tute
al
estas
kreinto
por
6iu
tia
kiel
same,
la
gian
nomatjgi
esperantisto
mate-
multe
laboris
konas
li
to,"
Esperan-
esprimi
plej
verkoj
la
ideon,
esperantistoj
able
Apartenado
uzas.
de
Sed
multe
tiu
per
lingvo.
la
en
de
verko,
Ciun
rajton
6iuj
neniu
'tiel deziras
tiel
kiel
trovigas
*
vortoj
plej gusta,
al
imitadi
rekomendate
la
alia
lingvo
la
la
dirita
"Fundamento
la
Ciu
en
la
en
kiu
deklinigas
esprimata
havas
11 trovas
iu
la
estas
en
Esperanto."
la
en
Esperanto
Se
per
de
esperantisto
maniero,
Esperanto,'*
oportune
trovijas
Ciu
de
sin
aiitoro
esti
povas
lingvo
donitaj
pravigi
konsilas
la
"angon.
modeloj
povos
Book
Esperanto
'^Fundamento
verketo
ail
American
por
societo
rekomend-
I
VOCABULARIES
The
all of
contains
in
general
the
great
appropriated
others
that
changed
grammatical
endings
can
that, having
so
;
Esperanto
vocabulary
working
a
of
be
roots
suffixes
thousand
a
Funda-
understand
must
various
of the
prefixes and
the
possess
these
the
hundreds
some
student
of
majority
of
and
The
use.
addition
the
by
with
in
found
word-roots
Esperanto^
de
7nento
the
Vocabulary
Esperanto-English
following
roots,
he
will
thousand
of several
words.
The
help,
supplementary
the
It contains
from
the
suffix
in.
has
of
few
meaning,
contrary
series
word-building
of
of words
the
to
be
Sana,
healthy.
Sane,
healthfully.
Sanigi,
to
make
healthy.
for
finding
being formed
translated
shown
a
in mind.
has
for which
is
healthy.
in
by adding
term
the
root
he
these
with
health.
Sano,
Sani,
from
are
merely
student
idea
nouns,
of words
equivalent
root
the
the
masculine
or
Hundreds
no
method
feminine
general
assist
with
connected
root
to
is
Vocabulary
English-Esperanto
Esperanto
by
prefix
in the
health
the
:
the
maL
word
The
following
Vocabularies
Sanigi,
become
to
Malsani,
be
to
Malsaneco,
the
a
person.
inyalid.
an
Resanigebla,
curable.
Nesanigebla,
incurable.
Malsanulejo,
sanitarium,
a
Resanitanta,
convalescent.
Remalsanigi,
to
Malsanero,
a
female.
medica.^
physician.
a
a
Malsanego,
69.
healthily-inclined
materia
Malsaneto,
etc,,
diseases.
medicine.
a
Sanigilaro,
Etc.,
of
category
a
Sanemulino,
Sanigilujo,
relapse.
a
malady.
a
Malsaneraro,
Sanigisto,
suffer
hospital
sickly.
Malsanema,
Sanigilo,
sick.
being
of
state
healthy
Malsanulo,
to
ill.
sickness.
Malsano,
Sanulo,
healthy.
a
a
etc.
slight
very
medicine
See
disease.
serious
malady.
case.
full
list
of
affixes,
pp.
65
Esperanto- English Vocabulary
a,
adjectiveending
abat-o,
abbot
abel-o, bee
aberaci-o, aberration
abi-o, fir
abisen-o, Abysinnian
abism-o, abyss
abiturient-o, abiturient
ablativ-o, ablative
abomination
abomen-o,
abon-i, to subscribe to
abnegaci-o, abnegation
abrikot-o, apricot
wood
southernabrotan-o,
abrupt-a, abrupt
absces-o, abscess
absin-to, absinthe
absolut-a, absolute
ism
absolutabsolutism-o,
absolv-i,
to absolve
speech
adapt-i, to adapt
adekvat-a, adequate
adept-o, adept
adiau, farewell
adici-i, to add
adjektiv-o, adjective
adjunkt-o, adjunct
adjutant-o, adjutant
administr-i, administer
istration,
administraci-o, adminmanagement
admir-i, to admire
admiral-o, admiral
ralty
admiadmiralitat-o,
adverb-o,
acetate
acetile-RO, acetylene
a
admon-i, to admonish
adopt-i, to adopt
ador-i, worship, adore
adres-i, to address
adstring-a, astringent
tery
aduladult-i, to commit
absorb-i, to absorb
abstemi-a, abstemious
abstinenc-o, abstinence
abstrakt-a, abstract
absurd-a, absurd
maple
acer-o,
acetat-o,
acid-a, sour
a6et-i, to buy
tinued
ad, suffix indicating conaction : paroli,
to speak \
parolado,
.
adverb
advent-o, advent
Espera7ito-English Vocabtilary
advokat-o,
advocate
aer-o,
attorney,
agraf-o, metal
agregat-o,
.
air; aerumi,
to
clasp
aggregate
agrikultur-o,
ture
agricul-
ventilate
aerometr-o,
aerometer
aeronautik-o,
ics
aeronaut-
aerostat
aerostat-o,
afabl-a, affable
afekci-o, affection
whenever
(not
love)
afekt-i,to affect
afer-o, affair,matter
aforism-o, aphorism
afiks-o,affix
afis-o,placard
afrank-i,to pay postage
Afrik-o, Africa
afust-o, gun-carriage
ag-i, to act
agac-i, to set the teeth
on
edge
agarik-o, mushroom
agat-o, agate
agend-o, note-book
agent-o, agent
agit-i, to agitate O^/.)
agiot-o, a speculationin
stocks
agl-o, eagle
aglomer-i,
to
agronomi-o,
agronomy
ag-o, age
ajl-o,garlic
ajn ever : kiam
ajn,
erate
agglom-
aglutin-i, to agglutinate
agoni-o, agony
agord-i, to tune
agrabl-a, agreeable
something made from
the
or
possessing
quality of : bovo, ox ;
bovajo, beef\ bela,
beautiful \ belajo, a
beautiful thi7ig,
akaci-o, acacia
akademi-o, academy
"corner
akapar-i, to
aj,
the
market"
of
akar-o, mite, tick
akcel-i, to hasten,
akcent-o, accent
akcept-i, to accept
akcesor-o, accessory
akci-o, share of stock
akcident-o, accident
akcipitr-o, hawk
akciz-o, excise
akir-i, to acquire
aklam-i, to acclaim
akn-o, pimple
to
pany
accomakompan-i,
akomod-i, accommodate
to, to fit
celerate
ac-
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
akonit-0, aconite
akord-o, chord {music)
akr-a, sharp
akrid-o, grasshopper
akrobat-o, acrobat
aks-o, axle
aksel-o, axle-hole
aksiom-o, axiom
akt-o, act (theatrical)
aktiv-a, active {gram.)
aktor-o, actor
akurat-a, accurate
akustik-o, accoustics
deliver
a
aku"-i, to
woman
akut-a, acute
akuzativ-o, accusative
akv-o, water
akvafort-o, aquafortis
akvarel-o, a painting
in water-color
akvari-o, aquarium
al, to or toward
alabastr-o, alabaster
alarm-o,
alarm
alaud-o, lark (bird)
alban-o,
Albanian
albinos-o, albino
album-o, album
albumen
albumen-o,
alcion-o, halcyon
ald-o, alto
ale-o, walk, path
alegori-o, allegory
alen-o, awl
alfabet-o, alphabet
alg-oj, sea- weed
algebr-o, algebra
Algeri-o, Algiers
alJiemi-o,alchemy
ali-a, other
ali-e, otherwise
alibi-o, alibi
aline-o, paragraph
break
or
in
printing
aligator-o, alligator
alk-o, ellt
alkali-o, alkali
alkohol-o, alcohol
alkoy-o, alcove
almanac
almanak-o,
almenau,
at least
almoz-o, alms
aln-o, alder
alo-o, aloes
alopati-o, allopathy
Alp-oj, Alps
alpak-o, alpaca
alt-a, high
altar-o, altar
alte-o, marshmallow
altern-i, to alternate
native
alteralternativ-o, an
match
alumet-o,
alun-o, alum
alud-i, to allude to
amalgam-o,
amalgam
amas-o,
amator-o,
crowd
amateur
ambasador-o,
dor
ambassa-
Esperanto- English
ambau, both
ambici-o, ambition
ambl-o, amble
anvil
ambos-o,
ambr-o,
ambergris
ambrosia
ambrozi-o,
ambulanc-o, ambulance
amel-o, starch
amen!
amen!
Amerik-o, America
ametist-o, amethyst
amfibi-a, amphibious
ater
amfiteatr-o, amphitheamik-o, friend
make
love
amindum-i,
amnesti-o, amnesty
amoniak-o, ammoniac
ampleks-o, extent, size
amput-i, amputate
amuz-i, to amuse
suffix indicating a
an,
member,
citizen, partisan,
etc.:
Ameriko,
America; Amerikano,
an
American
anagram-o,
anagram
anakronism-o,
nism
anachro-
Vocabulary
anchovy
ancov-o,
And-oj, Andes
Andaluzi-o, Andalusia
anekdot-o, anecdote
aneks-i, to annex
anemon-o,
anemone
angil-o, eel
angin-o, quinsy, angina
angl-a, English
angl-o, Englishman
anglism-o, anglicism
angul-o, angle, corner
angel-o, angel
angelus-o, angelus
anilin-o, aniline
anim-o, soul
aniz-o, anise
ankaii, also
ankorau, yet, still
ankr-o, anchor
anomali-o, anomaly
anonc-i, announce
anonim-a, anonymous
ans-o,catch, clinch,latch
anser-o,
goose
instead of
anstatau,
ant, sign of present act-ive participle:
amanta
loving
analiz-i, to analyze
analogi-o, analogy
analitik-o,analytics
pineapple
anarhi-o, anarchy
anatomi-o, anatomy
antagonism-o,
onism
antag-
ist
antagonist-o, antagon-
ananas-o,
anas-o,
duck
antarkt-a, antarctic
antau,
anten-o,
before
antenna
8
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
areopag-o,
arest-i,
areopagus
to arrest
wormwood
artemezi-o,
arteri-o, artery
artesian
argil-o, clay
artez-a,
argon-o,
artifik-o, artifice
argon
argument
argument-o,
artik-o, joint
Argus-o, Argus
argent-o, silver
artikol-o,article(^r^w.)
artileri-o, artillery
archaic
artiaik-a,
arliaism-o,archaism
artist-o, artist
arheologi-o, archeology
arhipelag-o,
ago
archipel-
artisok-o, artichoke
artrit-o, arthritis
ending
as, present tense
of
arhitektur-o,
ture
architec-
architrave
ariiitrav-o,
arhiv-o, archives
ari-o, air (^rnusic)
aristokrat-o, aristocrat
aritmetik-o, arithmetic
ark-o, arc, bow
arkad-o, arcade
arke-o, ark {Noah^s)
arkt-a, arctic
arleken-o, harlequin
arm-i, to arm
arme-o,
army
Armenian
armen-o,
arnik-o, arnica
arog-i (al si),to
oneself
to
arogant-a,
arom-o,
gate
arro-
arrogant
aroma
arorut-o,
arrowroot
arpeg-o, arpeggio
arsenik-o, arsenic
art-o, art
as-o,
verbs
ace,
of cards
asafetid-o, asafetida
asbest-o, asbestos
asekur-i, to insure
asert-i, to assert
asesor-o,
an
assistant
judge
asfiksi-o, asphyxia
asign-i, to assign
asimil-i, to assimilate
asist-i, to assist
askarid-o, spoolworm
asket-o, ascetic
asceticism
asketism-o,
association,
asoci-o,
organization
asonanc-o,
asparag-o,
assonance
asparagus
aspekt-o, aspect
aspid-o, asp, aspic
aspir-i, to aspire
asteroid-oj, asteroids
astr-oj, stars, in general
astrologi-o, astrology
Esperanto-English
astronomi-o,
omy
astron-
Vocabulary
aiikci-o,auction
aureole
aureol-o,
at-, sign of the present
passive
participle:
being loved
amate,
atak-i, to attack
atavism-o, atavism
ateism-o, atheism
ateist-o, atheist
atenc-i, to attempt
atend-i,
to wait
atent-a,
attentive
atest-i,
to attest
ating-i, reach, attain
Atlantik-a, Atlantic
atlas-o, satin
atlet-o, athlete
atmosfer-o, atmosphere
atom
atotn-o,
to attribute
atribu-i,
atribut-o, attribute
atripl-o, mountain
ach
spin-
aurikl-o, auricle
Aurora
Auror-o,
auskult-i, to listen
auspic-oj, auspices
austr-o,
Austrian
an
Australi-o, Australia
autentik-a, authentic
autobiografi-o,
biography
auto-
autograf-o, autograph
aiitokrat-o,autocrat
autokrati-o, autocracy
automaton
automat-o,
aiitomobil-o,
bile
automo-
author
autor-o,
autoritat-o, authority
autumn
autun-o,
av-o,
grandfather
avar-a,
avaricious
avel-o, hazelnut
atrofi-o, atrophy
atut-o, trump, at cards
au,
or,
either
aven-o,
oats
aventur-o,
adventure
avid-a, avid,
eager
aud-i, to hear
auditori-o, audience
aviz-i, to notify
augur-o,
Azi-o, Asia
augury
azen-o,
ass,
donkey
August-o, August
azot-o,
babil-i,
bajonet-o, bayonet
to chatter
babord-o,
larboard
bacil-o, bacillus
bagatel-o, trifle
azote
bak-i, to bake
bakteri-o, bacterium^X/;
bal-o, ball, dance ""!/""/
Esperanto-English
lO
Vocabulary
bala-i, to sweep
balad-o, ballad
balanc-i, to balance
balast-o, ballast
barbir-o, barber
bar6o, beet-root soup
barel-o, barrel, cask
barier-o, barrier
balbut-i,
barikad-o,
barricade
baldaken-o,, canopy
baldau, soon
balen-o, whale
balet-o, ballet
bariton-o,
barium-o,
baritone
balkon-o, balcony
baron-o, baron
to
stammer
balloon
balon-o,
balot-i, to vote by ballot
Balt-a, Baltic
balustrad-o, balustrade
balzam-o, balsam
balsamine
balzamen-o,
bamboo
bambu-o,
ban-i, to bathe
banan-o, banana
band-o, band, gang
bandag-o, bandage
banderol-o,
a
strip
of
barium
bark-o, bark
(boat)
barometr-o,
barometer
bas-o, base {niusic)
basen-o, reservoir
bask-o, skirt of garment
bast-o, inner bark of tree
bastard-o, bastard
bastion-o, bastion
baston-o, stick
baslik-o, kind of hood
bat-i, to beat
batal-i, to fight
batalion-o, battalion
batat-o, sweet
potato
bateri-o, battery
bandit-o, bandit
batist-o, cambric, lawn
bank-o, bank (financial) bavar-o, a Bavarian
baz-o, chemical base
bankier-o, banker
paper
bankrot-i,
fail
to
business
bant-o, bow of ribbon
bapt-i, baptize
bar-i, to obstruct
barak-o,
barracks
barakt-i, to struggle
barb-o,
beard
barbar-o, barbarian
barbarism-o,
barbarism
in
bazalt-o,
basalt
bazar-o, bazar
bazilik-o, basilica
bazilisk-o, basilisk
bed-o, garden-bed
bedaur-i,
to
regret
beduen-o, Bedouin
bek-o, beak
bel-a, fine,beautiful.
beladon-o,
belladonna
Es;peranto-English
Vocabulary
II
benefic-o, benefice
benk-o, bench
benzin-o, benzine
benzol-o, benzola
ber-o, berry
berber-o, a Berber
beril-o, beryl
best-o, beast
bet-o, beet
biret-o, biretta
encore
bis, once
more,
biskvit-o, biscuit
bismut-o, bismuth
bistr-o, bistre
bisturi-o, lancet
bitum-o, bitumen
bivak-o, bivouac
blank-a, white
blasfem-i,to blaspheme
blat-o, weevil
blazon-o, blazon
blek-o, cry of animal
betul-o, birch
bezon-i, to need,
blend-o, blende
blind-a, blind
beletristik-o,
belles-
lettres
belg-o,
ben-i,
a
to
Belgian
bless
want
bibli-o,Bible
raphy
bibliografi-o, bibliogbibliotek-o, library
bicikl-o,bicycle
bien-o, landed estate
bier-o, beer
bifstek-o, beefsteak
bigami-o, bigamy
bigot-a, bigoted
bil-o, promissory
note
;
bileto, ticket
bilanc-o, balance-sheet
bilard-o, billiards
bilion-o, billion
bild-o, picture,poster
bind-i, to bind (books)
binokl-o, binocular
biografi-o,biography
biologi-o, biology
"bird-o,bird
blok-o,
block
blond-a, blonde
blov-i, to blow
blu-a, blue
bluz-o, blouse
riage
bo, relationshipby mar: patro, father ;
ho^^Xvo, fat her 'in- law
boa-o, boa
boat-o, boat
boben-o, bobbin, spool
Bohemian
a
bohem-o,
boj-i, to bark
bojkot-i, to boycott
boks-i, to box
bol-i, to boil
Bolivi-o, Bolivia
bomb
bomb-o,
bombard-i, to bombard
bonbon
bombon-o,
^
bon-a, good
^^y^
12
Esperanto-English
bosk-o, grove,
park
bot-o, boot
botanik-o, botany
botel-o, bottle
bov-o, ox
bracelet-o, bracelet
brahiur-o, crab
(of body)
brak-o, arm
bream
(fish)
bram-o,
Brahmin
braman-o,
bran-o, bran
branco, branch
brand-o, brandy
brank-o, gills (of fish)
bras-i, to brace {naut.)
brasik-o, cabbage
brav-a, brave
brazil-o, a Brazilian
bre6-o, breach
bret-o, shelf
breton-o, a Breton
brev-o, papal breve
brevier-o, breviary
brid-o, bridle
brigad-o, brigade
brik-o, brick
briketo, briquette
bril-i, to shine
briliant-o, a brilliant
brit-a, British
broc-o, brooch
brod-i, to embroider
brog-i, to scald
brokant-i, to haggle
bromine
brom-o,
bronk-o, bronchial tube
Vocabulary
bronkit-o,
bronchitis
bronz-o, bronze
bros-o, brush
bro"ur-o, brochure
brov-o, eyebrow
bru-o, noise
brul-i, to burn ; bruligi,
to
cause
to
burn
brun-a, brown
brust-o, breast
brut-o, brute
bub-o, ragamuffin
bubal-o, buffalo
bu6i, to butcher
bud-o, booth, small store
budget-o, budget
buf-o, toad
bufed-o, buffet
bufr-o, buffer of car
buk-o, buckle
buked-o,
bouquet
bukl-o, ringlet,curl
buks-o, boxwood
bul-o, ball of earth
bulb-o, bulb, onion
bulgar-o, a Bulgarian
buljon-o, broth
bulk-o, roll (bread)
boulevard
bulvard-o,
bun-o, bun
burd-o, bumble-bee
burg-o, civilian,burgess
burgon-o, bud
burlesk-a, burlesque
burnoose
burnoos-o,
busprit-o, bowsprit
Esperanto-English
bust-o, bust
Vocabulary
bu"el-o, bushel
buter-o, butter
butik-o, store
buton-o, button
butor-o, bittern
buz-o, buzzard
car-o,
cezi-o,
caesmm
ci, thou
;
bu"-o,
mouth
czar
ced-i, cede, yield
cedr-o, cedar
cejan-o, cornflower
cel-i, to aim
cek-o,
Czech
celeri-o, celery
celuloid-o, celluloid
cembr-o, kind of pine
cement-o,
cend-o,
cent,
cement
cent
hundred
centav-o,
centavo
centigram-o, centigram
centilitr-o, centilitre
centim-o, centime
centimetr-o,
centr-o,
centimeter
centraliz-i, centralize
cenzur-i, to censure
cerb-o, brain
cercedul-o, teal
ceter-a,
ceteraj, and
cikumo, brown
cikut-o, hemlock
cinam-o,
cindr-o,
rest
so
owl
cim-o, bug
cimbal-o, cymbal
cinabr-o, cinnibar
deer
the
succory
cilindr-o, cylinder
ceremoni-o,
ceremony
ceri-o, cerium
cert-a, certain, sure
cerv-o,
cin, thee
cianacid-o,prussic acid
cibet-o, civet
cidoni-o, quince
cidr-o, cider
cifer-o, cipher, figure
cigan-o, gipsy
cigar-o, cigar
cigared-o, cigarette
cign-o, swan
cikad-o, cicada
cikatr-o, scar
cikl-o, cycle
ciklon-o, cyclone
ciklop-o, cyclop
cikoni-o, stork
cikori-o,
center
13
;
kaj
forth
cinnamon
ashes
cinik-a, cynical
cipres-o,
cypress
Esperanto- English
14
cir-o, shoe blacking
cirk-o, circus
cirkel-o, compass
cirkl-o, circle
stance
cirkonstanc-o, circum-
Vocabulary
cistern-o, cistern
cit-i, to cite, quote
citadel-o, citadel
citr-o, zither
citron-o, lemon
ary,
civil-a, civil(not milit-
cirkuler-o, a circular
flex
cirkumfleks-o, circum-
etc.)
civiliz-i,to civilize
civilizaci-OjCivilization
col-o, inch
6abrak-o, caparison
6agren-o, chagrin
6ef-, head
Cefurbo,
6ani-o, chamois
lain
chamber6ambelan-o,
6ek-o, check (on bank)
6el-o, cell (of matter ;
also of insects' comb)
Cemizo, shirt
cirkul-i,
to
circulate
cambro, room
6ampan-o,
champagne
6an-o,
cock
cap-o,
furred
(of gun)
cap
6apel-o, hat
6apitr-o, chapter
6ar, because, for, since
6ar-o, chariot
6arlatan-o, charlatan
Sarm-a,
charming
6arnir-o, hinge
6arpent-i, to do carpenter
principal;
or
metropolis,
Cen-o, chain
ceriz-o, cherry
6erk-o, coffin
6erp-i, to draw
from
6esi,
water
well
to
cease
6eval-o,
6i, the
horse
nearest
that ; tio 6i, this.
