Transcript Слайд 1 - MSU Faculty of Geography

Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian-Mongolian biological expedition RAS-MAS
Institute of Geography, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Baikal Institute of nature management
Stockholm University
Water and sediment fluxes in transboundary
Selenga river basin
Sergey Chalov
Ekaterina Belozerova
Ivan Nikolaev
Transboundary rivers of Russia
Foreign parts of
Russian
transboundary
rivers
Selenga-Baikal
drainage area
case study
Research scope
1. Data base on contemporary hydrological and environmental
status of Selenga basin rivers and its links to Baikal lake status
WHY?
2.WHAT?
Hot spots assessment
3. Assessment of water, tracer and pollution spreading along
HOW?
transboundary Selenga river
4. Status and modeling of watershed reaction on human impact
River network
Delta
Lake Baikal
Field campaigns 2011-2012
2011 field campaign (July-August)
2012 field campaign (June)
Flow measurements
Suspended and bed load
measurements
Geochemical studies
Vertical compose suspended
sediments determination
River valley tacheometrical survey
Principal approach to field campaigns
Suspended
load
Water fluxes
Bed load
Bed deposits
Hydrological conditions
over Mongolia
Surface water
resources, km3
Precipitation
total km3
Surface water
Kharaa basin
runoff
(km3) and
SS in kt/a and annual mean discharge Q in m3/s
annual SSC (mg/l)
SS
Q
25
50
20
40
15
30
10
20
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
0
1993
0
1992
5
1991
10
1990
SS in kt/a
60
30
Q in m3/s
70
Batsukh et.al, 2008
Hydrological conditions
over Russia
(by Potemkina, 2011)
Q
1
3
2
Q – water discharge
1 – average for 5 years
R
R – suspended sediment load
2 – average for 5 years
3 – linear trends
Hydrological conditions
2012
2011
Human impacts: pollution and water
consumption
Sectors that use water and associated total water use (million m3)
1. Drinking water supply
71.35
2. Agricultural water
Livestock
71.00
Crop irrigation
52.28
3. Exploitation industry
Extractive mining industry
35.8
Industrial water supply, Energy production, 93.8
Energy production, Power plants
27.6
Hydro Power Plant
80.0
3. Tourism water supply (excl. spa resorts) 1.68
4. Green area
0.27
Total:
433.78
Batsukh et. al, 2008
Climate-induced drivers of water and pollutants dynamics
Precipitation, mm
river (June 2012)
discharge, m3/s
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
1-Jan
20-Feb 11-Apr 31-May 20-Jul
8-Sep
28-Oct 17-Dec
Orkhon river (July 2011)
Orkhon June 2