6ia, all, all such
6arpi-o, lint
reason
6ial, for every
ciam, always
cie, everywhere
cas-i,
6iel, in
work
to hunt
Casta, chaste
ee, at
tio,
:
every
way
6iel-o, heaven,
the
Cies, everybody's
sky"
i6
EsperantO'EnglUh
dekan-o, dean
deklam-i, to declaim
deklar-i, to declare
deklaraci-o, declaration
deklinaci-o, declension
dekliv-o, declivity
dekoraci-o, decoration
dekret-i, to decree
dekstr-a, right ; opposite
of left
deleg-i, to delegate
delegaci-o, delegation
delfen-o, dolphin
delikat-a, delicate
delir-o, delirium
delt-o, delta
demagog-o, demagogue
to ask
demand-i,
demokrat-o, democrat
cy
demokrati-o, democrademon
demon-o,
denar-o, denarius
dens-a, dense
dent-o, tooth
denunc-i, to denounce
departement-o,
ment
departof government
depe"-o, dispatch
depon-i, to deposit
deput-i, to depute
deriv-i, to derive
des
pli, the more
desegn-i, to design
desert-o, dessert
desinfekt-i, disinfect
Vocabulary
despot-o, despot
despotisni-o,despotisEr
destin-i, to destine
detal-o, detail
detektiv-o, detective
determin-i, determine'
detru-i, to destroy
dev-i, ought, must
devi-i, to deviate
deven-o, origin
deviz-o, emblem, device
dezert-o, desert
dezir-i, to desire
Di-o, God
diabet-o, diabetes
diabl-o, devil
diadem-o, diadem
diafan-a, diaphanous
diafragm-o, diaphragm
diagnostik-o, diagnosis
diagnoz-i, to diagnose
diagonal-a, diagonal
diakon-o, deacon
dialekt-o, dialect
dialog-o, dialogue
diamond
diamant-o,
diametr-o, diameter
diant-o, a pink
diapazon-o, diapason
dibo6-o, debauSh
didaktik-a, didactic
didelf-o, kangaroo
diet-o, diet
difekt-i, to damage
diferenc-i, to differ
difin-i, to define
Esperanto-English
difteri-o, diphtheria
diftong-o, diphthong
dig-o, dike, dam
digest-i,to digest
idiism-o, deism
dik-a, thick; also ''fat*'
dikt-i, to dictate
diktator-o, dictator
dilem-o, dilemma
dilet-i, to delight in
diligent-a, diligent
dimanC-o,
Sunday
dimensi-o, dimension
diminutiv-o, diminutive
dinam-o, dynamo
dinamik-o,
dynamics
dinamit-o, dynamite
dinasti-o, dynasty
diplom-o, diploma
diplomat-o, diplomat
diplomati-o, diplomacy
dir-i,to say
direkci-o, management,
board
of directors
direkt-i,to direct
direktor-o, director
direktori-o, directory
dis, indicates separation
or
scattering : "iri,
to
tear ;
dis"iri, to
tear
to
pieces,
disciplin-o, discipline
disenteri-o, dysentery
disertaci-o, dissertation
disk-o, disc
diskont-o, discount
Vocabulary
17
diskret-a, discreet
diskut-i, to discuss
dispepsi-o, dyspepsia
dispon-i, to dispose
disput-i, to dispute
distanc-o, distance
distil-i,to distil
disting-i,to distinguish
distr-i,
to
distract
distribu-i,to distribute
distrikt-o, district
divan-o, divan
diven-i, to guess
divers-a, various
diverg-i, to diverge
divid-i, to divide
dividend-o, dividend
divizi-o, division (army
do, indeed
docent-o, docent, tutor
dog-o, large dog, mastiff
dogm-o, dogma
dot-o, doge
doktor-o,
doctor
doktrin-o, doctrine
dokutnent-o, document
dolar-o, dollar
dolCa, sweet
dolor-o, pain
dom-o,
house
domag-o,
pity
domino
domen-o,
don-i, to give
a gift
donac-i, to make
dorlot-i, coddle, nurse
dorm-i, to sleep
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
i8
dorm-i,
sleep
to
driad-o, dryad
drink-i, to tipple
drog-o, drug
dromedar-o, dromedary
dron-i, to drown ; droto drown
nigi, cause
druid-o, druid
du, two
dub-i, to doubt
duel-i, fight a duel
duet-o, duet
duk-o, duke
dukat-o, ducat
dum, during, while
dung-i, to hire
duplikat-o, duplicate
dur-o, a Spanish coin
du"-o, douche
dorn-o, a thorn
dors-o, back
dct-i, to give a dower
dose
doz-o,
dragon-o, dragoon
drak-o, dragon
drakm-o, drachma
drakon-a, draconian
dram-o, drama
drap-o, cloth
drapir-i, to drape
drast-a, drastic
dra"-i, to thresh
drelik-o,
twilled cotton
goods, drilling
dren-i, to drain
dres-i, to train
"
e., abbreviation
e,
for ek-
zemple ; e. g.
sign of derived
:
ec,
abstract
bona, good
verb
ad-
be la, beautiful)
;
quality :
boneco,
goodness
ec,
even
; e6
se,
even
Eden-o, Eden
bele, beautifully
edif-i, to edify
eben-a, even
ebr, denotes possibility: edikt-o, edict
audi,
ebla,
to
hear
;
aud-
audible
ebon-o, ebony
ebri-a, inebriate, drunk
ebur-o, ivory
eduk-i, to educate
edz-o, a husband
efekt-o, effect
efektiv-a, real, actual
efemer-a, ephemeral
if
Esperanto-English
efemer-a, ephemeral
efik-i,to effect
eg', increased degree
wind
vento,
ventego,
tempest
\
ekskrement-o,
egal-a, equal
Egid-o, ^gis
egipt-o, an Egyptian
eglefin-o, haddock
eglog-o, eclogue
egoism-o, egotism
egoist-o,egotist
lern-i,
to
learn
to
:
; ler-
nejo, a school
ek', prefix indicating an
action
or
of
short
sudden
ning
begin-
brili, to shine
ekbrili, to flash
ekip-i, to equip
eklektik-a, eclectic
eklezi-o,
church
tion
ekspertiz-o, investigaby experts
eksplod-i, to explode
ekspluat-i, to exploit,
to
tion
dura-
:
;
work
eksport-i, to export
ekspozici-o, exhibition,
exposition
ekspres-a, express,posekstaz-o,
porization
extem-
(the
ex
:
ex-
president,
excellency
(title)
ekster, outside
eksterm-i,
exterminate
ekstr-a, extra
ekstrakt-o, extract
extreme
ekvaci-o, equation
ekvator-o, equator
ekvilibr-o, equilibrium
equili-'
ekvilibrism-o,
ibrism
ekscentr-a,
eksces-o,
ecstasy
ekstemporal-o,
ekstrem-a,
ekscelenc-0,
out
itive
institution)
eklips-o, eclipse
ekliptik-o,ecliptic
ekonom-o,
ent
superintendeks', of the past,
eksprezidanto,
ment
excre-
ekskurs-o, excursion
ekspansi-o, expansion
eksped-i, to expedite
eksperiment-o,
iment
exper-
eli-o,echo
ej', place devoted
19
ekscit-i, to excite
eksklusiv-a, exclusive
to
communicate
exekskomunik-i,
cr
size:
Vocabulary
eccentric
excess
ekvivalent-o,
lent
equiva-
Esperanto-English
20
ekvivok-a, equivocal
ekzakt-a,
ally
mathematic-
emajl-o, enamel
emancipi-i, emancipate
embaras-o,
exact
ekzamen-i,
to
brance
encum-
examine
eksegez-o, exegesis
to
ekzekut-i,
put to
death, execute
ekzem-o, eczema
ekzempl-o, example
(of
ekzempler-o, copy
a book, etc.)
ekzerc-i, to exercise
ekzil-i,to exile
el, out
of, from, from
emblem
emblem-o,
embrasure
embrazur-o,
embri-o, embryo
ogy
embriologi-o, embryolembusk-o, ambush
emerit-o, 'emeritus
emfaz-o, emphasis
emigraci-o, emigration
eminence
eminenc-o,
(title)
among
elast-a, elastic
elefant-o, elephant
elegant-a, elegant
elegi-o, elegy
elekt-i,
Vocabulary
to
choose, elect
eminent
eminent-a,
emoci-o,
emotion
empiri-a, empirical
empirism-o,
empirism
en, in, into
enciklopedi-o, encyclopedia
elektr-o, electricity
elektroliz-o, electrolysis
tric
elecelektromotor-o,
endivi-o, endive
motor
energi-o, energy
enigm-o, enigma
element-o, element
elevator-o, elevator
bers;
enket-o, a poll of memelf-o, elf
inquest, inquiry
eleksir-o, elixir
elips-o, ellipse
elimini-i, to eliminate
{math, )
entomologi-o,
entomol,
I
ogy
entrepren-i,
entuziasm-o,
undertake
asm
enthusi-
elizi-i, to elide
elokvent-a, eloquent
em', inclination: labori,
to
work
;
industrious.
laborema,
enu-i,
to be
tired,dull
envi-i, to envy
eparhi-o, diocese
epideiiii-o, epidemic
'
Esperanto- English
Vocabulary
21
esplor-i, to explore
esprim-i, to express
est-i, to be
epiderm-o, epidermis
Epifani-o, Epiphany
epigraf-o, epigraph
epigram-o, epigram
epikurism-o, epicurism
epilepsi-o, epilepsy
epilog-o, epilogue
episkop-o, bishop
epistol-o, epistle
epitaf-o, epitaph
epitet-o, epithet
epitom-o, epitome
epizod-o, episode
epizooti-o, murrain
epok-o, epoch
epolet-o, epaulet
etag-o,story
epope-o,
etat-o, social rank
epopee
er*, unit, one
of
a
sabl-o, sand\
sablero, grain of sand
erar-i, to err
erik-o, heather
erinac-o, hedgehog
erizipel-o, erysipelas
ermine
ermit-o, hermit
erotik-a, erotic
erp-i, to harrow
erupci-o, eruption
escept-i, to except
esenc-o,
essence
eskadr-o, squadron
eskim-o, Esquimo
eskort-o, escort
esoter-a,
esoteric
esper-i, to hope
esting-i, to extinguish
estr-o,
leader, chief
estrad-o, rostrum
e"afod-o, executioner's
scaffold
of size
et*, diminution
or
degree :
mountain
;
monto,
monteto,
hill
of
building
lection etend-i, to extend
col-
:
ermen-o,
establ-i, to establish
estetik-a, esthetic
estim-i, to esteem
eter-o, ether
eternal
etern-a,
etik-o, ethics
etiket-o, etiquette
etimologi-o, etymology
etiop-o, an Ethiopian
etnologi-o, ethnology
euphemism
eufemism-o
eunuk-o,
Europ-o,
eunuch
Europe
evangeli-o, gospel
eventual-a,
eventual,
contingent
evident-a, evident
evit-i, to avoid
evoluci-o, evolution
esofag-o, esophagus
ezok-o,
pike (fish)
22
Esperanto-English
fab-0, bean
fabel-o, story (fiction)
fabl-o, fable
fabrik-o, factory
facil-a, easy
faden-o, thread
faeton-o, phaeton
fag-o, beech
fajenc-o, earthenware
fajf-i,to whistle
fajl-i,to file
fajr-o, fire
fak-o, section, division
fakir-o, fakir
faksimil-o, fac simile
fakt-o, fact
man
faktor-o, printer'sfore-
faktori-o, business
pot,
de-
agency
faktur-o, invoice
fakultat-o, faculty (of
college, etc.)
fal-i,to fall
falang-o, phalanx
falbal-o, furbelow
fal6-i,to mow
fald-i,to fold
falk-o, falcon
terate
fals-i, to falsify, adulfalt-o, a wrinkle
Vocabulary
fam-o,
rumor
famili-o, family
familiar-a, familiar
fanatik-a, fanatical
fand-i, to melt (metals)
fanfar-o, fanfare
fanfaron-i, to boast
fantazi-o, fancy
fantom-o, phantom
far-i, to make, do
fara-o, Pharaoh
faring-o, pharynx
farize-o, pharisee
farm-i, to farm
farmaci-o, pharmacy
(as to
fart-i, to fare
I
health
or
safety)
farun-o, flour
fasad-o, facade
fask-o, bundle
fars-o, farce
fason-o, shape
cut
of
a
garment
fast-o, fast, abstinence
fatal-a, fatal
fatalism-o, fatalism
fauk-o, jaw, opening
fav-o, ringworm
favor-a, favorable
faz-o, phase (of the
etc.)
moon,
fazan-Oj pheasant
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
24
Finland-o, Finlando
firm-o, a firm
fisk-o, public treasury
fistul-o,fistula
fi"-o, a fish
fizik-o, physics
fiziologi-o,physiology
fizionomi-o,
nomy
physiogfjord-o, fjord
flag-o, banner, signal
flag
flagr-i,to flicker,flare
flam-o, flame
flan-o, custard
flanel-o, flannel
flank-o, side
flar-i,to smell
flat-i,to flatter
flav-a, yellow
fleg-i,to nurse
flegm-o, phlegm
fleksi-o, inflection
flik-i,to patch, mend
flirt-i,to flirt
flok-o, flake
flor-i,to flower, bloom
floren-o, florin
flos-o, raft
flu-i, to flow
flug-i,to fly
fluid-a, liquid
flut-o,flute
foir-o, a fair
foj-o, **time"; unufojo,
one
time
*
fojn-o, hay
fok^o, seal
foken-o, porpoise
fokus-o, focus
foli-o, leaf
foment-i, foment
fond-i, to found
fonetik-a, phonetic
fonograf-o, phonograph
font-o, spring of water
fontan-o, fountain
from
for, away
forges-i, to forget
forg-i, to forge (metals)
fork-o, fork
form-o, form, shape
formaci-o, formation
fprmal-a, formal
format-o,size and shape
of
a
book
formik-o, ant
formul-o, formula
forn-o, stove, oven
fort-a, strong
fortepian-o, piano
tial
fortik-a,solid, substanforum-o, forum
fos-i, to dig
fosfor-o, phosphorus
fost-o, stake, post
fotograf-i, to
graph
photo-
frag-o, strawberry
fragment-o, fragment
fraj-o,spawn
Esperanto-English
frak-o, evening
dress
coat
frakas-i, to shatter
frakci-o, fraction
fraksen-o, ash (tree)
freemason
framason-o,
framb-o, raspberry
franc-o, a Frenchman
frand-i, to be fond of
Vocabulary
25
front-o, front of army
fronton-o, gable
frost-o,frost
frot-i,to rub
fru-e, early
frugileg-o, rook
frukt-o, fruit
frunt-o, forehead
ftiz-o,consumption
fug-o, fugue
fulard-o, foulard
fulg-o, soot
fulm-o, lightning
fum-i, to smoke
fund-o, bottom
tion
foundafundament-o,
^
sweets
frangol-o, black alder
frang-o, fringe
frank-o, franc
frap-i, to knock
frat-o, brother
man
fraul-o, unmarried
fraz-o, phrase
fregat-o,frigate
fremd-a, foreign
frenez-a, mad, crazy
fresk-o, fresco
fre"-a, fresh
fring-o,chaffinch
fringel-o,canary
fripon-o, rascal, rogue
fris-o,frieze
frit-i, to fry
frivol-a,frivolous
friz-i,to curl (the hair)
fromag-o, cheese
gabi-o, gabion
gad-o, codfish
funebr-o, funeral
funel-o, funnel
fung-o, mushroom
funkci-o, function
funt-o, pound
furag-o, forage
furioz-a, furious
furor-o, furore
furunk-o, a boil
fusten-o, fustian
fu"-i, to bungle, botch
fut-o, foot (measure)
fuzilier-o, fusilier
gaj-a,
gay
gajn-i, to gain
26
Esperanto-English
gal-o, bile,gall
galant-o, snowdrop
galanteri-o, toilet
ge*, prefixmeaning
sexes:
ticles
ar-
galantin-o, galantine
galen-o, galena
galer-o, ship's galley
galeri-o, gallery
galicism-o, gallicism
gall-a, Gallic
galop-i, to gallop
galo"-o, galosh
galvan-a, galvanic
galvanism-o,galvanism
gamut
gam-o,
gangrene
glove
garanti-i, to guarantee
garb-o, a sheaf
gard-i, to guard
gardeni-o, gardenia
gargar-i, to gargle
garn-i, garnish,decorate
garnitur-o, garniture
garnizon-o, garrison
garol-o, jay
gant-o,
gas-o,
gas
gast-o, guest
gastronomi-o,
gavot-o,
gaz-o,
omy
gastron-
gavotte
gauze
gazel-o, gazelle
gazet-o, gazette
patro,
both
father
;
gepatroj, parents,
gehen-o, gehenna
gelaten-o, gelatine
gem-o,
gem
gencian-o, gentian
genealogi-o, genealogy
general-o, a general
generaci-o,a generation
geni-o, genius, talent
genitiv-o, genitive
genot-o, genet
gent-o, tribe
genu-o,
gama"-o, gaiter
gangli-o, ganglion
gangren-o,
Vocabulary
knee
geografi-o, geography
geologi-o, geology
geometri-o, geometry
gerani-o, geranium
german-a,
German
gerundi-o, gerundive
gest-o,
gesture
gigant-o, a giant
gild-o, guild
gimnastik-a, gymnastic
gimnazi-o, a college
gine-o, guinea (coin)
gips-o, gypsum
girfalk-o,gerfalcon
girland-o, garland
gitar-o, guitar
glace-a, spick and span,
**dress-"
glaci-o, ice
glad-i, to iron, smooth
gladiator-o, gladiator
Esperanto- English
glan-o, acorn
gland-o, gland
glas-o, drinking-glass
glat-a, smooth
glav-o, sword
glazur-o, varnish
glicerin-o, glycerine
glieiriz-o,licorice
glikoz-o, glucose
glim-o, mica
glit-i, to glide
glob-o, globe
glor-i, to glorify
glu-i, to stick
glut-i, to swallow
gobi-o, gudgeon
golet-o, schooner
golf-o, gulf, bay
gondol-o, gondola
gorg-o, throat
goril-o, gorilla
27
granit-o, granite
gras-a,
fat
grat-i, to scratch
gratul-i, to congratulate
important
grav-a,
graved-a, enciente
gravur-i, to engrave
grek-o, a Greek
grain, cereal
gren-o,
grenad-o, grenade
Grenland-o,
Greenland
gri-o, oatmeal
grif-o,griffin
slate-pencil,
grifel-o,
stylus
gril-o, cricket
grimac-o, grimace
grinc-i, to grate, rasp
grip-o, influenza
griz-a, gray
grog-o,
grog
got-a, Gothic
gros-o,
gooseberry
graci-a, graceful
grad-o, grade, degree
grot-o, grotto
grotesk-a, grotesque
graf-o, earl, count
grafit-o,graphite
grajn-o, a grain, stone,
pip (of fruit)
grak-i, to croak
gru-o,
gram-o,
gram
gramatik-o, grammar
a grain, particle
gran-o,
pomegranate
grand-a, large, great
granat-o,
'
Vocabulary
grandioz-a, grandiose,
magnificent
grum-o,
crane
(bird)
groom
grumbl-i, to grumble
grunt-i, to grunt
grup-o,
guan-o,
group
guano
guberni-o, government
of a province or state
gudr-o, tar
guf-o, a large owl
gulden-o, gulden
gum-o,
gum
28
Esperanto- English
gurd-0, hand-organ
gust-o,
guvern-i,
private
gvardi-o,
taste
gustum-i, to taste
gut-i, to drip
gutaperk-o, gutta
Vocabulary
to educate
in
guard
of
a
soldiers
gvid-i, to guide
per-
cha
garden-o, garden
gem-i, to groan
gen-i, to hinder
gendarm-o, gendarme
general-a, general
gentil-a, polite
germ-o, germ
gi, it
gib-o, hump
gin-o, gin
ginece-o, gynecium
(df
gir-o, endorsement
note, draft,etc.)
giraf-o, giraffe
gis, till,until, as far as
givr-o, hoar-frost
goj-O, joy
gu-i, to enjoy
gust-a, just,exact
H
ha
halter-o, dumb-bell
ation
halucinaci-o, hallucin-
! ha ! ah I
Havana
Haban-o,
hajl-o, hail
hak-i, to hack
hal-Of a covered
haladz-o,
halebard-o,
offensive
ket-place
mar-
halation
ex-
halberd
helen-a, Hellenic
halt-i, to stop ; haltigi,
to cause
to stop
hammock
hamak-o,
hamster
hamstr-o,
har-o, hair
haradri-o, plover
hard-i, to
harden
harem-o,
harem
haring-o, herring
harmoni-o,
harmony
harp-o, harp
Esperanto-English
haut-o,
herni-o, hernia, rupture
hero-o, hero
harpoon
skin
herold-o, herald
neous
heterogeheterogen-a,
hav-i, jto have, possess
haven-o,
haven, port
hazard-o, hazard
he ! hey ! hello 1
hebre-o, Hebrew
heder-o, ivy
hejm-o, home
hejt-i, to heat
hecatomb
hekatomb-o,
ter
hexameheksametr-o,
hektar-o,
hetman-o,
h
e
k t
o
hiacint-o, hyacinth
hidr-o, hydra
hidrarg-o, mercury
hidraulik-o, hydraulics
hidrofobi-o, hydrophobia
-
hidrops-o, dropsy
hien-q, hyena
hierarlii-o,
hierarchy
graph
hektogram-o,
Cossack
a
chief
hectare
hektograf-o,
29
hermetik-a, air-tight
harpi-o, harpy
harpun-o,
Vocabulary
h
e
k t
o
-
gram
hektolitr-o, hektolitre
hektohektometr-o,
meter
hel-a, bright, glaring
helik-o, edible snail
heliotrop-o, heliotrope
helium-o, helium
help-i, to help, assist
piles
hemorojd-o,
hepat-o, liver
heraldik-o, heraldry
herb-o, herb, grass
herbari-o, herbarium
hered-i, to inherit
herez-o, heresy
phrodite
hermahermafrodit-o,
yesterday
hieroglif-o,hieroglyph
higien-o, hygiene
hierau,
himn-o,
hind-o,
hymn
a
Hindoo
hiperbol-o, hyperbole
hipnot-a, hypnotic
hipodrom-o,
hippo-
drome
hipokrit-i,to pretend
tamus
hippopohipopotam-o,
hipotek-o, mortgage
hypothehipotenuz-o,
nuse
hipotez-o, hypothesis
hirt-a, bristly
hirud-o, leech
hirund-o,swallow(bird)
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
30
to be
hiskiam-o, henbane
hisop-o, hyssop
hispan-o, a Spaniard
horde-o, barley
histeri-o, hysteria
horizont-o,
histori-o, history
histrik-o, porcupine
horlog-o, clock
horoskop-o, horoscope
hortensi-o, hortensia
hospital-o, hospital
hotel-o, hotel
! oh ! ho
1
hoboj-o, hautboy, oboe
hodiaii, today
hok-o, hook
holand-a, Dutch
hold-o, hold of ship
human
being
hom-o,
athy
homeophomeopati-o,
homogen-a,
ho
ve!
honor-i,
huf-o, hoof
hulul-o, howlet
humane
human-a,
humer-o,
humerus
humble
humil-a,
humorous
humor-a,
hund-o,
dog
eous
homogen-
hura!
honest
to
honorari-o,
horizon
alas!
hungar-o,
honest-a,
ashamed
hor-o, hour
clown
histrion-o,
ho
hont-i,
honor
a
Hungarian
hurrah!
huz-o, large sturgeon
huzar-o, hussar
honorarium
H
chameleon
^ameleon-o,
liaos-o,chaos
tiemi-o,chemistry
tiimer-o, chimera
hin-o,
a
Chinese
hirurg-o,
surgeon
liirurgi-o,
surgery
person
cholera
Iioler-o,
choir
iior-o,
chorale
Iioral-o,
type,
Iiromotipi-o, chromo-
color-printing
ogy
tironologi-o,chronol-
Esperanto- English
32
Vocabulary
indign-i,to be indignant
insign-o,
indigen-o, a native
indikativ-o, indicative
individu-o, individual
insist-i, insist
induk-o, induction
indulg-i, to indulge
industri-o,
industry,
inspekt-i, to inspect
inspir-i, to inspire
instal-i, to install
instanc-o, instance
instig-i,to instigate
instinkt-o, instinct
business
inerci-o, inertia
infan-o, child
infanteri-o, infantry
infekt-i, to infect
infer-o, hell
infinitiv-o,infinitive
influ-i, to influence
mation
inform-i, to give inforinfuz-i, to infuse
ing', holdor for a single
object : plumo, ^en ;
plumingo, penholder,
ingven-o, groin
ingenier-o, engineer
iniciat-i,to initiate
iniciativ-o, initiative
injekt-i, to inject
ink-o, ink
inklin-o, inclination
inklusiv-e, inclusive
inkognit-o, incognito
inkub-o, nightmare
inkvizaci-o, inquisition
inkvizitor-o, inquisitor
inokul-i,to inoculate
insekt-o, insect
insid-i,to
msignia
ensnare
instituci-o, institution
institut-o, institute
instru-i, to instruct
instrukci-o, directions,
instructions
instrument-o,
musical
instrument
insul-o, island
insult-i, to insult
int*, the past participle:
aminte, having loved
integral-a, integral
intelekt-o, intellect
inteligent-a, intelligent
intenc-i, to intend
intens-a, intensive
inter, between, among
interdikt-o, interdict
interes-i, to interest
tion
interjekci-o, interjecintermit-i,
to
occur
at
intervals
intern-a,
internal
interpret-i, to interpret
interpunkci-o, punctuation
intervju-o, interview
English
EsperafitO'
intest-o, intestine
intim-a,
is*, sign
intimate
amis,
intrig-i,to intrigue
invad-i, to invade
invalid-o, invalid
invers-a,
Vocabulary
inverse
of past tense
did love,
Islam-o, Islam
Island-o, Iceland
ist',one occupied with
kuraci,
inversi-o, inversion
invit-i, to invite
io, something, anything
iom, somewhat,
some
ir-i, to go
33
cisto,
istm-o,
a
to
doctor.
isthmus
it*,past participle passive
:
amite,
having
been
loved,
ital-a, Italian
iu, anybody, somebody
j, sign of the plural :
knabo,
boy\ knaboj,
jen, behold, lo
jes, yes
Jesu-o, Jesus
jod-o, iodine
ju pli, the more
jubile-o, jubilee
jud-o, Jew
juft-o, Russia leather
jug-o, yoke
jaguar-o, jaguar
jalit-o,
yacht
jacket
jak-o, a round
jam, already, yet
jamb-o, iambus
Januar-o, January
japan-a, Japanese
jar-o, year
jard-o, yard (measure)
jasmen-o, jessamine
je, is
an
indefinite
osition
prep-
:
heal\ kura-
iris-o, iris
Irland-o, Ireland
ironi-o, irony
inventar-o, inventory
boys,
ja, indeed, in fact
:
izol-i, to isolate
Izrael-o, Israel
jugland-o, walnut
jugi, to judge
Juki, to itch
Juli-o, July
jun-a, young
jung-i, to harness
Juni-o, June
Esperanto-English
34
Vocabulary
jumper-o, jumper
junk-o, reed, stalk
noble
junkr-o, Prussian
jup-o, skirt
jurist-o, jurist
just-a, just,righteous
jut-o, jute
juvel-o, jewel
Jak-o, morning-coat
Jaket-o, jacket
Jaluz-a, jealous
Jargon-o, jargon
Jaiid-o,Thursday
Jet-i,to throw
joke-o, jockey
jongl-i, to juggle
jur-i, to swear
jurnal-o, newspaper
JUS, just,just now
K
k. c,
kaj
the
k.
and
ceteraj\
rest
kaj si7nilaj\and
s.,
similar
k. sekv., kaj sekvantaj,
and
k. a.,
following
kaj aliaj, and
ers
oth-
k. t. p., kaj iiel plu, and
so
forth
kab-o, cape of land
kabal-o, cabal
kaban-o, cabin, hut
kabinet-o, cabinet,
closet
kabl-o, cable
kabriolet-o, cab
ka-6o, batter, pap
kadavr-o, cadaver
kadenc-o, cadence
kadet-o, cadet
kadr-o, frame
kaduk-a, decrepit
kaf-o, coffee
kafr-o, kaffir
kag-o, cage
kahel-o, paving tile
kaj, and
kaj-o, quay, wharf
kajer-o, copy-book, a
book,
single
paper
number
of series
kajut-o, hut, cabin
kaka-o, cocoa
kakatu-o, cockatoo
kakt-o, cactus
kal-o, corn, callous
kalci-o, calcium
Espera7itO'English
kaldron-o, cauldron
scope
kalejdoskop-o, kaleidokalendar-o,
kalandr-i,
between
calendar
to
calendar
hot
rollers;to
mangle in laundry
kalendul-o, marigold
kale"-0, carriage
kalfatr-i,to calk
kalibr-o, caliber
kalif-o, caliph
kalik-o, cup, chalice
kalikot-o, calico
kalk-o, lime
kalkan-o, heel
heel
of
kalkanum-o,
shoe, etc.
kalkul-i, to calculate
kalomel-o, calomel
ers,
kalson-o, pair of drawpants
kalumni-i, to slander
comrade
kamarad-o,
cameo
kame-o,
draft, bill of
kambi-o,
exchange
kamel-o, camel
fire-place
kamen-o,
box-room
kamer-o,
short nightkamizol-o,
dress
camlet
kamlot-o,
camomile
kamomil-o,
kamp-o, field
kan-o, rush, reed,
cane
Vocabulary
35
kanab-o, hemp
kanaben-o, linnet
Canada
Kanad-o,
kanajl-o, scoundrel
kanal-o, canal
kanap-o, sofa, couch
kanari-o, canary
kanastr-o, canister
kancelier-o, chancellor
kand-o,
candy
kandel-o, candle
brum
candelakandelabr-o,
kandidat-o, candidate
kanibal-o, cannibal
kankr-o, crawfish
(church
kanon-o, canon
law)
church
a
kanonik-o,
canon
official,
kant-i, to sing
kantarid-o, cantharides
kantat-o, cantata
kantin-o, canteen
kanton-o, canton
kantor-o, chanter
kanvas-o, canvas
kap-o, head
kapabl-a, capable
kapel-o, chapel
kaper-i, seize as a prize
vested
kapital-o, capital, inmoney
kapitan-o, captain
)
kapitel-o,capital(^r^/?.
kapitol-o,capitol
36
Esperanto- English Vocabulary
karikatur-i, caricature
kariofil-o, clove
kariol-o, carry-all
karmin-o, carmine
karn-o, flesh
karnival-o, carnival
(in
karo-o, diamonds
cards)
karob-o, carob-bean
karot-o, carrot
karp-o, carp
Karpat-oj, Carpathians
karpen-o, yoke-elm
monk
kart-o, card
kartav-i, to speak thick
kapu6-o, capuche, cowl
kartel-o, cartel
kar-a, dear
kartilag-o, cartilage
karaben-o, carbine
karaf-o, decanter
kartoc-o, cartridge
karakter-o, disposition karton-o, paper board
terize
karusel-o, carousal
karakteriz-i, to charackas-o, money-drawer
karamel-o, caramel
kasaci-o, cassation
karas-o, crucian (fish) kaserol-o, saucepan
kask-o, helmet
karavan-o, caravan
karb-o,
kaskad-o, cascade
charcoal; terkarbo, "tonkarbo, coal
kast-o, caste
karbol-o, carbol
kastel-o, castle
kastor-o, beaver
karbonad-o, carbonate
kastr-i, geld
karbunkol-o, carbuncle
ka"-i, to hide
karcer-o, prison
ka"tan-o, chestnut
kard-o, thistle
kat-o, cat
kardel-o, goldfinch
katafalk-o, catafalque
kardinal-o, cardinal
catacomb
katakomb-o,
kares-i, to caress
katalepsi-o, catalepsy
karier-o, career
karik-o, sedge, rush
katalog-o, catalogue
kapitulac-i, capitulate
kapon-o, capon
kapor-o, caper-bush
kaporal-o, corporal
kapot-o, cape
kapr-o, goat
kapreol-o, roebuck
kapric-o, caprice, whim
Kaprikorn-o, Capricorn
kapstan-o, capstan
kapsul-o, capsule
kapt-i, to catch
kapu6en-o,
capuchin
Es;PerantO'
English Vocabulary
kataplasm-OjCataplasm
katar-o, catarrh
katarakt-o, cataract (of
the eye)
katastrof-o,catastrophe
category
kategori-o,
katehism-o, catechism
katen-oj, fetters
katolik-a, catholic
katun-o, cotton cloth
kaiici-o, bail, security
kau6uk-o, rubber
kaiir-i,to cower,
squat
kauteriz-i, to cauterize
kauz-i, to cause
kav-o, hole, pit
kavaleri-o, cavalry
kavalir-o, cavalier
kavalkad-o, cavalcade
den
kavern-o, cavern,
kaviar-o, caviare
(grammar)
kaz-o, case
kaze-o, curds
kazein-o, caseine
kazemat-o, casemate
kazern-o, barracks
kazin-o,
casino
ke, that (conjunction)
kegl-o, skittle
kel-o, cellar
kelk-e,
some,
a
few
kelner-o, waiter
ken-o, resinous wood
kep-o, a peaked cap
ker-o, hearts (cards)
kerub-o, cherub
kest-o,
37
chest, box
kestrel-o, kestrel
kia, what, what kind of
kial, why
kiam, when
kie, where
kiel, how
kies, whose
kil-o, keel
kilogram-o, kilogram
kilolitr-o, kiloliter
kilometr-o, kilometer
kimr-o, a Welshman
matograph
cinekinematograf-o,
kinin-o, quinine
kio, what, what thing
kiom, how much
kiras-o, cuirass, armor
kirl-i,to whirl rapidly
kir"-o, cherry cordial
kis-i,to kiss
kitel-o, a workman's
blouse
kiu, who,
which
klaft-o,fathom
klak-i, to clack, clatter
klap-o, valve, plug
klar-a, clear, distinct
klarnet-o, clarinet
klas-o, class (category)
klasifik-i,to classify
klasik-a, classic
klav-o, key (of piano,
typewriter, etc.)
klemat-o, clematis
38
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
kler-a, well-informed
klerik-a, of the clergy
klient-o, client
klimat-o, climate
klin-i, to incline
kling-o, blade
klinik-o, clinic
klister-o, clyster
klis-i,to stereotype
drain
kloak-o, sewer,
klopod-i, to strive for
klor-o, chlorine
kloroz-o, chlorosis
klo"-a, bell-shaped
klub-o, club (society)
kluk-i, to cluck
kluz-o, sluice
knab-o, boy
knar-i, to grate, creak
kned-i, to knead
knut-o, knout
koaks-o, coke
kobalt-o, cobalt
koalici-o, coalition
kobold-o, goblin, imp
kocinel-o, cochineal
kod-o, code
kodeks-o, codex
kodicil-o, codicil
kofr-o, travelling trunk
koincid-i, to coincide
kojn-o, wedge
kok-o, cock, rooster
kokard-o, cockade
kokcinel-o, ladybird
koket-a, coquettish
koklu"-o,
whoopingcough
kokon-o, cocoon
kokos-o, cocoanut
koks-o, hip
kol-o, neck
kolbas-o, sausage
koleg-o, colleague
kolegi-o, college
kolekt-i, to collect
kolektiv-a, collective
koler-o, anger
kolerik-a, choleric
kolibr-o, humming-bird
kolik-o, colic
kolimb-o, diver (bird)
kolizi-o,collision
kolodi-o, coUodium
kolomb-o, dove, pigeon
kolon-o, pillar,column
kolonel-o, colonel
koloni-o, colony
kolor-o, color
koloratur-o, colorature
kolos-o, colossus
kolport-i, hawk, peddle
kolubr-o, adder
koluni-o, collar
kolz-o, rape (plant)
kom-o, comma
to command
komand-i,
(army)
der
commankomandor-o,
(of an order)
komb-i, to comb
kombin-i, to combine
Esperanto- English Vocabulary
40
konfekci-o, the clothing
business
konferenc-o, conference
konfes-i, to confess
konfid-i, to confide
tial
konfidenci-a, confidenkonfirm-i, to confirm
ation
confirmkonfirmaci-o,
(church)
konfisk-i,to confiscate
konfit-i,to preserve
konflikt-o, conflict
ity
konform-a, in conform-
konserv-i,
to
conserve
konservativ-a,
vative
conser-
konservatori-o,
vatory
conser-
konsider-i, to consider
konsil-i, to advise
konsist-i,to consist
konsistori-o, consistory
konsol-i, to console
konsonant-o, consonant
konspir-i, to conspire
konstant-a, constant
konstat-i, to declare
tion
konstelaci-o, constella-
konfuz-i, to confound
glomeration konstern-i, to dismay
conkonglomerat-o,
tion
konstituci-o, constitukongregaci-o,
gation
congrekonstru-i, to erect
konsul-o, consul
kongres-o, congress
konsult-i, to consult
konifer-o, conifer
to consume
konsum-i,
konjak-o, cognac
konjekt-i, to conjecture kont-o, trade account
kontakt-o, contact
konjugaci-i, conjugate
kontant-o, ready money
konjunkci-o,
tion
conjunckontent-a, satisfied
kontinent-o, continent
konk-o, shell
gent
continkonkav-a, concave
kontingent-o,
konklud-i, to conclude
konkret-a, concrete
kontraband-o,
gling
smugkonkur-i, to compete
base viol
kontrabas-o,
konkurs-o, competition
kontrakt-i, to contract
konsci-i, be conscious
konscienc-o, conscience
kontrast-o, contrast
kontrau, against
konsent-o, consent
Esperanto-English
kontrol-i, control
kontur-o, outline
kontuz-i, to bruise
konus-o, cone
konval-o,
lily of the
valley
konveks-a, convex
konven-i, to suit
konvenci-o, convention,
agreement
konvert-i,
converge
konversaci-o,
coral
koran-o, Koran
korb-o, basket
kord-o, chord
kordon-o, cordon
korekt-i, to correct
korelativ-a, correlative
spond
korespond-i, to correkoridor-o, corridor
kork-o, cork
korn-o, horn
korne-o, cornea
kornet-o, cornet
kornic-o, cornice
kornik-o, crow
korp-o, body
korporaci-o,
41
tion
corpora-
korpus-o, army corps
korsaj-o, corsage
korsar-o, corsair
korset-o, corset
kort-o, yard, court
korv-o, raven
kosmetik-o, cosmetic
kosm-o, cosmos
kosmopolit-a,
politan
cosmo-
sation
conver-
konvert-i, to convert
konvink-i, to convince
konvulsi-o, convulsion
kopek-o, kopeck
kopi-i, to copy
kor-o, heart
koral-o,
Vocabulary
kost-i, to cost
kostum-o, costume
kot-o, mud
kotiz-i, to pay dues
kotolet-o, chop, cutlet
koton-o, cotton
koturn-o, quail
kov-i, to brood
kovert-o, envelope
kovr-i, to cover
kozak-o, Cossack
krab-o, crab, crawfish
krabr-o, hornet
kra6-i, to spit
krad-o, grate
krajon-o, pencil
krak-i, to crack
kramp-o, fulcrum
kran-o, tap
krani-o, cranium
kratag-o, hawthorn
krater-o, crater
kravat-o, cravat
kre-i, to create
Espc7'ant
42
0-
English
kred-i, to believe
kredit-o, credit
kreditor-o, creditor
krejcer-o, kreutzer
krem-o, cream
kreol-o, Creole
krep-o, crape
krepusk-o, twilight
kres-o, cress
kresk-i, to grow
kresp-o, pancake
(of
krest-o, crest, comb
fowl)
krestomati-o, chrestobirds
or
mathy
kret-o, chalk
krev-i, to burst
kri-i,to cry
kribr-i, to sift
krim-o, crime
kriminal-a, criminal
kring-o, a ring-shaped
cracker
or
biscuit
kripl-a, crippled
kript-o, crypt
Krist-o, Christ
kristal-o, crystal
kriteri-o, criterion
kritik-i, to criticise
kriz-o, crisis
krizalid-o, chrysalis
krizantem-o,
themum
chrysankro6-i, to hook
krokodil-o, crocodile
krom, except
Vocabulary
krom-o, chromo
kron-o, crown
kronik-o, chronicle
kronologi-o, chronology
krop-o, crop (of birds)
kroz-i, to cruise
kruc-o, cross
krucum-i, to crucify
kru6-o, jug, pitcher
krud-a, crude, raw
kruel-a, cruel
krup-o, croup
krur-o, leg
krust-o, crust
krut-a, steep
kub-o, cube
kubut-o, elbow
kudr-i, to sew
kuf-o, woman's
cap
bullet
kugl-o,
kuir-i, to cook
kuk-o, cake
kukol-o, cuckoo
cucumber
kukum-o,
kukurb-o, pumpkin
kul-o, gnat
kuler-o.
spoon
kulp-a, guilty
kult-o, cult
kultur-o, culture
kun, with
kunikl-o, rabbit
kup-o, cupping-glass
kupe-o,
compartment
in railway car
kupol-o, dome, cupola
Esperanto- English
kupon-o, coupon
kur-i, to run
kurac-i, to treat, cure
kurag-a, courageous
kurator-o, curator
kurb-o, curve
kuri-o, papal council
kurier-o, courier
kurioz-a, uncommon
kurs-o, course
kursiv-a,
cursive
kurtag-o, brokerage
kurten-o, curtain
kusen-o, cushion
ku"-i, to be lying down
kutim-o,
habit, custom
kutr-o, cutter (boat)
kuv-o, tub
kuz-o, cousin
kvadrant-o,
quadrant
kvadrat-o, square
kvadril-o, quadrille
kvaker-o, Quaker
r, la, the
labor-i, to work
lac-a, tired
lacert-o, lizard
lac-o, lacing-string
lad-o, tin
laf-o, lava
lag-o, lake
lagun-o, lagoon
laik-o, layman
lak-o, varnish
Vocabulary
43
kvalifik-i,to qualify
kvalit-o, quality
kvankam,
although
kvant-o, quantity
kvar, four
kvaranten-o,
tine
quarankvarc-o, quartz
kvart-o, fourth (music)
or
kvartal-o,
quarter
section
of
a
town
kvartet-o, quartet
kvazau, as if
kver-i,
to
coo
kverk-o, oak
kvestor-o, questor
kviet-a, calm
kvin, five
sence
kvintesenc-o, quinteskvit-a, quit
kvitanc-i, to receipt for
kvocient-o, quotient
lake-o, lackey
lakon-a, laconic
laks-o, diarrhoea
lakt-o, milk
lam-a, lame
lam-o, llama
lamp-o, lamp
lampir-o, glow-worm
lan-o, wool
lanc-o, lance, spear
land-o, land, country
Esperanto- English
44
lang-o, tongue
lani-o, shrike
lantern-o,
'
lantern
lanug-o, down
lap-o, bur
lapis-o, lapis
lar-o, sea-gull
lard-o, lard
larg-a, wide
larik-o, larch
laring-o, larynx
larm-o, tear (of eye)
las-i, to leave
last-a, last
.
lat-o, lath
latin-a,Latin
latrin-o,cesspool, closet
latuk-o, lettuce
laii,according to
laiib-o, arbor
laud-i, to praise
launtenis-o, lawn tennis
laur-o, laurel
laureat-o, laureate
laiit-e,loudly
lav-i,
to wash
lavang-o, avalanche
lavend-o, lavender
lazur-a, azure
Vocabulary
legom-o, vegetable
legumin-o, legume
leg-o, law
lek-i,
to
lick
lekant-o, marguerite
lekci-o, lecture
leksikon-o, lexicon
lektor-o, lecturer
lent-o, lentil
lentug-o, freckle
leon-o, lion
leontod-o, dandelion
leopard-o, leopard
lepor-o, hare
lepr-o, leprosy
lern-i,
to learn
lert-a, clever
lesiv-o, wholesale
ing
wash-
of clothes
letargi-o,lethargy
leter-o, letter
leiitenant-o, lieutenant
leuk-o, league (measure)
lev-i, to lift
li, he
lian-o, bindweed
libel-o, dragon-fly
liber-a, free
liberal-a, liberal (/^/.)
liberalism-o, liberalism
libr-o, book
led-o, leather
lice-o, lyceum, French
leg-i, to read
college
legat-o, legate
lien-o, spleen
legend-o, legend
lig-i,to tie, to bind
legi-o, legion
legitim-i, to legitimize lign-o, wood
lecion-o, lesson
Esperanto-English
liken-o, lichen
likvid-i, to liquidate
likvor-o, liquor
lili-o, lily
lim-o, limit
limak-o, snail
limf-o, lymph
limonad-o, lemonade
lin-o, flax
linari-o, red linnet
lin6-i, to lynch
lingv-o, language
lingvistik-o,linguistics
lini-o,line
link-o, lynx
lip-o,lip
lir-o, lyre
lirik-o,lyric
Vocabulary
45
log-i,to allure
logik-o, logic
log-i,to dwell
logi-o, theater box
lojal-a, loyal
lojt-o,lote
lok-o, place
tive
locomolokomotiv-o,
lol-o,tares
long-a, long
lonicer-o, honeysuckle
lorn-o, field-glass
lot-i, to draw
lots
loteri-o, lottery
lu-i, to hire
lud-i, to play
luks-o, luxury
lul-i, to lull to sleep
list-o, list
lum-i, to shine
lit-o,bed
litani-o, litany
lumb-o, loins
liter-o,letter (alphabet) lumbrik-o, earthworm
literatur-o, literature
lun-o, moon
litograf-i,to lithograph lunatik-o, lunatic
lund-o, Monday
litov-a, Lithuanian
lup-o, wolf
litr-o,litre
lupop-o, hop (plant)
liturgi-o,liturgy
lustr-o, luster
liut-o, lute
lut-i, to solder
liver-i, to deliver
livr-o, pound (sterling) luteran-o, Lutheran
lutr-o, otter
livre-O, livery
lod-o, half-ounce
M
maC-o,
bread
unleavened
mafi-i, to chew
madonna
madon-o,
Esperanto- English
46
Vocabulary
magi-o, magic
magistrat-o, magistrate
malvarmum-i,
magnat-o,
magnet-o,
mamo,
magnate
magnet
man-o,
breast, udder
mammoth
hand
mana-o,
manna
mandarin
mandaren-o,
mandat-o, money-order
mandolin
mandolin-o,
a n
m
mandragor-o,
maneg-o, riding-school
mant-i, to eat
mani-o, mania
manier-o,
manner
manifest-o, manifesto
manik-o, sleeve
manipul-i, manipulate
mank-i, to be lacking
manovr-o,
makrop-o,
kangaroo
maxim
maksim-o,
mum
maximaksimum-o,
maneuver
mantel-o,
a
mantil-o,
mantilla
malic-a,
:
facture
manu-
cuff
manum-o,
manuskript-o,
mar-o,
malaj-o, Malay
malari-o, malaria
ankle
maleol-o,
ing
malgraii, notwithstand-
mantle,
cloak
manufaktur-o,
bad,
sea,
script
manu-
ocean
mar6ipan-o, marchpane
mar6-o, marsh
marcand-i, to bargain
mard-o, Tuesday
garine
oleomarmargarin-o,
malicious
malt-o, malt
-
drake
business
makul-o, spot, stain
makzel-o, jaw
denotes contrary
mar,
bona, good) malbona,
take
cold
mamut-o,
magnetiz-i, magnetize
magnoli-o,
magnolia
mahagon-o,
mahogany
Mahomet
Mahomet-o,
maizo, maize, corn
Maj-o, May
majest-a, majestic
majolik-a, majolica
major-o, army
major
of an
majstr-o, master
art, trade, etc.
macadam
makadam-o,
macaroon
makaron-o,
makaroni-o, macaroni
age
makler-i, to do broker-
to
margen-o, margin
48
EspcrantO'English
melis-o, garden mint
melk-i, to milk
melodi-o, melody
drama
melomelodram-o,
Vocabulary
metalurgi-o,metallurgy
morphosis
metametamorfoz-o,
meti-o,
self
selves
or
craft
trade, handi-
metod-o, method
member
membr-o,
membrane
membran-o,
to remember
memor-i,
mend-i, order (goods)
spirit, mind,
mens-o,
distinct from
mensog-i, to
menstruaci-o,
matter
tell
a
struation
men-
menton-o,
chin
mentor-o,
mentor
menu-o,
menu
menuet-o,
minuet
meridian-o, meridian
merinos-o, merino
merit-i, merit, deserve
meriz-o, wild cherry
merkred-o, Wednesday
merl-o, blackbird
(church)
mass
Mesi-o, Messiah
mestiz-o, a half-breed
(Spanish)
met-i, to put
metafizik-o, metaphysics
metafor-o,
metaphor
metal-o, metal
metr-o,
metrik-a,
meter
metric
metropol-o, metropolis
sea-gull
mev-o,
midst, middle
mez-o,
ance
mesallimezalianc-o,
lie
mint
ment-o,
mes-o,
a
melon
melon-o,
mem,
meteor
meteor-o,
mezur-i, to measure
mi, I
miasma
miasm-o,
miiau-i, to mew
miel-o, honey
mien-o, mien, air
migdal-o, almond
migr-i, to migrate
microbe
mikrob-o,
scope
micromikroskop-o,
miks-i, to mix
mil, thousand
mild-a, gentle, mild
mili-o, millet
miliard-o, milliard
milici-o, militia
millimeter
milimetr-o,
milion-o, million
milit-i, to fight
mimik-o, mimicry
min-o, mine
Esperanto-English
minaret-o, minaret
mineral-o, mineral
ogy
mineralogi-o, mineralminac-i,
to
threaten
mini-o, red lead
miniatur-o, miniature
minimum
minimum-o,
ministr-o, minister
minus-o, minus
minut-o, minute
miogal-o, musk-rat
miop-a, nearsighted
miozot-o, myosotis
mir-i, to wonder
mirakl-o, miracle
mirh-o, myrrh
miriad-o, myriad
miriametr-o, miriameter
Vocabulary
49
model-o, model
moder-a, moderate
modern
modern-a,
modest-a, modest
modif-i, to modify
modul-i, modulate
modulaci-o, modulation
mok-i, to mock
mol-a,
soft
molekul-o, molecule
mollusk
molusk-o,
moment
moment-o,
mon-o,
money
monk
monali-o,
monarh-o,
monarch
month
monat-o,
mond-o, world
moned-o,
jackdaw
monitor-o, monitor
gram
mono-
monogram-o,
mirmekofag-o,
ant-
monocle
monokl-o,
eater
lion-ant
mirmeleon-o,
mirt-o, myrtle
monologue
monolog-o,
monomani-o,
mania
mono-
mirtel-o, bilberry
misal-o,
missal
misi-o, mission
mister-o, mystery
mistifik-i, to mystify
mistik-o, a mystic
monopol-o,
monster
monstr-o,
monoteism-o,
mont-o,
mit-o, myth
mitologi-o, mythology
mitul-o, mussel
montr-i,
misery
mobiliz-i, to mobilize
mod-o, fashion, mode
mops-o,
mizer-o,
monopoly
theism
mono-
mountain
to show
monument-o,
pug
ment
monu-
dog
mor-oi, morals
moral-a, moral
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
50
morbil-0, measles
mushroom
mor6el-o,
mord-i, to bite
morfin-o, morphine
morgaii, tomorrow
mort-i, to die
species of
fish
cod-
mumi-o,
mur-o,
mulberry
morus-o,
mus-o,
mot-o,
unfermented
title of respect
motto
motiv-o,
motive
motor-o,
motor
wall
to
murmur
mouse
musk-o, moss
muskat-o,
nutmeg
musket
musked-o,
muscle
muskol-o,
muslin-o, muslin
mustard
mustard-o,
martin, sable
mustel-o,
common
mu"-o,
fly
wine
mo"t-o,
mummy
murmur-i,
mosk-o, musk
moske-o, mosque
moskit-o, mosquito
most-o,
muff
mut-i, to roar
muk-o, mucus
mul-o, mule
mult-o, much
multiplik-i, multiply
mull
mulmuslin-o,
mortar
morter-o,
moru-o,
muf-o,
mov-i, to move
mosaic
mozaik-o,
mucid-a, damp, mouldy
muel-i, to grind
mut-a,
muz-o,
mute
muse
muze-o,
muzik-o,
museum
music
N
n,
tive
ending of the accusaor
objective case;
also
or
direction
shows
motion
toward
naci-o, nation
nadir-o, nadir
naft-o, naphtha
nag-i, to swim
naiv-a,
artless
najbar-o, neighbor
najl-o, nail
najtingal-o, nightingale
nankeen
nanken-o,
turnip
nap-o,
narcis-o, narcissus
narkot-a, narcotic
English
Espei'anto-
nask-i, to give birth
to
soda
natr-o,
nature
natur-o,
nine
nau,
nauz-i,
to
nav-o,
naz-o,
ne,
nauseate
nave
nose
no
nebul-o, fog
neces-a,
necessary
neg-o, snow
neglig-o, negligee
negoc-o,
business
fair,
af-
transaction
negr-o,
negro
nek, neither
nekrologi-o, necrology
nektar-o, nectar
neni-o, nothing
such
no
nenia, none,
nenial, for no cause
never
neniam,
nenie, nowhere
neniel, in no way
nenies, nobody's
nenio, nothing
neniom,
none
nobody
neologism-o, neologism
grandson
nep-o,
nepotism-o, nepotism
unfailingly
nepre,
neniu,
nest-o,
net-o,
nest, den
clean
copy
neuralgi-o, neuralgia
neutr-a,
neuter
Vocabulary
51
neutrala, neutral
nephew
nev-o,
ni, we
ni6-o, niche
nigr-a, black
nihilism-o, nihilism
nikel-o, nickel
nikotin-o, nicotine
nimb-o, nimbus, halo
nimf-o, nymph
nivel-o, level
niz-o, sparrow-hawk
nj' endearing diminutive
of
feminine
names
patrino, mother-,panjo, mamma,
nobel-o, nobleman
nobl-a, noble
nokt-o, night
nom-o,
name
nomad-o, nomad
number
nombr-o,
nominal
nominal-a,
tive
nominanominativ-o,
nord-o, north
normal-a,
regular
a
Norwegian
norveg-o,
ness
homesicknostalgi-o,
not-i,
to note, to
make
memoranda
notari-o, notary
nov-a,
new
novel-o, novel
November
Novembr-o,
:
E si"erant
52
novic-o,
nu,
English Vocabulary
number, No.
numid-o, guinea-fowl
matics
numisnumismatik-o,
novice
numer-o,
well
hue, tint
nuanc-o,
nub-o, cloud
nud-a, nude
nuk-o, nape
nuks-o, nut
nul-o, zero
o,
o-
ending of
nun,
of the neck
the
noun
or
substantive
oaz-o,
oasis
obe-i, to obey
obelisk-o, obelisk
objekt-o, object
erals
obr, multiple of numdu, two ; du:
obla, double
oblat-o, wafer
obligaci-o, bond
oblikv-a, oblique
obol-o, a small Greek
coin, obolus
observ-i, to observe
atory
observatori-o, observobstina, obstinate
obstrukci-o, obstruction
ocean-o,
od-o, ode
ocean
odor-i, to give odor
ofend-i, to offend
now
nunci-o, nuncio
only
nur,
nutr-i, to nourish,
feed
ofer-i,to sacrifice
ofic-o, employment
oficial-a,official
oficir-o, officer
oft-e, often
ok, eight
okaz-i, to occur
okcident-o, west
okr-Q, ochre
oksid-o, oxide
oksigen-o, oxygen
oksikok-o, cranberry
oktav-o, octave
Oktobr-o, October
okul-o, eye
okult-a, occult
okup-i, to occupy
okzal-o, sorrel
ol, than
ole-o, oil
oleandr-o, oleander
oligarlii-o,
oligarchy
oliv-o, olive
EsperaniO'E7iglish Vocabulary
omar-o,
lobster
ombr-o,
shade
ombrel-o,
-
umbrella
omnibus
omnibus-o,
of fractions
on', mark
tri, three\ triono, one-
:
third
ond-o, wave
oni, ''one,"''they"
oniks-o, onyx
onkl-o, uncle
ont', future active
amonte,
participle:
about
to love
ontologi-o, ontology
op', suffix or collective
numerals
: kvar, four\
kvarope, by fours
opal-o, opal
oper-o,
opera
operaci-o, operation
opi-o, opium
opini-i, to opine
oportun-a,
ord-o, order
the
order
of
orden-o,
knighthood
ordinar-a, ordinary
mand
ordon-i, to order, comorel-o, ear
orf-o, orphan
organ-o,
organ
organism-o, organism
organiz-i, to organize
organik-a, organic
{mus,)
organ
orgen-o,
orgi-o, orgy
orient-o,
oracle
orangutang-o,
origin-o, origin
original-o, original
oriol-o, oriole
orkestr-o, orchestra
orkide-o, orchid
ornam-i,
to
adorn
clerical robes
ornat-o,
ogy
ornitologi-o, ornithol-
outang
orang-
rectangular
ortodoks-a, orthodox
phy
ortografi-o, orthograort-a,
ortopedi-o, orthopedics
OS, sign of future tense:
will
amos,
osced-i,
orang-o, orange
orangeri-o, hot-house
orator-o,
east
convenient
opozici-o, opposition
optik-o, optics
optimism
optimism-o,
optimist-o, optimist
gold
or-o,
orakol-o,
53
orator
oratori-o, oratory
love
to yawn,
gape
osifrag-o, osprey
ost-o,
bone
ostr-o, oyster
ostracism-o,
ostracism
EsperantO'Eng-lish Vocabulary
54
of,
passive participle, ovaci-o, ovation
future
:
amote,
about
to be loved
ov-o,
pac-o,
oval
ozon-o,
ozone
egg
peace
pacienc-o, patience
padel-i, to paddle
paf-i, to shoot
pag-i, to pay
pagod-o, pagoda
pag-o, page
(boy)
pagi-o, page
pajl-o, straw, thatch
pak-i, to pack
pal-a, pale
palac-o, palace
paladi-o, palladium
palankin-o, palanquin
palat-o, palate
paletr-o, palette
palis-o, stake
palisandr-o, rosewood
palm-o, palm tree
palp-i, to feel
palpebr-o, eyelash
palt-o, greatcoat
Palestin-o, Palestine
pamflet-o, pamphlet
pan-o,
oval-a,
panoram-o,
panorama
pantalon-o, trousers
panteism-o,
pantheism
panteist-o, pantheist
panter-o, panther
pantofl-o, slipper
pantomim-o,
mime
pantopap-o,
pope
papag-o,
parrot
papav-o,
poppy
paper-o,
paper
papili-o, butterfly
papirus-o, papyrus
pair
par-o,
parad-i, to parade
paradiz-o, paradise
paradoks-o, paradox
paraph
paraf-Ojflourish,
parafin-o, paraffine
parafraz-o, paraphrase
paragraf-o, paragraph
paralel-o, parallel
lelogram
paralelogram-o, paral-
bread
panegir-o, panegyric
panel-o, panel
panik-o, panic
paraliz-i,
parapet-o,
to
paralyze
parapet
parazit-o, parasite
56
Esi"eranto-EngUsh Vocabulary
pend-i,to hang
person-o,
person
perspektiv-o, perspectpendol-o, pendulum
ive
penetr-i, to penetrate
Peru-o, Peru
penik-o, artist's brush
pes-i, to weigh (^trans,')
pens-i, to think
pessimism
pesimism-o,
pensi-o, pension
pesimist-o, pessimist
pent-i, to repent
pentr-i, to paint
peset-o, peseta
pest-o, pest, plague
peoni-o, peony
pet-i, to ask, request
pep-i, to chirp, twitter
petol-i, to be petulant,
pepsin-o, pepsin
mischievous
of
per, by, by means
petrol-o, petroleum
percept-i, to perceive
petrosel-o, parsley
perd-i, to lose
pez-i, to weigh, to have
perdrik-o, partridge
weight
pere-i, to perish
pfenig-o, pfennig
perfekt-a, perfect
pi-a, pious
perfid-i,to betray
pice-o, fir-tree
parchment
pergamen-o,
pied-o, foot
periferi-o,periphery
piedestal-o, pedestal
perimetr-o, perimeter
pig-o, magpie
period-o, period
pigme-o, pigmy
peristil-o, peristyle
pigment-o, pigment
perk-o, perch (fish)
pik-i, to prick
perl-o, pearl
piked-o, picket
perlamot-o, mother-ofa
pilgrim-i, to make
pearl
pilgrimage
permes-i, to permit
steps (before pilk-o, ball (playing)
peron-o,
pilol-o, pill
a house)
pilot-o, pilot
perpendikular-a,
pendicular
perpin-o, pine
pin6-i, to pinch
persekut-i, prosecute,
pingl-o, pin
persecute
pini-o, species of fir
persik-o, peach
pint-o, pinnacle
persist-i,to persist
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
pio6-o, pickaxe
pionir-o, pioneer
pip-o, pipe
pipr-o, pepper
pips-o, pip (disease)
pir-o, pear
piramid-o, pyramid
pirat-o, pirate
Pirine-oj, Pyrinees
pirit-o, pyrites
pirol-o, bullfinch
piroteknik-o, pyrotechnics
pist-i,to pound
pistak-o, pistachio
pistil-o,pistil
pistol-o, pistol
pi"t-o, piston
piton-o, python
piz-o, pea
plac-o, plaza
pla6-i, to please
plad-o, dish
plafon-o, ceiling
plagiat-o, plagiarism
plan-o, plan
pland-o, sole of foot
planed-o, planet
plank-o, floor
plant-i, to plant
plantag-o, plantain
plastik-o, plastic art
plastr-o, plaster
plat-a, flat
plate-o, spoonbill
platen-o, platinum
57
plaud-i, to splash
plebej-o, a plebeian
pled-i, to plead (law)
plej, most
plekt-i, to weave
plen-a, full
plend-i, to complain
pleonasm-o,
pleonasm
plet-o, tray
plezur-o, pleasure
pli,more
plor-i,to shed tears
plot-o, roach (fish)
plu, further
plug-i, to plow
plum-o, feather, pen
plumb-o, lead
plu"-o, plush
plutokrati-o,plutocracy
pluv-o, rain
pluvi-o, plover
po,
at
the
rate
of
podagr-o, gout
poem-o,
poem
game)
poent-o, point(in
poet-o, poet
poezi-o, poetry
pokal-o, cup, goblet
pol-o, a Pole
poleniik-o, polemics
polic-o, police
poligami-o, polygamy
poligon-o, buckwheat
.polip-o, polypus
polis-o,insurance policy
politeism-o, polytheism
58
Esperanto- English
politik-o,politics
polk-o, polka
poluci-o, pollution
polur-o, polish
polus-o, pole (of magnet,
etc.)
polv-o, dust
apple
pom-o,
pomad-o,
pomatum
pomp-o,
pomp
ponard-o, poniard
bridge
pont-o,
ponton-o,
pontoon
popl-o, poplar
popol-o, people
popular-a, popular
per, for, in order to,
the purpose
for
of
porcelan-o, porcelain
porci-o, portion
pord-o, door
porfir-o, porphyry
pork-o, hog
port-i, to carry
portal-o, portal
porter-o, porter (drink)
swordbelt
portope-o,
portik-o, portico
portret-o, portrait
portugal-a, Portuguese
posed-i, to possess
posesiv-a, possessive
post, after
military post
posten-o,
postul-i, to require
postulat-o, postulate
Vocabulary
po"-o, pocket
po"t-o, post, mail
pot-o,
pot
potas-o, potash
potenc-a, powerful
potencial-a, potential
pov-i, to be able
poz-i, to pose
pozitiv-a, positive
pra*, great-, primordial;
prapatroj, forefathers
praktik-o, practice
ferry-boat
pram-o,
right
prav-a,
precipe, chiefly
preciz-a, precise
predik-i, to preach
prefer-i, to prefer
prefiks-o, prefix
preg-i, to pray
prelat-o, prelate
prelud-o, prelude
prem-i, to press
premi-o, premium
premis-o, premise
pren-i, to take
prepari, to prepare
prepozici-o, preposition
prerogativ-o, prerogative
pres-i, to print
presbiter-o, presbyter
preskau, nearly
pret-a, ready
pretekst-o, pretext
pretend-i, to pretend
Esperanto-English
preter, beyond
price
prezent-i, to present
prezid-i, to preside
pri, about, concerning
prim-o, first (music)
primol-o, primrose
primitiv-a, primitive
princ-o, prince
princip-o, principle
printempo, springtime
prism-o, prism
privat-a, private
privilegi-o, privilege
prez-o,
pro,
on
account
of
problem-o, problem
proced-i, to proceed
procent-o,
Vocabulary
59
prolog-o, prologue
promen-i, to walk
promes-i, to promise
promoci-o,
promotion
promontor-o,
pronom-o,
cape
pronoun
propagand-o,
ganda
propa-
propon-i, propose
proporci-o, proportion
propr-a,
one's
own
proskripci-o, proscription
prospekt-o, prospect
prosper-i, to prosper
prostitu-i, to prostitute
protagonist-o, protagonist
interest
legal process
procesi-o, procession
produkt-i, to produce
profan-i, to profane
profesi-o, profession
profesor-o, professor
profet-o, prophet
profil-o,profile
profit-o,profit
profund-a, deep
proces-o,
program-o,
protekt-i, to protect
protest-i, to protest
protestant-o,
protest-
ant
protokol-o, protocol
prototip-o, prototype
prov-i, to try
proverb-o, proverb
provinc-o, province
provincialism-o,
vincialism
pro-
program
progres-i,
progress
projekt-o, project
proklam-i, to proclaim
prokrast-i, to delay
proksim-a, near
prokur-o, procurator
proletari-o, proletarian
to
proviz-i, to provide
provizor-a, provisional
proz-o,
prose
prozelit-o, proselyte
prozodi-o, prosody
prud-a, prudish
prudent-a, prudent
Esperanto-English
6o
prujn
o, white
frost
plum
prun-o,
prunel-o, sloe
prunt-o,
prus-o,
a
a
loan
Prussian
pruv-i, to prove
psalm-o, psalm
pseuda, pseudo, false
nym
pseudopseudonim-o,
Vocabulary
pulvor-o, dust, powder
pumik-o, pumice
pump-i, to pump
pun-i, to punish
punc-o,
crimson-red
punc-o,
punch
punkt-o, point, dot
lace
punt-o,
doll
pup-o,
pupil-o, pupil of
clean,
psik-a, psychic
pur-a,
psikologi-o,psychology
publik-o, public
pudel-o, spaniel
pudr-o, toilet powder
puf-o, puff, tuft
pupitr-o, desk
fist
pugn-o,
pure
Purgatori-o, Purgatory
puritan-o, puritan
purple
purpur-o,
pus-o,
pu"-i,
pul-o, flea
pulm-o, lung
puls-o, pulse
eye
pus
to push
put-o, a well
putor-o, polecat
putr-i, to
rot
pulv-o, gunpowder
rab-i,
to seize and
away,
rabarb-o,
rabat-i,
carry
to rob
rhubarb
to rebate
raben-o, rabbi
rabi-o, madness, rabies
rabot-i, to plane
raci-a, rational
rad-o, wheel
radi-o, ray
radik-o, root
radikal-a, radical
rafan-o, horse-radish
rafin-i, to refine
rajd-i, to ride
rajt-o, right
raket-o, rocket, fusee
rakont-i, to relate
ramp-i,
ran-o,
to
frog
crawl
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
rancid
ranc-a,
rand-o, edge
rank
rang-o,
ranunkol-o, ranunculus
rapid-a, rapid
rapir-o, foil,rapier
raport-i, to report
rapsodi-o, rhapsody
ras-o,
race
rasp-i,
rat-o,
to rasp
reg-i, to govern
regal-i, to regale
Fegeneraci-o, regeneration
regi-o, state monopoly
regiment-o, regiment
region-o, region
registr-i, to register
reglement-o, regulation
regn-o,
state
regol-o,
rat
rauk-a, hoarse, raucus
caterpillar
raup-o,
rav-i, to enrapture
raz-i, to shave
re, again
reakci-o, reaction
real-a, real
real-o, real (coin)
realist-o, realist
rebus-o, rebus
recenz-i, to review
6i
regres-o,
wren
regress
regul-o, a rule
reg-o, king
regisor-o, stage-manager
rejs-o, reis (coin)
reklam-o, advertising
to
mend
comrekomend-i,
rekompenc-i, to reward
rekord-o, record
doctor's
recept-o,
scriptionrekrut-o, recruit
prerekt-a, straight
rektor-o, rector
reciprok-a, reciprocal
rekviem-o, requiem
redakci-o, editorship
rekvizici-o, requisition
redakt-i, to edit
rekvizit-o, requisite
redaktor-o, editor
rel-o, rail
redukt-i, to reduce
sed
relief-o, relief,embosredut-o, redoubt
work
ref-o, reef (of sail)
referenc-o, reference
religi-o, religion
tion
reformarem-i, to row
reformaci-o,
rembur-i, to stuff
refut-i,
to
refute
regatt-o, regatta
remiz-o,
house
garage,
coach
62
Esperanto- English Vocabulary
bulwark
ren-o,
rezignaci-o,resignation
(to one's lot, etc.)
renegade
renesanc-o,renaissance
renkont-i, to meet
rezin-o, resin
rezoluci-o, resolution
rezon-i, to reason
rezult-i, to result
rempar-o,
kidney
rendevu-o, rendezvous
renegat-o,
income
rib-o, currant
renvers-i, to upset
ribel-i,to rebel
repertuar-o,
repertoire ricev-i,to receive
reprezent-i, represent
ri6-a, rich
rid-i, to laugh
reputaci-o, reputation
rif-o,reef
reskript-o, rescript
respekt-i, to respect
rifut-i,to take refuge
respektiv-e,
rifuz-i,to refuse
ively
respectrigard-i,to look at
respond-i, to respond
rig-i,to rig
respublik-o, republic
rigid-a, rigid
rest-i, to remain
rigl-i,to bolt
restoraci-o, restaurant
rigor-a, rigora
rikan-i, to grin, sneer
ret-o, net, netting
rent-o,
retin-o, retina
retorik-o, rhetoric
retort
{chem.)
retort-o,
rikolt-i,to gather
rilat-i,to relate
rim-o, rhyme
retroaktiv-a,retroactive
rimark-i,
retrospektiv-a,
rimed-o,
rimen-o,
reumatism-o,
rev-i,
spective
retro-
tism
rheuma-
to dream
reveng-o,
revenge
reviz-i, to revise
revoluci-o, revolution
revolver-o, revolver
review, journal
revu-o,
rezerv-i, to reserve
rezign-i, to resign
to remark
means
strap
rimes-i, to remit
ring-o, ring
rinocer-o,
money
rhinoceros
rip-o, rib
ripar-i,to repair
ripet-i, to repeat
ripoz-i, to repose
ripro6-i, to reproach
risk-i, to risk
rism-o,
ream
Esperanto-English
64
sald-0, balance
of
an
salik-o, willow
saliv-o, saliva
salm-o, salmon
salon-o, reception-room
salpetr-o, saltpetre
salt-i, to jump
salut-i, to salute
salvi-o, sage
same
elder
sambuk-o,
(tree)
samovar
samovar-o,
healthy
sandal-o, sandal
san-a,
blood
sang-o,
sankci-o, sanction
sangvin-a, sanguine
sankt-a, holy
sanskrit-o, Sanskrit
sap-o,
science
scienc-o,
sciur-o, squirrel
account
sam-a,
Vocabulary
soap
sard-o, a Sardinian
sardin-o, sardine
sark-i, to weed
sarkasm-o, sarcasm
sat-a, satiated
Satan-o, Satan
satir-o, satire
satirus-o, satyr
satrap-o, satrap
satur-i,to saturate
sauc-o,
sauce
sav-i,' to
scen-o,
sceptr-o,
save
scene
scepter
sci-i, to know
se,
if
seb-o, tallow
sed, but
seg-i, to
saw
segment
segment-o,
seg-o, chair
sek-a, dry
sekal-o, rye
sekc-i, to dissect
sekci-o, section
sekret-o, secret
sekretari-o, secretary
seks-o, sex
sekst-o, sixth (music)
sekt-o, sect
sekulariz-i,secularize
sekund-o, second
sekv-i, to follow
sel-o, saddle
selakt-o, whey
sem-i, to sow
semafor-o, semaphore
semajn-o, week
Semitic
semid-a,
seminari-o, seminary
sen,
without
senate
senat-o,
senc-o,
sense,
meaning
send-i, to send
sensaci-o, sensation
sent-i, to feel
sentenc-o,
sentence
sentimental-a,
mental
senti-
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
sep,
silk-o, silk
seven
sepi-o, cuttle-fish
Septembr-o, September
seraf-o, seraph
Servian
serb-o,
a
ser6-i,
to
seek
serene
seren-a,
serenad-o, serenade
serfent-o, sergeant
seri-o, series
serioz-a, serious
serpent
serpent-o,
lock
serur-o,
serv-i,
to
servic-o,
serve
course
(at a
meal)
servut-o,
ses,
65
servitude
six
sever-a,
severe
sezon-o,
season
sfer-o, sphere
sfinks-o, sphinx
si, self
Siberi-o, Siberia
sibl-i, to hiss
sid-i, to sit
sieg-i, to besiege
sifilis-o,syphilis
sifon-o, syphon
sigel-i,to seal
sign-o, sign
signal-o, signal
signif-i,to signify
silab-o, syllable
silent-i,to be silent
silik-o,flint
silogism-o, syllogism
siluet-o, silhouette
silur-o,shad
silvi-o, hedge-sparrow
simbol-o, symbol
simetri-o, symmetry
simfoni-o, symphony
simi-o, monkey, ape
simil-a, similar
simpati-o, sympathy
simpl-a, simple
simptom-o,
symptom
sinagog-o, synagogue
sincer-a, sincere
sindik-o, syndic
sindikat-o, syndicate
sinedri-o, sanhedrim
singult-i,to hiccup
sinjor-0, Mr., Sir
sinod-o, synod
sinonim-o, synonym
sintaks-o, syntax
sintez-o, synthesis
siren-o, siren
Siri-o, Syriia
siring-o, lilac
sirop-o, syrup
sistem-o, system
sitel-o, pail
situaci-o, situation
skabel-o,
skaben-o,
stool
alderman
skabi-o, itch
skadr-o, squadron
skal-o, scale (of map)
66
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
skalp-o, scalp
skandal-o, scandal
skandinav-o,
a
navian
Scandi-
skapol-o, shoulder-blade
skarab-o, beetle
skarlat-o, scarlet
skarp-o, scarf
skatol-o, small box, case
skelet-o, skeleton
skeptik-a, sceptical
skerm-i, to fence
skiz-i, to sketch
sklav-o, slave
skolastik-a, scholastic
skolop-o, woodcock
mackerel
skombr-o,
skorbut-o, scurvy
skorpi-o, scorpion
skot-o, a Scot
skrap-i, to scrape
skrib-i, to write
skrupul-a, scrupulous
sku-i, to shake
skulpt-i, to sculpture
skun-o, schooner
skurg-o, whip, scourge
skvam-o, scales (fish)
slang-o, slang
slav-o, a Slav
smerald-o, emerald
smilak-o, sarsaparilla
smirg-o, emery
sobr-a, sober
soci-o, society at large,
the social body
soci-a, social-a, social
socialism-o, socialism
socialist-o, socialist
sociologi-o, sociology
societ-o, society
sod-o, soda
sof-o, sofa
sofism-o, sophism
soif-i, to be thirsty
sojl-o, threshold
sol-a, alone
sol-o, solo
soldat-o, soldier
sole-o, sole (fish)
solen-a, solemn
tial,
solid-a, solid, substanrespectable
solidar-a, jointlyliable
soliter-o, tape-worm
solv-i, to solve
solvent-a, solvent
summer
somer-o,
son-i,
to
sonat-o,
give
a
sound
sonata
sond-i, sound, fathom
song-o, dream
sonor-i, to ring
sopir-i, to sigh for
sopran-o,
sorb-i,
soprano
to absorb
sor6-o, witchcraft
sorik-o, shrew-mouse
sorp-o,
black
sort-o,
fate
sovat-a, wild
spac-o,
space
haw
67
Esi"erantO'
English Vocabulary
spalir-o, espalier
spong-o,
spasm-o,
spontane-a,
spasm
spavin
species
spec-o,
special-a, special
specifik-i,to specify
specimen-o, specimen
spektr-o, specter
spegul-o, mirror
spektakl-o, spectacle
sponge
ous
spontane-
spat-o,
scene
spekulaci-0,
tion
specula-
spekulativ-a,
tive
specula-
sperm-o,
sperm
experienced
a
clearing of
spez-o,
funds :
to
enspezi,
take in ; elspezi, to
spert-a,
pay
out
spic-o, spice
spik-o, ear (of grain)
spin-o, spine
spinac-o, spinach
spindel-o, spindle
spion-o, a spy
spir-i, to breathe
spirit-o, spirit
spiritism-o, spiritism
ualism
spiritualism-o, spirit-
sporad-a, sporadic
sport-a,
sport
sprit-a, witty
spron-o,
spur
to spit,
sput-i,
spit up
blood, etc.
stab-o, staff (army)
stabl-o, work-bench
staci-o, station
stadi-o, stadium
stal-o, shed, stall
stalagmit-o, stalagmite
stalaktit-o, stalactite
to
stamp-i, to stamp,
mark
stan-o,
pewter
standard-o, flag
stang-o, pole
stapl-o, pile,heap
star-i, to stand
stard-o, bustard
state, condition
statik-a, static
stat-o,
statistik-o, statistics
statu-o,
statur-o,
steb-i,
statue
to
stature
stitch
stel-o, star
stenografi-o, stenography
holic)
spiritus-o, spirit(alcostep-o,
in
spite of
spite,
split-o, splint,sliver
steppe
stereoskop-o,
scope
stereo-
68
Esi"erant
0'
English Vocabulary
stereotip-o, stereotype
sterk-o, dung, manure
subjunktiv-o, subjunctive
stern-i, to stretch
sprawl out
stertor-i, to make
sublimat-o,
substanc-o,
harsh
or
a
strat-o, street
stre6-i, to stretch
strek-i, to streak
stri-o, streak, stripe
strig-o, owl
strigl-i,to curry(comb)
strik-o, strike (workers)
striknin-o, strychnine
strof-o, strophe
struktur-o,
structure
strut-o, ostrich
student-o, student
tive
substantiv-o, substan-
subtil-a, subtle
subtrah-i,
to subtract
su6-i, to suck
sud-o, south
sufer-i,to suffer
sufic-a,sufficient
sufiks-o, suffix
sufok-i, to suffocate
sugesti-o, suggestion
suk-o, sap, juice
sukcen-o, amber
sukces-i, to succeed
suker-o, sugar
sulfur-o, sulphur
sulk-o, furrow, wrinkle
sultan-o, sultan
sum-o,
sum
sun-o,
sun
sup-o,
soup
super,
above
tion
supersti-
supersti6-o,
to stucco
stub, stump
stump-o,
stup-o, tow
sturg-o, sturgeon
starling
sub, under, beneath
subit-a, sudden
subjekt-o, subject
subjektiv-a, subjective
sturn-o,
substance
noise
stil-o, style
stimul-i, to stimulate
(shrub)
stipo, broom
stof-o, Russian measure
stoik-a, stoical
stomak-o, stomach
stopl-o, stubble
strab-i, to squint
strang-a, strange
stuk-i,
sublimate
supoz-i,
supr-e,
sur,
to suppose
above
on
surd-a, deaf
surpriz-i, to surprise
surtut-o,
overcoat
suspekt-i,
suveren-o,
to
suspect
sovereign
Esperanto-En"^lish Vocabulary
svarm-i,
svat-i,
sved-o,
teem,
to act
a
as
ip
,sven-i, to swoon
sving-i, to swings
svis-o, a Swiss
swarm
maker
match-
Swede
S
"af-o, sheep
Saft-o, shaft (machine)
"ah-o, shah
"ajn-i, to seem
"ak-oj, chess
"akal-o, jackal
"akt-o, shaft (mining)
"al-o, shawl
"alup-o, shallop
Salm-o, straw, stalk
skin
"am-o, chamois
"anc-o, luck, chance
to
"ancel-i, to cause
hesitate, to shake
"ang-i, to change
gankr-o, canker
"arad-o, charade
"arg-i, to load, charge
(a gun, etc.)
"art-i, to load (wagon,
car, etc.)
"ark-o, shark
"at-i, to prize, like
foam
"aum-o,
"el-o, shell
"elak-o, shellac
"elk-o, suspenders
"erc-i, to joke
"i, she
"ild-o, shield
"iling-o, shilling
"im-i, to get mouldy,
to spoil
"ind-o, shingle
"ink-o, ham
"ip-o, ship
"ir-i,to tear
Sirm-i, to shield
Slim-o, slime
"los-i, to lock
"mac-i, to kiss noisily
with
"mir-i, to smear
"nur-o, string
"ov-i, to shove, push
"ovel-i, to shovel
"ovimsm-o,
jingoism
"par-i, to be sparing
"pic-o. Spitz (dog)
"pin-i, to spin
"pruc-i, to spurt, spout
"rank-o, cupboard
"rapnel-o, shrapnel
"raub-o, screw
"tal-o, steel
Esperanto-English Vocabulary
70
"tat-o, state
"tel-i,to steal
"tip-o, block of wood
"tof-o, goods, stuff
"ton-o, stone
"top-i, to stop up
"trump-o, stocking
"tup-o, stair-step
"u-o, shoe
"uld-i, to owe
"ultr-o, shoulder
"ut-i, to chute or pour
out grain, sand, etc.
"vel-i, to swell
"vit-i, to perspire
talmud-o, talmud
tabak-o, tobacco
talp-o, mole (animal)
talk-o, talc
taban-o, gad-fly
tabel-o, table (figures, tambur-o, drum
etc.)
tamburin-o, tambourine
names,
however
tabl-o, table (furniture) tamen,
tom-tom
tamtam-o,
tabul-o, plank
tan-i, to tan
taburet-o, tabouret
tandem
tandem-o
ta6ment-o, a squad of
t. e., tio estas, that is
soldiers
taft-o, taffeta
tag-o, day
tajlor-o, tailor
tajd-o, tide
the
taks-i, to estimate
value of, to price
taksus-o, yew
takt-o, bar (music)
taktik-o, tactics
talent-o, talent
taler-o, thaler
tali-o, waist
talisman-o, talisman
tangent-o, tangent
tanin-o, tannin
tapet-o, tapestry
tapi"-o, carpet
tar-o, tare (of weight)
tarantel-o, tarantella
tarantul-o, tarantula
tarif-o, tariff
tas-o,
cup
task-o, task
tartar-o,
tatar-o,
tatu-i,
cream
a
to
taiig-i,to
of tartar
Tartar
tattoo
be fit for
English Vocabulary
Esi"eranto-
72
tip-o, type
tipografi-o,typography
tir-i,to draw, pull
tiran-o, tyrant
titol-o, title
tiu, that person,
tog-o, toga
that
tol-o, linen
toler-i,to tolerate
tome,
tom-c,
tomato
tomat-o,
tomb-o, tomb
tombak-o, tombac
ton-o, tone
tond-i, to shear, clip
tondr-i, to thunder
topaz
topaz-o,
topografi-o,topography
tor6-o, torch
tord-i, to wind, twist
torent-o,
torrent
torf-o,peat, turf
torn-i, to turn on lathe
tornistr-o, knapsack
torped-o, torpedo
tort-o,
tart
tost-o, toast
through
trab-o, beam
tradici-o, tradition
traduk-i, to translate
traf-i, to hit the mark
tragedi-o, tragedy
trahe-o, trachea
trajt-o, feature
trakt-i, to treat of
tra,
traktat-o, treatise
tram-o, tram
trand-i,to cut
trankvil-a, calm
beyond
trans, across,
transcend-a,transcendant
transitiv-a, transitive
trapez-o, trapeze
trat-i,to draw (a draft,
note, etc.)
travesti-o, travesty
tre, very
tref-o,club
trem-i,
(in cards)
to tremble
tremolo, asp, aspen
tremp-i, dip, immerse
tren-i, to drag
trezor-o,
treasure
tri,three
tribun"o, rostrum
tribunal-o, tribunal
tribut-o, tribute
tricikl-o,tricycle
trik-i,knit
trikot-o,knitted work
tril-o,trill
trink-i,to drink
trip-oj,tripe
tritik-o,wheat
triumf-o, triumph
trivial-a,trivial
tro, too, too
much
trofe-o, trophy
trog-o, trough, manger
tromb-o, water-spout
Esperanto- English
73
tuf-o, tuft
trombon-o, trombone
tromp-i, to deceive
tuj,immediately
tuk-o, a cloth
tul-o, tulle
tulip-o, tulip
tron-o, throne
trop-o, trope
tropik-o, tropic
trot-i, to
trotuar-o,
Vocabulary
tumult
tumult-o,
trot
sidewalk
trov-i, to find
tunel-o, tunnel
tunik-o, tunic
tru-o, hole
tur-o, tower
trud-i, to intrude
truf-o, truffle
trul-o, trowel
a large horn
trump-o,
turban-o, turban
turbin-o,
turbine
turd-o, thrush
turist-o, tourist
turk-o, Turk
trumpet-o,
trumpet
trunk-o, trunk (of tree) turkis-o, turquoise
turment-i, to torment
trup-o, troupe
turn-i, to turn
trust-o, trust, syndicate
trut-o, trout
turnir-o,
tualet-o, toilet
turt-o,
tub-o, tube
bulb
tuber-o,
tus-i, to cough
tu"-i, to touch
tut-a, entire,whole
or
knot
(in plants)
tournament
dove
U
sign of imperative :
u,
amu,
love
uj',that which contains:
cigarujo, cigar-case
ukaz-o, ukase
noted for :
ul', a person
time, fear\ timulo,
ulm-o,
uln-o, ell
ultimat-o, ultimatum
ine
ultramarultramar-a,
um', indefinite suffix
umbilik-o, navel
coward.
unc-o,
ulcer-o, ulcer
ung-o,
a
uleks-o, furze
elm
ounce
finger-nail
uniform-o, uniform
Vocabulary
Esperanto-English
74
univers-o,
universe
universal-a, universal
ity
universitat-o, univers-
urogal-o, heath-cock
urtik-o, nettle
us,
unik-a, unique
unu,
ur-o,
bear
urs-o,
conditional
ure-ox
hurricane
uragan-o,
uranium
uran-o,
might love
amus,
uter-o,
one
womb,
utopi-o, Utopia
uvertur-o,
urn-o,
urn
uzurp-i,
vad-i,
to
vafi-o, waffle
vag-i, to
roam
railway car
vakcini-o, whortleberry
vak-i, to be vacant
vaks-o, wax
val-o, valley
valid-a, valid
vagon-o,
valiz-o, valise
valor-i, to be worth
vals-i, to waltz
valv-o, valve
vampire
vampir-o,
van-a,
vain
vandal-o, vandal
vanel-o, lapwing
vang-o,
vanil-o,
vant-a,
cheek
vanilla
vain, futile
uterus
util-a, useful
utilism-o, utilitarianism
urb-o, city,town
urin-i,to urinate
wade
of verb:
uz-i,
to
overture
use
to usurp
vapor-o,
vapor
varb-i, to recruit, enlist
variol-o, small-pox
varm-a,
warm
vart-i,
to
nurse
vasal-o, vassal
vast-a, wide, vast
vat-o, wadding
Vatican
Vatikan-o,
vaz-o,
vase
vazelin-o,
ve
!
!
woe
veget-i,
vaseline
to vegetate
vegetar-a,
vegetarian
vejn-o, vein
vek-i, to awake
vekt-o, scale beam
vel-o, sail
velen-o, vellum
velk-i, to fade
Esperanto-English
velociped-o, velocipede
velur-o, velvet
ven-i, to come
vend-i, to sell
vendred-o, Friday
poison
venen-o,
venereal
vener-a,
veng-i, to avenge
venki, to vanquish
wind
vent-o,
ventol-i, to ventilate
abdomen
ventr-o,
ver-a,
verand-o, veranda
verb-o, verb
verbena
verben-o,
verd-a,
green
verdigr-o, verdigris
verdikt-o, verdict
switch, rod
verg-o,
verk-i, to compose
verm-o,
worm
vermouth
vermut-o,
vermicelli
vermidel-o,
verse
vers-o,
verst-o,
ver"-i,
verst
to
vert-o,
head
pour
fore part of the
terrier
vertag-o,
vertebr-o, vertebra
vertikal-a, vertical
veruk-o, wart
verv-o,
rapture
vesp-o,
wasp
yesper-o,
vespert-o,
evening
75
bat
vest-i, to dress
vestibl-o, vestibule
ve"t-o,
vest
vet-i, to bet
veter-o, weather
veteran
veteran-o,
veterinar-o, veterinary
vetur-i, travel, journey
by vehicle
yezik-o, bladder
vezir-o, vizier
vi,
true
Vocabulary
you
viadukt-o,
viaduct
viand-o, meat
vibr-i, to vibrate
viburn-o, viburnum
vic-o, rank, turn, order
vici-o, vetch
vid-i, to see
vidv-o, widower
vigl-a, alert
vikari-o, curate
vilat-o, village
vin-o, wine
vinagr-o, vinegar
vind-i, to swaddle
vinjet-o, vignette
vinkt-i, to rivet, clinch
vintr-o, winter
viol-o, violet
violon-o, violin
violon6el-o,
a
vip-o, whip
viper-o, viper
cello
violon-
76
Esperanto- English
vir-0,
vok-i,
man
a
virg-a, virginal
virt-o,
visk-o,
viski-o,
vol-i,
virtuoso
mistletoe
whisky
small
voice
zebr-o,
Polish
volume
volupt-o,
volupty
volv-i, to roll, wind
to vomit
vom-i,
vision
road
voj-o,way,
vojag-i, to voyage
vojevod-o,
wayvode,
will
to
volumen-o,
vizier-o, vizor
vizit-i, to visit
V06-0,
vowel
a
wolfram
volfram-o,
volont-e, willingly
volume(book)
volum-o,
vist-o, whist
vi"-i, to wipe
vitr-o, glass
vitriol-o, vitriol
viv-i, to live
vizag-o, face
vizi-o,
call
to
vokal-o,
virtue
virtuoz-o,
Vocabulary
a
vort-o,
word
vost-o,
tail
vual-o,
veil
vulgar-a,
vulgar,
vulkan-o,
volkano
mon
com-
vulp-o, fox
vultur-o, vulture
vund-i, to wound
official
zebra
zelat-o,
zealot
zenit-o,
zenith
zibel-o,
sable-marten
zigzag
zigzag-o,
zingibr-o, ginger
zink-o, zinc
zizel-o, zizel
zodiak-o,
zodiac
girdle
zoologi-o,
zoology
for, watch,
zorg-i, care
zon-o,
see
zuav-o,
zum-i,
after
zouave
to
hum
ENGLISH
ESPERANTO
-
abandon,
forlasi
according
abash,
hontigi
abate
abbot,
abbreviate,
mallongigi
abdomen,
abduct,
abide,
to, laii
akuSi
accouche,
konto,
account,
lo, rakonto
accumulate,
ventre
forrabi
ability, talento
able, pova
abolish,
forigi, nuligi
abomeno
amasigi
kulpigi
accuse,
kutima
accustomed,
ace,
kalku-
akurata
accurate,
resti, logi
abomination,
VOCABULARY
aso
doloro
ache,
acid,
acido
svarmi
abound,
about,
preskaii, Cirkaii
acknowledge,
above,
supre
absceso
abscess,
forestanta
absent,
absoluta
absolute,
sorbi
absorb,
abstrakta
abstract,
absarda
absurd,
glano
acquaint,
sciigi, konigi
konsenti
acquiesce,
akiri
acquire,
akrobato
acrobat,
abuse,
trouzi
accede,
cedi, konsenti
accelerate,
accent
akceli
(mark),
accent,
akcento
accept,
akcepti
accident,
accompany,
avizi
acorn,
act,
ago,
active,
actor,
akademio
academy,
signo
okazo
akompani
konfesi,
actual,
akto
agema,
aktiva
aktoro
efektiva
adage, proverbo
add, aldoni, adicii
adresi
address,
adept, adepto
adekvata
adequate,
adhere,
aligi
adieu,
adiati
78
English'Esperanto
adjacent, apuda
adjective, adjektiva
administri
administer,
admiralo
admiral,
admire, admiri
admoni
admonish,
adopt, adopti, alpreni
adore, adori
adorn, ornami
adulterate, falsi
adultery, adulto
Advento
Advent,
adverbo
adverb,
advertise, anonci
advise, konsili, avizi
affable, afabla
affair, afero
affect, afekti
afekcio
affection, amo,
affirm, atesti
affirmative, jesa
affix, afikso
afterward, poste
again, ree
against, kontraii
agate,
agent,
agato
agento
agitate, agiti
ago,
antati
agonio
agony,
agree,
interkonsenti
agriculture, agrikulturo
ah!
ha!
ahead, antaiie
aid, helpi, asisti
aim,
celo
Vocabulary
air, aero,
alas
aerumi, ario
! alas !
album,
albumen,
alcohol,
albumo
albumeno
alkoholo
algebra, algebro
alias, alie
alike, simila
alive, viva
all, Ciom, Ciuj
allot, lotumi
allow, permesi
allude, aludi
allure, logi
almighty, Ciopova
almost, preskaii
alms, almozo
aloft, supre
alone, sole
alphabet, alfabeto
Alps, Alpoj
already, jam
also, ankau
altar, altaro
although, kvankam
alto, aldo
altogether, tute
aluno
alum,
always, Ciam
amalgamo
amalgam,
ambasaambassador,
doro
sukceno
amber,
ambicio
ambition,
embuski
ambush,
America, Ameriko
8o
English-Esperanto
article, artikolo,ajo
artist, artisto
as, kiel, tiel
ashes, cindro
Asia, Azio
ask, demandi, peti
asphalt, asfalto
aspire, aspiri,celi
assault, atako
assign, asigni
assist, asisti,helpi
astringent, adstringa
astrology, astrologio
astronomio
astronomy,
Vocabulary
onklino
aunt,
auspices, aiispicoj
Australia, Aiistralio
Austrian, aiistro
author, aiitoro
authority, aiitoritato
automatic,
automobile,
vengi
avenge,
average,
meza
atheism, ateismo
athlete, atleto
atmosfero
atmosphere,
avert,
attack, ataki
attain, atingi
attempt,
atenci
attend, atendi, atenti,
servi, zorgi
attention, atento
attest,
attract,
atesti
altiri
auction, atikcio
aiiditorio
audience,
babble,
babili
baboon, paviano
baby, infaneto, ido
atitomobilo
avalanche, lavango
avaricious, avara
aversion,
atomo
automata
aiituno
autumn,
at, ee
atom,
autokrato
autocrat,
antipatio
deturni
avid, avida
avoid, eviti
await, atendi
veki
awaken,
away,
for
awful, terura
nelerta
awkward,
awl, aleno
axe,
hakilo
axis, akso
axiom, aksiomo
azote,
azote
azure,
lazura
bachelor, fratilo
back, dorso, re, poste
badge, simbolo, devizo
English Esperanto
-
badger, melo
bag, sako
bagatelle, bagatelo
baggage, pakajo
bail, kaiicio
balance, balanci
balance-sheet,
bilanco
balcony, balkono
bald, senhara
ball, balo, pilko,globo
ballad, balado
ballast, balasto
ballet, baleto
balloon, balono
ballot, baloti
balsam, balzamo
bambuo
bamboo,
banana, banano
band, ligilo,bando
bandage, bandago
banish, ekzili
bank, banko, bordo
banker, bankiero
banner, flago,standardo
banquet, festeno
baptize, bapti
bar, bari
barbarian, barbaro
barber, barbiro
bare, nuda
bark, boji,barko
barley, hordeo
barometer,
barometro
baron, barono
barrel, barelo
baritone,
baritono
Vocabidary
base, fundamento
basin, pelvo
basket, korbo
bass
(music), baso
bat, vesperto
battery, baterio
battle, batalo
bayonet, bajoneto
bazar, bazaro
be, esti
beak, beko
beam, trabo
bean, fabo
bear, urso
bear, naski, produkti
beard, barbo
beast, bruto, besto
beat, bati
beautiful, bela
beaver, kastoro
Car
because,
bed, lito
bee, abelo
beech,
fago
beef, bovajo
beer, biero
beet, beto
beetle, skarabo
before, antau
beg,petegi, petialmoion
begin, komenci
konduti
behave,
behind, post
belch, rukti
Belgian, belgo
believe; kredi
8i
82
English'Esperanto
bell, sonorilo
belly, ventro
belong, aparteni
sub, malsupre
below,
belt, zone
bench, benko, stable
bend, fleksi
bene
benediction,
berry, bero
besides, krom
besiege, siegi
bet, veti
inter
between,
beyond, trans
Bible, biblio
bicycle,
biciklo
big, granda
bigamy, bigamio
bile, galo
bill, bilo,kalkulo, beko,
kambio, afi"o
bind, ligi, bindi, bandagi
biography, biografio
biology, biologio
birch, betulo
bird, birdo
biscuit, biskvito
bishop, episkopo
bit, peco
bite, mordi
black, nigra
blackbird, merlo
bleat, bleki
bless, beni
blind, blinda
Vocabulary
block,
gtipo,
bloko,
kvadrato
blot, makulo
blow, blovi
blouse, bluzo, kitelo
blue, blua
boa, boao
board, tabulo
boast, fanfaroni
boat, boato
body, korpo
bohemo
Bohemian,
boil, boll
bolt, rigli
bomb, bombo
bonbon, bombono
bone, osto
bonnet, Capo
book, libro
boot, bote
booth, budo
borax, borakso
bore, bori
borrow,
prunte preni
brusto
bosom,
botany, botaniko
both, ambaii
bottle, botelo
fundo
bottom,
bulvardo
boulevard,
boundary, limo
bouquet, bukedo
bow, saluti
arCo,
pafarko,
bow,
banto
bowl, pelvo, kaliko
English-Esperanto Vocabulary
box,
kesto,
skatolo
pugnebato, logio
boy, knabo
brag, fanfaroni
brain, cerbo
brake, haltigilo
bran, brano
branch, branCo
brave, brava
bray, bleki
bread, pane
break, rompi
breast, brusto, mamo
breathe, spiri
brick, briko
bridge, ponto
bridle, brido
brigade, brigade
brigand, bandito
bright, hela, brila
brighten, briligi
brilliant, brilianto
bring, alkonduki
brink, rando
briny, sala
brittle, facilrompa
broad, larga
broSuro
brochure,
bronchitis, bronkito
brooch, broeo
brood, kovi
brook, rivereto
broom, balailo
brother, frato
bruna
brown,
bruise, kontuzi
83
brush, broso
brute, bruto
bucket, sitelo
buckle, buko
buckwheat,
poligono
bud, burgono
buffalo, bubalo
bug, cimo
build, konstrui
bulb, bulbo
Bulgarian, bulgaro
bull, bovoviro
bullet, kuglo
bun, bulko
bundle, fasko
bungle, fu"i
burden, garfo
bureau, komodo, oficejo
burn, bruli, bruligi
burnish, poluri
burner, flamingo
bury, enfosi, enterigi
bush, arbeto
bushel, buSelo
business,
afero,
pro-
ofico
fesio,komerco,
bust, busto
busy, okupata
but, sed, krom, escepte
butcher,
buCi
butter, butero
butterfly,papilio
button, butono, butonumi
buy, aCeti
by, per, apud, preter
English'Esperanto
84
cab, fiakro
cabbage, brasiko
cabin, kajuto, kabano,
Cambreto
cable, gnurego
cadet, kadeto
cafe, restoracio, kafejo
kago
cage,
cake, kuko
calculate, kalkuli
caldron, kaldrono
calendar, kalendaro
calf, bovido, tibikarno
caliber, kalibro
calico, kalikoto
call, voki
callous, kala
calm, kvieta, trankvila
calumny, kalumnio
tendaro
camp,
kamforo
camphor,
can,
canal, kanalo
kanario
canary,
candidate,
kandidato
candle, kandelo
cannon,
pafilego
kanono
canon,
canopy,
canvas,
cap,
kando
kano, bastono
cane,
capital, kapitalo, kapitelo, granda litero
capitol, kapitolo
caprice, kaprico
captain, gipestro, kapitano
karate
carat,
karavano
caravan,
carbuncle, karbunkolo
card, karto
cardboard, kartono
care, zorgi
karesi
caress,
carmine, karmino
carnival, karnivalo
caricature, karikaturi
karpo
carp,
carpenter,
Carpenti
carpet, tapiSo
carriage, veturilo
karoto
carrot,
porti
cartilage, kartilago
cartridge, kartoCo
kazo, kesto, ingo
case,
kontanto
cash, mono,
carry,
povas
candy,
Vocabulary
baldakeno
kanvaso
Capo, kepo
capable, kapabla
cast,
fandi
castle, kastelo
cat, kato
catalogue, katalogo
catarrh, kataro
catch, kapti
cathedral, katedralo
-Catholic, Katolika
Esperanto
Efiglish'
florbrasiko
cauliflower,
kauzo
cause,
averti
caution,
6esi
cedar, cedro
cede,
cedi
ceiling, plafono
celery, celerio
cell, 6elo
cellar, kelo
cemento
cement,
censor,
babili
malkara
cheap,
cheat, trompi
cheese, fromago
Cemizo
chemise,
kaverno
cease,
chemistry, Iiemio
check, Ceko
cherry, 6erizo
chess, "akoj
chest, kesto, brusto
ka"tano
chestnut,
maCi
chew,
cenzuri
^
cent, cendo
chief, Cefa
centime, centimo
child, infano
center,
centjaro
ceremonio
ceremony,
certain,
chimney,
centre
century,
certa
certify, certigi,atesti
chagrin, Cagreno
chain, Seno
chair, sego
chalice, kaliko
chalk, kreto
Cambro
chamber,
chamois, Samo
chamois-skin,
chance,
"amo
hazardo, "anco,
okazo
"an^i
Capitro
chapter,
change,
character,
85
charming, Carina
chaste, Casta
chatter,
cavalry, kavalerio
cave,
Vocabulary
karaktero
chariot, Caro
charlatan, Carlatano
chin,
kamentubo
mentono
porcelano
Iiino
Chinaman,
china,
chirp, eirpi,pepi
chisel, Cizi
chocolate, Cokolado
choicCj^elekto
choir, hero
chop, haki
Christ, Kristo
Kristnasko
Christmas,
church, eklezio, pregejo
cider, cidro
cigar, cigaro
cigarette, cigaredo
cinder,
cindro
cinnamon,
cinamo
cipher, cifero
circle, rondo
86
English-Esperanto
circular, cirkulero
circumstance,
cirkon-
stanco
circus, cirko
cistern, cisterno
cite, citi
citizen, urbano, ano
city, urbo
civil, civila,gentila
civilize, civilizi
class, klaso
claw, ungo, ungego
clay, argilo
clean, pura
clear, klara
clerk, komizo
clever, lerta
client, kliento
climate, klimato
climb, suprenrampi
clink, tinti
clip, tondi
cloak, mantelo
clock, horlogo
close, proksima
close, fermi
cloth, drapo, tuko
clothe, vesti
cloud, nubo
clove, kariofilo
club, bastonego, trefo,
Vocabulary
coat, vesto
cock, koko
kokoso
cocoanut,
cod, gado
codicil, kodicilo
coddle, dorloti
coffee, kafo
coffer, kesto
coffin, 6erko
coin, monero
coke, koakso
colic, koliko
collar, kolumo
collect, kolekti
college, kolegio
colonel, kolonelo
colony, kolonio
colossal, kolosa
color, koloro
column, kolono
comb, kombi
batalo
combat,
kombini
combine,
come,
veni
komedio
comedy,
comet,
kometo
comfort, kotnforto
comic, komika
komo
comma,
command,
komandi,
ordoni
(of an
commander
klubo
coal, karbo, "tonkarbo
coast, marbordo, gliti
kakao
cocoa,
der),
or-
komandoro
commence,
commentary,
komenci
komen-
tario
commerce,
komerco
8S
English-Esperanto
konverti
convert,
konkinki
convince,
cook, kuiri
kupro
copper,
kopii, ekzemplero
copy,
coquet,
koketi
coral, koralo
cork, korko, "topi
korktirilo
corkscrew,
maizo, kalo
corn,
angulo
corner,
cornice, kornico
corporal,
korporalo,
korpa
kadavro
Vocabulary
kovri, tegi
cowl, kapuCo
dando
coxcomb,
cover,
coy,
rezerva
crab, kankro
crack, fendi, kraki
cradle, lulilo
crafty, ruza
crane,
gruo,
crape,
krepo
"arglevilo
crater, kratero
cravat,
kravato
crawl,
rampi
krajono
crayon,
crazy,
freneza
cream,
kremo
correspond, korespondi
create,
krei
korseto
Cossack, kozako
credit, kredito
corpse,
correct,
korekta
corset,
cost, kosto
costly, multekosta
cotton,
kotuno
cough, tusi
counsel, konsili,advo-
creditor, kreditoro
credulity, kredemo
creed, kredo
rampi
creep,
Creole, kreolo
crest,
tufo
crevice,
kato
kalkuli, grafo
countenance,
vizago
country, Iando,kamparo
couple, pare
kurago
courage,
courier, kuriero
count,
fendo
"ipanaro
cricket, grilo
crev7,
crime,
krimo
crippled, kripla
crisis, krizo
criticise, kritiki
crocodile, krokodilo
rikolto, kropo
court, jugejo,jugistaro, crop,
amindumi
kruco, malafabla
cross,
gentila
crystal, kristalo
courteous,
cube, kubo
cousin, kuzo, kuzino
course,
kurso
English-Esperanto Vocabulary
cuckoo, kukolo
kukumo
cucumber,
cuff, manumo
cuirass, kiraso
culpable, kulpa
cunning, ruza
cup,
taso
cupola, kupolo
kuraci, resanigi
cure,
curl, buklo
currant,
ribo
daffodil,narciso
dagger, ponardo
dahlia, dalio
daily, Ciutaga
dainty, frandajo
daisy, lekanteto
dam, digo
damage, difekti
damask, damasko
dame, sinjorino
kondamni
damn,
dance,
danci
dandy, dando
Dane, dano
dandelion, leontodo
danger, dangero
dangle, pendeti
dare, kuragi
dark, malluma
current,
89
fluo
curtain, kurteno
cushion, kuseno
kutitno
custom,
cut, tranCi
cutlet, kotleto
cyclone, ciklono
cylinder, cilindro
cymbal, cimbalo
cipreso
cypress,
czar,
caro
darken, mallumigi
darling, karuleto
darn, fliki
dart, sego, pikilo
date,
date,
datumi,
daktilo
dative, dativo
daub, fu"i
daughter, filino
daunt, timigi
dauntless, sentima
dawn,
tagigo
day, tago
daybook, taglibro
daydream, revo
dazzle, blindigi
diakono
deacon,
dead, senviva, mortinta
deaf, surda
English-Esperanto
90
deal, komerci, disdoni
Vocabulary
depend,
dependi
depute, deputi
dear, kara, multekosta
death, morto
describe,
debate, debato
desert, forlasi
diboCo
debauch,
debit, debito
debt, "uldo
karafo
decanter,
desert, dezerto
deserve, meriti
design, desegno
decaying, kaduka
deceive, trompi
Decembro
December,
decent, deca
decide, decidi
deck, ferdeko
declaim, deklami
declaration,
deklaracio
declare, aserti
declivity, deklivo
decorate,
ornami
deep, profunda
deer,
cervo
defend,
defendi
deficiency, deficito
define, definite
delay, prokrasti
delegate, delegito
delegation, delegacio
delicate, delikata
deliver, liveri
demand,
postuli
demokrato
democrat,
demon, demono
denunci
denounce,
dense, densa
deny,
nei
desire, deziri
desk, skribtablo
dessert, deserto
destine, destini
destroy,
decipher, deCifri
priskribi
detrui
detail, detalo
deter, malhelpi
devil, diablo
devoted, sindona
dew, roso
diagonal, diagonala
diagram, diagramo
dialect, dialekto
dialogue, dialogo
diameter, diametro
diamanto
diamond,
dictate, dikti
dictionary, vortaro
differ,diferenci
dig, fosi
digest, digesti
diligent, diligenta
dine, tagmangi, vespermangi
dip, trempi
diphthong, diftongo
diploma, diplomo
diplomacy, diplomatic
direct, direkti, ordoni
English-Esperanto
direct, rekta
director, direktoro
dirt, koto
disc, disko
discount, diskonto
discover, eltrovi
discreet, diskreta
discuss, diskuti
disgust, na^zi
dish, plado
disinfect, dezinfekti
dispatch, depe"o
dispel, forpeli
dispute, disputi
dissolve, solvi
distinct, klara
distinguish, distingi
disturbance, tumulto
diverse, diversa
divide, dividi
divorce, eksedzigo
do, far!
doctor, doktoro, kuracisto
dokumento
document,
dog, hundo
dogma, dogmo
doll, pupo
dollar, dolaro
door, pordo
dose, dozo
dot, punkto
doubt, dubi
douche, du"o
dove, kolombo
down, lanugo
Vocabulary
91
drag, treni
dragon, drako
dragoon, dragono
drama, dramo
draw,
tiri
drawers, kalsono
dray, Sargveturilo
dream, songi
dregs, feCo
dress, vesti
drill,bori
drink, trinki
drone, bur do
drop, guto, fail
drown, droni
drug, drogo
drum, tamburo
dry, seka
duck, anaso
dude, dando
duel, duelo
duet, dueto
duke, duko
dull, malakra
dung, sterko
durable, fortika
duration, daiiro
during, dum
dust, polvo
duty, devo, imposto
dyke, digo
dynamics, dinamiko
dynamite, dinamito
dynasty, dinastio
dysentery, disenterio
dyspepsia, dispepsio
English- Esperanto
Q2
elect, elekti
ell, ulno
t\M
each,
avida
eager,
eagle, agio
ear,
orelo, spiko
earl, grafo
early, frua, frue
earth, tero
earthenware,
fajenco
earthquake, tertremo
east, oriento
Easter,
Pasko
facila
easy,
eat, mangi
ebony, ebono
echo, elio
Edeno,
'
elm, ulmo
else, alie
embarasi
embarass,
emblemo
emblem,
embrace, eirkaiipremi
embroider, brodi
emerald, smeraldo
eminent, eminenta
empire, imperio
employ, dungi, uzi
ofico
employment,
malplena, vakempty,
anta
economize,
"pari
ecstacy, ekstazo
eczema,
Vocabulary
ekzemo
enamel, emajlo
enclose, enmeti,enfermi
bis
encore,
renkonti
Eden
encounter,
edge, rando
edict, edikto
edify, edifi
encroach,
end, fino
endow,
doti
edit, redakti
enemy,
malamiko
edition, eldono
educate, eduki
eel, angilo
energy,
energio
effect, efiki
effort, peno,
egg,
atenco
ovo
Egyptian, egipto
eight, ok
either, ati
elastic, elasta
elbow, kubuto
trudi
engine, maSino
Englishman, anglo
enjoy, gui
enlist, varbi, aligial
enough, sufi6e
enterprise, entrepreno
enthusiasm,entuziasmo
entice, logi
entire,
entreat,
tuta
petegi
English-Esperanto
envii
epidemic, epidemic
epilepsy, epilepsio
err,
ekvatoro
eskorto
especial, speciala
esenco,
oleo
establish, fondi, konstati,starigi
esteem,
estimi
eternal, eterna
ether, etero
ethics, etiko
etiquette, etiketo
belsona
euphonious,
Europe, Europo
eC, ebena
even,
okazo
event,
ajn, iam
ever,
every,
Siu, Cia
where,
ekzemplo
except,
6ie
evident, evidenta
escepte
troa
ekzekuti
exercise, ekzerco
exhibition, ekspozicio
exist, ekzisti
expand, etendi
atendi
expect,
expedite, ekspedi
expel, elpeli
elspezo
expense,
experience, sperto
lerta
expert,
explain, klarigi
explode, eksplodi
explore, esplori
esprimi, sendi
express,
rapidire
extend, etendi
external, ekstera
extinguish, estingi
extra,
everybody, tin
everybody's, ties
everything, tio
evei'y
example,
execute,
errand, komisio
erysipelas, erizipelo
essence,
ekzameni
exchange, inter"ango
borso
exchange,
excite, eksciti
exclusive, eksklusiva
excursion, ekskurso
erari
escort,
examine,
excessive,
episode, epizodo
epitaph, epitafo
epithet, epiteto
epoch, epoko
equal, egala
equation, ekvacio
equator,
93
evolution, evolucio
exact, preciza, gusta
envelop, envolvi
envelope, koverto
envy,
Vocabulary
ekstra
extreme,
eye,
ekstrema
okulo
eyebrow, brovo
eyeglasses, okulvitroj
eyelid, palpebro
English' Esperanto
94
Vocabulary
F
fable, fablo
facilitate,faciligi
feast, festeni
facsimile, faksimilo
fact, fakto
factory, fabriko
February,
feather, plumo
fee,
Februaro
pago
fade, velki
feed, nutri
feel, palpi, senti
fail,malsukcesi,bankroll
faint, sveni
felt, felto
female, ino
fair, foiro, justa
feminismo
feminism,
fence, skermi, barilo
fennel, fenkolo
ferment, fermenti
fern, filiko
faith, fido
fairy, feino
fall, fall
falsa, falsa, malvera
fame, famo
ferry, pramo
family, familio
familiar, familiara
fervor, fervoro
fan, ventumi
festival, festo
fanatical, fanatika
fetter, kateno
fever, febro
few,
iom,
fantasy, fantazio
far, maHroksima
farewell, adiaii
farm, farmi
fashion, maniero, modo,
festoon,
festono
nemultaj,
malmultaj, kelkaj
fiance, fiango
fiber, fibre
fictitious, fiktiva
fasono
fil
fast, rapida
fie!
fat,
field, kampo
grasa
fig,figo
fight, batali
figure, cifero
file, fajli
fill,plenigi
fatal, fatala
fate,
sorto
father, patro
fathom, sondi
faucet, krano
fault, kulpo,
favor,
favoro
fear, timo
eraro
final, fina
finance, financo
find,trovi
English'Esperanto Vocabulary
96
fountain, fontano
four, kvar
fowl, kortbirdo
fox, vulpo
fraction, frakcio
fragment, fragmento
frame, kadro
franc, franko
France, Francujo
frank, sincera
fraternal, frata
fraud, trompo
freckle, lentugo
free, libera, senpaga
framasono
freemason,
freight, Sargo
franco
Frenchman,
frequent, ofta
fresco, fresko
fresh, fre"a
froth, "aiimo
fruit, frukto
fry, friti
fulfill,plenumi
full, plena
funnel, funelo
fur, felo
furious, furioza
furnace, forno
furnish, provizi
furniture, meblaro
further, pile,plu
futile, vanta
future, estonta
gam,
garlic,ajlo
gajni
friend, amiko
fringe, fran go
frivolous, frivola
friz, frizi
frog,
rano
frost, frosto
gaiter, gamaSo
gall, galo
gallery, galerio
gallop, galopi
ludo, Casajo
game,
garment,
gamut,
gamo
gauge,
mezuri
bando
gauze,
gazo
gang,
gangrene,
gangrene
garden, gardeno
gargle, gargari
garland, girlando
vesto
garrison, garnizono
garter, gtrumpligilo
gas,
gaso
gather, kolekti
gay,
gaja
gazette, gazeto
gelatine, gelateno
gendarme, gendarmo
English-Esperanto Vocabulary
gender, sekso
genealogy, genealogio
general, generala, gen-
group,
gravy,
viandsuko
gray,
grava
graso
verda
greko
Greek,
guess,
diveni
guest,
gasto
guide, gvidi
guillotine, gilotino
guilt, kulpo
guitar, gitaro
gulf, golfo
great, granda
green,
kreski
grumble,
grumbli
grunt, grunti
garantio
guarantee,
guard, gardi, gvardio
griza
grease,
tetro
grow,
gipsy, cigano
tombo,
grupo
grouse,
eralo
grave,
97
grimace, grimaco
grind, pisti,mueli
Jemi
groan,
groin, ingveno
groteska
grotesque,
ground, tero
gum,
gumo
pafilo
gunpowder,
pulro
gipso
gypsum,
gun,
H
ha!
hardly, apena(i
hack, haki
hare, leporo
haremo
harem,
hail, hajli
harmony,
ha!
habit, kutimo
hair,
mano
harness, jungi
harp, harpo
harpoon,
harpuno
harrow,
erpi
harsh, malmilda, severa
harvest, rikolto
pendi, pendigi
hasten,
haro
half, duono
halt, halti, haltigi
ginko
ham,
martelo
hammer,
hand,
hang,
happiness,
harbor,
bard,
harmonio
feliCo
haveno
malmola
rapidi, rapidigi
hat, Capelo
hatchet,
hakilo
hate, malami
98
English-Esperanto
have, havi
haven, haveno
hawk,
akcipitro, kol-
porti
hay, fojno
hazard, hazardo
hazel-nut, avelo
he, li
head, kapo, estro
heal, resanigi, kuraci
heap, amaso,
staplo
hear, audi
heart, koro, kero
heat, hejti,varmigi
6ielo
heaven,
heavy, peza
hebreo
Hebrew,
hedgehog, erinaco
heed, atenti
heel, kalkano, kalkanumo
heir, heredanto
heliotrope, heliotropo
hell, infero
helm, direktilo
help, helpi
borderi
hem,
duonsfero
hemisphere,
kanabo
hemp,
hen, kokino
de tic
hence, de nun,
her, "in, "ia, si, sia
herald, heroldo
herb, herbo
herd, pa"ti, brutaro
here, tie Si, t\ tie
Vocabulary
heresy, herezo
hermit, ermit
hero, heroo
herring, haringo
hesitate, Sanceligi
hiccough, singulti
hide, ka"i
hierarchy, hierarliio
hieroglyphic, hieroglifo
high, alta
him, li,lin
himself, sin, si mem
hindo
Hindoo,
hinge, Carniro
hip, kokso
hippodrome,hipodromo
hippopotamus,
hipopotamo
hire, dungi
his, lia, sia
hiss, sibli
history, historic
hit, frapi
ho
! ho !
hoarfrost, prujno
hoarse, rauka
hoe, sarki
hog, porko
hold, teni, holdo
hole, true
holiday, festo
holly, ilekso
holy, sankta
home,
hejmo
homeohomeopathy,
patio
"
English'Esperanto
honest, honesta
honey, mielo
honor, honoro
hoof, hufo
hook, hoko
hope, esperi
hops, lupolo
horizon, horizonto
horn, Korno
horoskopo
horoscope,
horse, Cevalo
host, mastro, multego
hot, varmega
hotel, hotelo
hour, hero
house, domo
hOAV, kiel
however,
hue, nuanco
hum,
human
tamen
zumi
being, homo
humane,
humana
humble,
humiia
I, mi
ice, glacio
idea, ideo
ideal, idealo
identical, identa
idiom, idiomo
idol, idolo
if, se
ignorance, nescio
Vocabulary
99
humero
humerus,
humor, humoro
hump,
gibo
hunger, malsato
hundred, cent
hunt, 6asi, serCi
hurrah
! hura
1
hurry, rapidi
hurt, vundi, dolori, difekti
husband, edzo
husk, "elo
hyacinth, hiacinto
hydrogen, hidrogeno
hydrophobia,
hidrofo-
bio
hyena, hieno
hymn, himno
hyperbole, hiperbolo
hypokritical, hipokrita
hypothesis, hipotezo
hyssop, hisopo
hysteria, histerio
illness, malsano
illuminate, ilumini
illusion, iluzio
illustrate, iiustri
image, figuro
imagine, imagi
imitate, imiti
immediately, tuj
immense,
grandega
English-Esperanto
100
immigrate, enmigri
imp, koboldo
impair, difekti
imperative, ordona
imperial, imperia
import, enporti
impress, impresi
in, en
inch,
colo
incite, inciti
incline, inklini,deklivo
include, enhavi
income, rento
indefinite,nedifinita
index, tabelo
indicate, montri
indicative, indikative
indifferent, indiferenta
indignant, indigna
individual, individuo
indorse, girl
industrious, diligenta
industry, an, industrio
inertia, inercio
infant, infano, infaneto
infect, infekti
infernal, infera
infinite, senlima
influence, influi
influenza, gripo
inform, informi, sciigi
infuse, infuzi
Vocabulary
inoculate, inokuli
inquire, demandi
inquisitive, sciama
insane, freneza
insect, insekto
inside, interne
insidious, insida
insist, insisti
inspiri, inspiri
instance, instance
instead
of,
anstatatl
instinct, instinkto
tute
institute, fondi, instiinstitution, institucio
instruct, instrui
instrument, instrumento, ilo
insult, insulti
intelligent,inteligenta
intend, intenci
intense,
forta, ega
inter, enterigi
interest, intereso,procento
interior, interna
interpret, traduki
interrupt, interrompi
intrigue, intrigi
intrude, trudi
invalid, invalido, malsanulo
inhabit, logi
invent, elpensi
inhale, enspiri
inventory, inventaro
investigate, esplori
invite, inviti
initiate, iniciati
injury,vundo, difekto
English-Esperanto
invoice, fakturo
iodine, jodo
Ireland, Irlando
iron, fero, gladi
Vocabulary
is, estas
island, insulo
isolate, izoli
issue, eldoni
isthmus, istmo
it, gi
Italian, Italo
itch, Juki
ivy, hedero
jackass, azenviro
jackal, gakalo
jacket, jako,Jako,Jaketo
jail,karcero
jam, fruktajo
January, Januaro
Japanese, japano
jay, garolo
jessamine, jasmeno
Jesus, Jesuo
Jew, judo
jingle, tinti
job, tasko
join, kunigi
joint, artiko
joke, "erci
journal, Jurnalo
joy, gojo, joy
jubilee, jubileo
judge, juji
jug, kruCo
juggle, Jongli
juice, suko
July, Julio
June, Junio
just, justa, guste
just now.
Jus
justice, justeco
irony, ironio
kangaroo,
didelfo
keel, kilo
key, glosilo
kick, piedfrapo
kidney, reno
kill, mortigi, buSi
kilogram, kilogramo
kiloliter, kilolitro
"
kilometro
kilometer,
kind, speco, bonkora
king, rejo
kiss, kisi
kitchen, kuirejo
knapsack, tornistro
knead, knedi
knee, genuo
lOI
English-Esperanto
I02
Vocabulary
knit, triki
know, scii
knot, banto, tubero
kopeck, kopeko
knout,
Koran,
knife, tranCilo
knight, kavaliro
knuto
korano
labor, labori
lathe, tornilo
lace, laCi, pasamento,
punto
Latin,
lack, manko
lackey, lakeo
laconic, lakona
lad, knabo
lady, sinjorino
lake, lago
"afido
lamb,
lame,
lama
lamp,
lampo
lance, lanco
land, tero, lando
landlord,
hotelmastro,
laugh, ridi
laundress, lavistino
laurel, laiiro
law, lego
lawsuit,
proceso
lay, meti
layer, tavolo
lead, konduki
lead, plumbo
leaf, folio
lean, klini, malgrasa
leap,
salti
learn, lerni,sciigi
legitimate, legitima
bienulo
landscape, pejzago
language, lingvo
lantern, lanterno
larceny,
latina
"telo
lard, lardo
large, granda
lark, alaudo
citrono
lemon,
limonado
lemonade,
lend, prunti,prunte doni
leopard,
leopardo
leprosy, lepro
less, malpli
lesson,
leciono
larva, larvo
lethargy, letargio
larynx, laringo
letter, letero, litero
lettuce, latuko
level, nivelo, ebena
liable, responda
last, lasta, daiiri
late, malfrua
lath, lato
English-Esperanto
104
loyal, fidela
Vocabulary
lute, liuto
luterano
Lutheran,
luxury, lukso
lyre, liro
luck, ganco, bon"anco
lull, lull
lung, pulmo
M
makadamo
macadam,
makaroni
macaroni,
ma"ino
machine,
madam,
sinjorino
magazine, revuo, gazeto
magic, magic
magnet,
magneto
mahogono
mahogany,
mail, po"to
maizo
maize,
mania,
administri
manio
manifesto, manifesto
manifold, multenombra
manner,
maniero
manufacture,
manure,
fabriki
sterko
many,
multo
multe,
marble,
March,
marmoro
Marto
margin, margeno
marguerite, lekanto
mara
marine,
mark,
signo, stampo,
marko
marquis, markezo
marriage, edzeco, edzigo
marsh,
majestic, majesta
major, majoro
majority, plimulto
fari
make,
male, viro
malica
malicious,
homo, viro
man,
manage,
mar"i
march,
marshal, margalo
martyr, martiro
mask, masko
masto
mast,
majstro
master,
masticate,
mat,
maSi
mato
alumeto
match,
material, material"
materio, puso
matter,
matraco
mattress,
mature,
matura
maksimo
maxim,
maksimumo
maximum,
May,
multaj,
marCo
mayor,
Majo
urbestro
mazurko
mazurka,
min, mi
me,
meal, faruno, mango
English-Esperanto
mean,
signifi
meza,
measles,
morbilo
measure,
mezuri
meat,
viando
medalo
medal,
kuracilo,
medicine
medicino
meditate,
medium,
mediti
medi-
meza,
umo
meet,
renkonti
melancholy,
melanko-
lio
melody,
melodic
melon, melono
melt, fluidigi,
degeli
memory,
memoro
menace,
minaci
fliki
mend,
citi
mention,
hidrargo
mercury,
mere,
nura
meridian, meridiano
merit, meriti
ma"o
mesh,
depe"o
message,
Mesio
Messiah,
metal, metalo
meteor,
method,
meteoro
metodo
mezurilo
metro,
mikrobo
microbe,
meter,
Vocabulary
105
mild, milda
milk, lakto, melki
mill, muelilo
millet, milio
million, miliono
animo, spirito,
mind,
obei, atenti,zorgi
mine, mia, mian
mine, mino
mineral, mineralo
minister, pastro, ministro
mint, mento
minute, minuto,
mirror, spegulo
noto
miserly, avara
misery, mizero
misprint, preseraro
miss, fraiilino
mission, misio
Mister, Sinjoro
mix, miksi
gemi
moan,
moki
mock,
modo
mode,
model, modelo
modera
moderate,
moderna
modern,
modest, modesta
moduli
modulate,
mahoMohammedan,
metano
middle, meza
mien, mieno
moment,
might, povo
migrate, migri
Monday,
monarch,
money,
momento
monarlio
lundo
money
io6
Eiiglish Espera
-
mandate
money-order,
mongrel, hibrida
monkey, simio
monografo
monograph,
monogram,
monogramo
monologue,
monomania,
monologo
monoma-
nio
monopoly,
monopolo
month,
monato
monumento
monument,
mood,
humoro,
moon,
luno
morala,
morals,
modo
mow,
falsi
multe, multo
much,
mud, koto, "limo
muff, mufo
mulberry, moruso
mule, mulo
multiply, multigi,multipliki
mummy,
mumo
murmuri
murmur,
muskolo
muscle,
muse,
morala
moro,
Vocabulary
urba
municipal,
murder, mortigi
monstro
monster,
nto
muzo,
museum,
etiko
more,
pli
inorning, mateno
hipoteko
mortgage,
mosiac, mozaiko
moskito
mosquito,
muzeo
mushroom,
fungo
music, muziko
pli multe, pli,plu
the, ju pli....des musket,
more,
revi
muslin,
muskedo
muslino
devas, devegas
mustardo
mustard,
"ima
musty,
must,
moss,
musko
muta, mutulo
mutiny, ribelo
most,
plej,plej multe
mutter,
murmuri
moth,
tineo
mutton,
"afaJo
reciproka
mother,
motion,
motive,
patrino
movo
motive
mute,
mutual,
bu"umo
muzzle,
mia, mian
my,
mouldy, "ima
monto
mountain,
myriad, miriado
myrrh, mirho
myrtle, mirto
mouse,
mystery,
motto,
moto
muso
moustache,
lipharoj
bu"o
mouth,
move,
movi
mistero
mystify, mistifiki
myth, mito
mythology, mitologio
English- Esperanto
Vocabulary
107
N
nail,najli,ungo
niece,
naive, naiva
night, nokto
nine, naii
naked,
name,
nuda
nomo
nankeno
nankeen,
nevmo
noble, nobla
nobelo
nobleman,
narrate,
rakonti
nobody,
narrow,
mallarga
no,
neniu
no
noise, bruo
nasal, naza
nation, nacio
naturally, nature, kompreneble
none,
neniom
nature,
naturo
noon,
tagmezo
naught,
nulo
nor,
nay,
ne
proksima, apud
nearly, preskaii
nose,
necessary,
neck, kolo
not,
near,
necesa
nerve,
nevo
neiitra
neutral, neiitrala
never,
neniam
nevertheless,
new,
ne
notario
noti, rimarki,bilo
nothing, nenio
notice, rimarki, avizo
notify, sciigi,avizi
note,
tamen
nice, agrabla
nickel, nikelo
nicotine, nikotino
nun
nenie,
nowhere,
nude,
Jurnalo
substantivo
novel, romano
Novembro
November,
now,
nova
newspaper,
nostril, naztruo
noun,
nervo
neuter,
nazo
notary,
necktie, kravato
need, bezoni
neither, nek
nephew,
nek
normal, normala
north, nordo
naiizo
nausea,
nomad, nomado
nominative, nominativo
nuda
nombro,
number,
mero
nurse,
varti,flegi
nut, nukso
nu-
io8
oak, kverko
oar,
remilo
oasis, oazo
oath, Jure
oatmeal,
grio
obelisk, obelisko
obey, obei
object, celo, objekto
object, kontraiiparoli
obligation, devo
oblige, devigi, fari komplezon
oblique, oblikva
observe,
rimarki
obstinate, obstina
obstruct, obstrukci
obtain, ricevi,akiri
obtrude, trudi
occasion,
okazo
occur,
okazi
ocean,
oceano
October,
Oktobro
ocular, okula
odd, stranga, nepara
ode, odo
odor, odoro
of, de, da
offend, ofendi
offer, proponi, prezenti
office, ofico
often, ofte
ho!
oil, oleo
old, malnova, antikva,
maljuna
olive, olivo
antausigno
omen,
omnibuso
omnibus,
omnipotent,
Ciopova
on,
sur
once,
one,
unufoje
unu
onion, bulbo
only, nur
onward,
onyx,
antaiien
onikso
opal, opalo
open,
malfermi
opera,
opero
opera-glass,
operate,
lorneto
operacii,funk-
cii
okupi
occupy,
oh!
Vocabulary
English- Esperanto
opinion, opinio
opium, opio
opponent,
opportune,
kontraiiulo
gustatempa
opportunity, okazo
subpremi
oppress,
optics, optiko
optimism,
optimismo
opulent, riCa
or,
au
oracle, orakolo
orango
orange,
ordain, ordeni
Vocabulary
English-Esperanto
order, mendi, ordoni
ovary,
orgeno
organ, organo,
orient, oriento
oven,
forno
over,
super
ornami
ornament,
orphan, orfo
orthodox, ortodoksa
ovujo
venki
overcome,
overhead, supre
overtake, atingi
renversi
orthography, ortografio overthrow,
ostrich, struto
other, alia
t)verturo,
ought, devas
owe,
ounce,
owl, strigo,gufo,cikumo
our,
I
109
unco
nia
uverturo, pro-
pono
"uldi
own,
propra,
posedi
out, el, ekster
outline, skizo, konturo
outside, ekster,-a, -e
oval, ovala
ox,
pack, paki
package, pakajo
pad, vati
pagoda, pagodo
pail, sitelo
pain, doloro
paint, pentri,kolori
pair, paro
palace, palaco
palate, palato
palatable, bongusta
pale, pala, paligi
palm, palmo, manplato
paltry, triviala
pamphlet, pamfleto
panic, paniko
pantaloons, pantalono
panther, pantero
pantomime, pantomimo
paCjo
papa,
pamper,
dorloti
bovo
oxygen,
oksigeno
oxide, oksido
oyster, ostro
paper,
papero
papiruso
parade, paradi
paradise, paradizo
paradox, paradokso
parasol, sunombrelo
parchment,
pergameno
pardon, pardoni
sen"eligi
pare,
papyrus,
Eiiglish-Esperanto
no
gepatroj
park, parko
parliament, parlamento
parody, parodio
Vocaoul
ry
parents,
pause,
parrot,
pavimo
pavilion, pavilion
pay, pagi
pizo
pea,
papago
parsimony, parcimonio
parsley, petroselo
parsnip, pastinako
pastro
part, parto, porcio
parson,
participate, partopreni
participle, participo
partition, divido
partridge, perdriko
party, partio
pasi
pass,
vojaganto
passenger,
passion, pasio, manic
passive, pasiva
passport, pasporto
past, estinta
paste, pasto
pasteboard, kartono
pastel, pa"telo
pastille,pastelo
pastor,
pastoral, kampara,
pas-
toralo
patch, fliki
patent,
pavement,
peace,
patento
paternal, patra
pathos, patoso
patience, pacienco
patriarch, patriarko
patriot, patrioto
patrol, patrolo
paco
peach, persiko
peacock, pavo
peak, pinto
piro
pear,
pearl, perlo
pedal, pedalo
pedant, pedanto
peddle, kolporti
pedestal, piedestalo
peel, "eIo
pelt, felo
plumo
pen,
penalty, puno
inklino, emo
penchant,
pendulum, pendolo
penetri
penetrate,
penitent, penta
penny,
pastro
pauzo
penco
pension, pensio
penurious, avara
peonio
peony,
people, popoli,homoj
pipro
pepper,
procento
percentage,
perch, perko
perfect, perfekta
perform, fari,plenumi
perfume, parfumo
perhaps, eble
peril, dangerego
Eiiglish'
Esperanto
112
pleasant, plaCa
plenty, sufiCa
pliable, fleksebla
plot, konspiri,komploto
plow, plugi
pluck, kurago
plum, pruno
dika
plump,
plural, multenombra
plush, plu"o
pocket, po"o
pod, "elo
poem,
poet,
poeto
point, punkto
poison, veneno
pole, stango, poluso
police, polico
polish, poluri
polite, gentila
politics, politiko
polyp, polipo
pomade, pomado
pompous,
granato
pompa
pond, lageto
poniard, ponardo
poodle, pudelo
pope,
papo
poplar, poplo
popular, populara
porcelain, porcelano
porcupine, histriko
pore,
port, haveno
portion, porcio, parto
portrait, portreto
positive, pozitiva
posedi
possess,
possible, ebla
post, fosto
post card, poStkarto
poster, afi"o
pot, poto
potash,
potato,
potaso
terpomo
potency,
poemo
pomgranate,
Vocabulary
poro
pork, porkajo
porphyry, porfiro
potenco
poultice, kataplasmo
pisti, bategi,
pound,
funto, livro
ver"i, "uti
pour,
powder, pulvo, pulvoro,
pudro
power,
povo,
potenco
practical, praktika
practice, kutimo
prairie, herbejo, stepo
praise, laudi
prattle, babili
pregi
pray,
preach, prediki
precentor,
kantoro
precise, preciza,gusta
prefer, preferi
prefix, prefikso
graveda
pregnant,
prejudice, antadjugo
premium,
premio
prepari
prepare,
preposition, prepozicio
E7iglish-Esperanto Vocabulary
presbyter, presbitero
113
proletarian, proletario
prescription, recepto
promenade, promeni
present, donaci,prezenti promise, promesi
konfiti
preserve,
promptly, tuj, gustapreside, prezidi
tempe
premilo, presilo
press,
pronoun,
pronomo
pretext, preteksto
pronounce,
elparoli
beleta
proof, pruvo,
pretty,
provo
previous, antaiia
propaganda, propagando
price, prezo
prick, piki
property, posedajo
priest, pastro
prophet,
profeto
prince, princo
proportion, proporcio
principal, precipa
proposal, propono
principle, principo
rata, proporcie
pro
print, presi
prose,
prozo
prison, karcero
prosperi
prosper,
private, privata
protect, protekti
privilege, privilegio
protest, protesti
proud, fiera
prize, premio
probe, sondi, esplori
pruvi
prove,
problem, problemo
proverbo, proverb
provide, provizi
proboscis, rostro
proceed, procedi
province, provinco
provision, provizajo
procession, procesio
provisional, provizora
proclaim, proklami
akiri
provoke, incite
procure,
prodigal, mal"para
proximity, proksimeco
prudent, prudenta
produce, produkti
sekpruno
profess, profesi
prune,
Prussian, pruso
profession, profesio
psalm, psalmo
professor, profesoro
public, publika
proficient, kompetenta
publish, eldoni, publikprofile, profilo
igi
profit, profito,gajno
ido, idaro
pull, tiri
progeny,
English-Esperanto
114
pulley, rulbloko
Vocabulary
puritan, puritano
purple, purpnro
celo, intenco
purpose,
monujo
purse,
pulse, pulso
pumpi
pump,
kukurbo
pumpkin,
(drink),punCo
punch
punctuate,
interpunkcii
puncture,
trapiki
punish, puni
pupil, lernanto,pupilo
aSeti
purchase,
virta,Casta
pure,
pura,
puzzle, enigmo
pyramid, piramido
python, pitono
quack,
queer,
anasbleki,
latano
kvarteto
quartet,
regino
rabbi, rabeno
rabbit, kuniklo
radius, radiuso
raft, floso
rag,
puso
pu"i
putrid, putra
push,
putty, mastiko
stranga
question,
quadrant, kvadranto
quadrille, kvadrilo
quail, koturno
quality, kvalito,eco
quantity, kvanto
queen,
6ar-
pus,
aifono
quick, rapida
quiet, kvieta
quill, plumo
quit, lasi
quite, tute
quoin, kojno
quote,
citi
rake, rasti
rank, vico, rango
perforto
rape,
rapid, rapida
raspberry,
ragamuffin, bubo
rat, rato
rail, relo
rate,
railroad, fervojo
rain, pluvo
rainbow, Cielarko
demando
frambo
procento
rather, pli volonte
reach, atingi
read, legi
Engl
isJi
-
Esp
eranto
readily, volonte, facile
ready, preta
reala
real, vera,
really, vera, efektive
ream,
rismo
reap,
rikolti
reason,
rezoni
rebate, rabato
rebel, ribeli
rebuke, riproSi
rebut,
refuti
receipt, kvitanci
receipts, enspezoj
receive, ricevi
recently, antaii nelonge
recite, rakonti, deklami
recognize, rekoni
rekomendi
recommend,
rekom-
recompense,
penci
recount,
rakonti
recruit, rekruto
red, ruga
reduce, malpliigi
reed, kano
reef, rife
Vocabulary
regret,
lis
bedaiiri
regulation, regulo
reject, rifuzi
rejoice, goji
relate, rakonto
relation, rilato,parenco
religion, religio
rely, konfidi
remain, resti
remark, rimarki
remedy, rimedo
memori
remember,
malproksima
remote,
render, redoni
rent, lui
repair, ripari
ripeti
raporti
ripozi
repose,
reprezenti
represent,
reproach,
riproCi
reproduce, reprodukti
republic, respubliko
reputation, reputacio
request, peti
require, postuli,bezoni
repeat,
report,
savi
reflect, rebrili,
pripensi
refuge, take, rifu^i
refund, repagi, redoni
research,
resemble,
refuse, rifuzi
reserve,
refute, refuti
regale, regali
regard, rigardi
resist, kontraiistari
regarding, pri
region, regiono
register, registri
respond, respondi
resti,ripozi
rest, pauzo,
rescue,
esploro
simili
rezervi
resolute, decida
respect, respekti
restaurant,
restoracio
ii6
English' Esperanto
result, rezulti,rezultato
retain, gardi, teni
retina, retino
retort, respondi
return, redoni, reveni
revengo
revenge,
review, revuo,
parado
revolt, ribelo
revolution, revolucio
reward, rekompenco
reiimarheumatism,
tismo
rhinoceros, rinocero
rhubarb, rabarbo
rhyme, rimo
rythm, ritmo
rib, ripo
ribbon, rubando
rice, rizo
rich, ri6a
ride, rajdi
ridiculous, ridinda
rifle,pafilo
right, rajto,guste, dekstra, rekta, prava
righteous, justa
rim, rando
ring, ringo, rondo
ringlet, buklo
rise, levigi
risk, riski
rival, konkuri
river, rivero
road, vojo
vagi
roam,
mugi, blekegi
roar,
Vocabulary
rob, rabi
robe, vesti, robo
robust, fortika
rock, roko
fripono
rogue,
roll,ruli,ruligi,bulko
roof, tegmento
rook, frugilego
eambro
room,
koko
rooster,
root,
radiko
rope,
"nuro
rose,
rozo
kolofono
rosin,
rot, putri
rouble, ruble
round,
ronda
rouse,
veki, eksciti
route,
ro^v,
vojo
remi, vico
rub, froti
ruby, rubeno
rude, malgentila
ruin, ruino
rule, regi, regulo
run,
kuri
rum,
rumo
rural, kampara
ruse,
ruzo
rush, kuregi
rush, junko
Russia, Ruslando
Russian, ruso
rust,
rusti
ruthless, senkompata
rye,
sekalo
English'Esperanto Vocabulary
sack, sako
sacred, sankta
sacrifice, oferi
saddle, selo
sagacious, sagaca
salvio, saga
sage,
sail, velo,
salad, salato
salary, salajro
sale, vendo
saline, sala
salmon, salmo
salt, sale
salute, saluti
same,
sample, specimeno
SEinction, sankcii
sand, sablo
racia
sane,
sarkasmo
sardine, sardine
Sardinian, sardo
Satan, Satano
satin, atlaso
satire, satiro
saturi
saturate,
Saturday,
sausage,
savage,
save,
saw,
sabato
saiico
sauce,
scaffold, e"afodo
scald, brogi
scale,
skalo, skvamo
scales, pesilo
scandal, skandalo
skandiScandinavian,
navo
cikatro
scar,
scarcely, apenaii
scarf, skarpo
scarlatina, skarlatino
scarlet, skarlato
kolbaso
sovaga
savi, "pari
segi
odoro
projekto
scheme,
science, science
scissors, tondilo
dudeko
score,
sanitary, higiena
sarcasm,
diri
scab, skabio
say,
scent,
sama
111
Scotchman,
skoto
scoundrel, kanajlo
skurgi
scourge,
skrapi
scrape,
scratch, grati
screen,
"irmiIo
screw,
"ra(ibo
scrofula, skrofolo
sculpture, skulpti
sea,
maro
seal, sigeli,foko
search, serCi
marbordo
seashore,
season,
sezono
ii8
Vocabulary
English'Esperanto
seat, sego, sidigi,sidigi
serious,
second,
sermon,
prediko
sekreto
serpent,
serpento
ka"i
servant,
servisto
secret,
sekundo, dua
secrete,
sekto
sect,
servile, sklava
section, sekcio, parto
secular, neeklezia
feCo
sediment,
seduce, delogi
see,
vidi
senator,
senato
senatano
send, sendi
sense,
sento,
senco,
racio, sageco
sensible, saga
sensual, voluptema
sentence,
jugi, kondamni, frazo
aparta
separate,
Septembro
September,
seraph, serafo
serenade, serenado
serene,
seven,
trankvila
sep
several, kelkaj,multaj,
diversaj
severe,
sew,
seed, semo
seek, serCi
"ajni
seem,
seemly, deca
seize, ekkapti
select, elekti
self, selves, mem
sell, vendi
semicolon,punktokomo
seminary, seminario
senate,
serioza
sex,
severa
kudri
sekso
shade, nuanco,
ombrajo
shaft, timono
shake, Sanceli, skui,
tremi
shame,
honto
shape, formo
dividi, akcio,
share,
parto, porcio, partopreni
shark, "arko
sharp, akra
shatter, frakasi
shave, razi
shawl, "aIo
she, "i
sheaf, garbo
shear, tondi
sheath, ingo
sheep, "afo
shelf, breto
shell, "elo
shepherd, pa"tisto
shield, "ildo, "irmi
shilling,gilingo
shine, brili
^
sergeant, sergento
series, serio
Vocabulary
English'Esperanto
I20
snake,
serpen
snare,
kaptilo
sneeze,
terni
so,
nego
tiel,tia, tiom
soap,
soprano,
sapo
soprano
sorrel, okzalo
sort,
ronki
snore,
snow,
to
speco
soul, animo
sound, sono,
soup,
siipo
sour,
acida
sondi
sober, sobra
social, sociala, socia
socialism, socialismo
soda, sodo
sofa, sofo
soft, mola
soil, tero
solar, suna
solder, luti
source,
soldier, soldato
speak, paroli
species, speco
sole, sola
solena
solemn,
solid, fortika,firma
soliloquy, monologo
solution, solvo
solve, solvi
kelkaj, kelke,
some,
iom, ia
somebody, iu
somebody's, ies
iel
somehow,
something,
io
iom
somewhat,
somewhere,
son,
filo
sonata,
sonato
song,
kanto
soon,
baldaii
soot,
fulgo
ie
fonto, deveno
sudo
south,
sow,
porkino
sow,
semi
space,
spaco,
daiiro
spade, fosilo
spade
(cards),piko
spare,
indulgi
sparrow,
specter,
pasero
fantomo
spekulacii
speed, rapideco
spell, silabi
spend, elspezo
sphere, sfero
sphinx, sfinkso
spice, spico
spider, araneo
spill,disver"i, dis"uti
spin, "pini
spine, spino
spirit, spirito, animo,
fantomo, energio, alspeculate,
koholo
spiritualism, spiritualismo
Spit, kraCi
English-Esperanto Vocabulary
spite, malamo
spite of, in, spite
splash, "pruci, platidi
split, fendi
spoil, difekti, malbonigi,malbonigi
spoke, radio
sponge,
sponge
kulero
spoon,
starboard, dekstro
stato, etate, state
statue
statue,
kreske
stature,
statute,
regule,
stay, resti
steal, "teli
vapore
spoonful, plenkulero
spring, salti,printempo,
risorto,fonto
steep,
spur,
stenography,
spiono
squad, taCmento
squadron, skadro(miI.)
eskadro
(naval)
spy,
square,
kvadrato
squint, strabi
squirrel, sciuro
stab, pikegi
stable, Cevalejo
staff, stango, stabo
stage, scenejo
stain, makulo
stair, "tuparo
stake, paliso,fosto
stall, budo, stalo
stamin,
stameno
balbuti
stammer,
stamp,
stampi, po"t-
marko
standard,
modelo
.star, stele
steel, "talo
standardo,
kruta
direkti,bevo
steer,
stenegra-
fie
step,
step-
Stupe, pa"i
duen(relation),
stereotype, stereotipe,
kli"i
sterile, senfrukta
stick, bastone
stick, glui
stiff,rigida
stifle,sufoki
still, trankvila, kvieta,
tamen, ankoratl, sendistilile
mova,
stir, mevi
stitch, stebi
stocking, gtrumpo
stoical, stoika
stomach,
stone,
stand, stari
lege
steak, steke, bifsteke
steam,
sprono
121
stomake
"tone
stool, skabele
Cesi
stop, halti, haltigi,
store,
zene,
previze,
butike
maga-
Vocabulary
English- Esperanto
122
Story, historic, fabelo,
etago
stout
(fat),dika
forno
stove,
straight, rekta
strain, streSi, kribri
strait, markolo
strand, fadeno
subject, temo, subjekto,
regato, regnano
submara
submarine,
subscribe,
aboni, sub-
skribi, monoferi
sekve,
subsequently,
poste
substitute,
anstataiii
strange,
stranga
subterfuge, artifiko
stratum,
tavolo
succeed, sukcesi
such, tia
pajlo
strawberry, frago
streak, streko
stream, rivero,rivereto
procesi
suffix, sufikso
suffrage, voCdono
street,
sugar,
straw,
street-
strato
tramveturilo
car,
stretch, streCi
strict, severa
strike,frapi,striko
string, gnureto
drastringent, severa,
kona
strukturo
struggle, barakti
strut, paradi
strychnine, striknino
student, studento
studious,
lernema
study, lerni
stuff, "tofo, plenigi
style, stilo,mode, fasono
stylish, moda
sukero
suit, konveni, kompleto
sulphur, sulfuro
sum,
sumo
summer,
somero
summit,
supro
sumptuous,
sun,
strip, strio
stripe, streko
stroll, promeni
structure,
sue,
luksa
suno
Sunday, dimanSo
superfluous, superflua
superior, supera
superstition, superstiCo
noktomango,
supper,
vespermanjo
aldono
supplement,
supply, provizi
support,
subteni
subpremi
surprise, surprizi
suspekti
suspect,
swallow,
gluti,hirundo
suppress,
swarm,
svarmi
English-Esperanto
Vocabulary
123
swear,
Juri,blasfemi
symbol,
sweat,
"viti
symmetry,
simetrio
Swede,
svedo
simpatio
sweep,
balai
sympathy,
symphony,
sweet,
dolCa, malacida
swell, gveli
swift, rapida
swim, nagi
swing, svingi
Swiss,
sviso
swoon,
sveni
sword,
glavo
syllable, silabo
simbolo
simfonio
simptomo
sinagogo
symptom,
synagogue,
syndicate, sindikato
synod, sinodo
sinonimo
synonym,
syntax,
sintakso
synthesis, sintezo
siropo
syrup,
system, sistemo
table, tablo, tabelo
tactics, taktiko
taffeta, tafto
tax, taksi, imposto
tea, teo
tail, vo"to
tailor, tajloro
tear, "iri
tear, larmo
teat, mampinto
take, preni
tale, rakonto, fabelo
talent, talento
talk, paroli
tall, alta
tallow,
Talmud,
sebo
talmudo
teach, instrui
tedious, teda
telegram, telegramo
telephone, telefoni
telescope, teleskopo
tell, rakonti, diri
temperature,
ture
tempera-
tan, tani
tar,
gudro
tempest,
ventego
tariff, tarifo,imposto
temple, tempio, tempio
tart, acida, torto
tempt,
gusto, gustumi
tattoo, tatui
ten,
taste,
tenti
dek
tenant,
luanto
English'Esperanto
124
tendon,
tenor,
tendeno
tenoro
tent, tendo
term, templimo, termino
terminate,
terrace,
fini
teraso
territory, teritorio
terror,
teruro
test, provi
testamento
testament,
testify,atesti
tetanus, tetano
text, teksto
textile, teksa
than, ol
thank, danki
that, tic,tiu, kiu, ke
thaw, degeli
the, la
theater, teatro
their, ilia,sia
ilin,ili
them,
theme,
temo
tiatn, do, poste
theology, theologio
theory, teorio
there, tie
therefore, tial
then,
thermometer,
metro
they, ili
thick, dika
thief, gtelisto
thigh, femuro
thing, io, ajo
think, pensi
termo-
Vocabulary
thirst, soifo
this, tio ei, tiu Ci
thistle,kardo
thorn, dorno
thou, ci, vi
though, kvankam
thrash, draSi
thread, fadeno
threaten, minaco
three, tri
threshold, sojlo
thrill, vibri,eksciti
throat, gorgo
throne, trono
throng, amaso
through, tra
throw, Jeti
thrush, turdo
dika fingro
thumb,
thunder, tondri
Thursday, Jaudo
thus, tiel, tiamaniere
thy, ci, via
thyme, timiano
ticket, bileto
tickle, tikli
tide, tajdo
tie, ligi,kravato
tier, vico
tiger, tigro
till,gis
time, tempo
tin, stano
tinkle, tinti
tipple, drinki
tipsy, ebria
English'Esperanto
tire, lacigi,tedi,enui
title,titolo
to, al
toad, bufo
tabako
today, hodiaii
toe, piedfingro
tolerate, toleri
tomato
tomato,
tombo
tomb,
morgaii
tomorrow,
tono
tone,
too,
tro
tool, ilo
dento
tooth,
postsigno
track, vojo
trade, negoci, komerci,
tradition, tradicio
tragedy, tragedio
train, dresi, vagonaro,
instrui
trait, trajto
traitorous, perfida
transskribi
transcribe,
translate, traduki
transparent,
lango
tongue,
trace,
treasure,
treat,
trakti
topic,
temo
treaty,
torch,
torSo
turmenti
torpedo, torpedo
torrent,
torento
torrid, varmega
tortoise, testudo
Jeti
toss,
total,
tuto
totter, "anceli
touch,
tow,
tu"i, palpi
stupo
al
toward,
towel, vi"ilo
tower,
town,
turo
urbo
toy, ludilo
travidebla
travel, veturi, vojagi
tray, pleto
treadle, pedalo
pinto
top, supro,
topaz, topazo
torment,
125
metio
toast, toasto
tobacco,
Vocabulary
trezoro
kuraci,
regali,
kontrakto,
terkonsento
tree, arbo
triangle, triangulo
tribe, gento
trifle,bagatelo
trill,trili
trio, trio
triumph,
triumfo
trivial, triviala
trombono
trombone,
troop,
bando,
amaso
tropic, tropiko
trot, troti
trough, trogo
trousers,
pantolono
trout,
truto
in-
126
English' Esperanto
Vocabulary
kesto,
kofro,
trunk,
trunko, rostro
trust, konfidi, fidi
try, peni, provi, atenci
tub, kuvo
turkey, meleagro
turn, turni, torni,vico
turpentine, terebinto
turquoise, turkiso
turtle, testudo
turtle-dove, turto
tube, tubo
tuber, tubero
twelve, dekdu
twine, fadeno, Snureto
Tuesday,
twinkle, brileti
twist, tordi
twitter, pepi, Cirpi
trump,
atuto, trumpo
mardo
tuft, tufo
tulip, tulipo
tumbler, glaso
tumult, tumulto
tune, agordi
turf, torfo
Turk, turko
du
two,
type, modelo, preslitero,
tipo
typhus, tifo
tyrant, tirano
U
udder, mamo
ugly, malbela
ukase, ukazo
ulcer, ulcero
senlima
unbounded,
uncle, onklo
under, sub
undergo, suferi
substreki
underscore,
understand, kompreni
undertake, entrepreni
unexpected, neatendita
malfeliCa
unhappy,
uniform, uniformo
union, unuigo, unuigo
unit, unuo
universal, universala
university, universitato
unless, escepte ke
until, gis
al
unto,
unworthy,
upon,
sur
urge,
urgi
malinda
urine, urino
us,
nin
use,
uzi
usual, kutima
uzurpi
utilize, utiligi
Utopia, utopio
utterly, tute
usurp,
English-Esperanto
128
Vocabulary
W
vati
wad,
wager,
veti
wages,
salajro
gargveturilo
wagon,
waist, talio
w^ait, atendi, servi
'waiter, kelnero
wake, veki
walk, mar"i, promeni
wall, muro
walnut, juglando
'waltz, valso
wander, vagi
'want, bezoni, manki
ward, kvartalo
varma
warm,
averti
warn,
'wash, lavi
gardi, po"horwatch,
logo
akvo
water,
ondo
wave,
wax,
vakso
way,
vojo, maniero
we,
ni
wealth, riCeco
porti,eluzi
"wear,
laca, enua
weary,
vetero
weather,
wedge, kojno
merkredo
Wednesday,
weed, sarki
"week, semajno
plori
weep,
'weigh, pezi,pesi
bonveno
welcome,
well,
nu,
Sana,
bone,
puto
west,
okcidento
malseka
whale, baleno
wet,
what, kia, kio
-wheat, tritiko
rado
wheel,
kiam
when,
-where, kie
Cu
whether,
which,
kio, kiu
'while, dum
kaprico
whim,
'whip, vipo
'whiskers, vangharoj
'whisper, paroleti
'whistle, fajfi
whist, visto
white, blanka
who, kiu
'whole, tuto, tuta
wholesale, pogrande
'whom, kiun
'whose, kies
why, kial
Esperanto Vocabulary
Eng-lish-
129
vidvo
widower,
wife, edzino
wild, sovaga
wizard, sorCisto
^volf, lupo
willful, obstina
will, testamenti, voli
willingly, volonte
win, venki, gajni
wind, vento
wind, tordi, vindi,streCi
fenestro
window,
wine, vino
wing, flugilo,flankajo
wink, palpebrumi
winter, vintro
wipe, vi"i
wisdom,
sago, sageco
"wish, deziri, voli
wit, sprito
without, sen
witness, vidi, atesti
womb,
yacht, yatito
yard, korto, jardo
yawn,
oscedi
jaro
yearly, Ciujara
yell, kriegi
yellow, flava
yes, jes
yesterday, hieraii
yet, tamen, ankoraii
year,
virino
woman,
utero
wonder,
woo,
miri
amindumi
v^ool, lano
"word, vorto
work, labori,verko
world, monda
v^orm,
vermo
'worship, adori
Tvorth, valoro, indo
"wound, vundi
kovri, volvi
"wrap,
wreath,
girlando
wreck, gippereo
mizera
wretched,
wrinkle, sulko
write, skribi,verki
yew,
taksuso
yield, cedi, kapitulaci,
produkti
yoke, jugo
you,
young,
your,
vi
juna, ido
yours,
via
youth, junulo, juneco
youthful, juna
Yule, kristnasko
130-316** Mng-lishEsperanto Vocabulary
zeal, fervoro
zebra, zebro
zigzag, zigzago
zinc, zinko
zoology, zoologio
zenith, zenito
zero,
nulo
**Total
number
zouave,
of pagei,
316.
vS^
zuavo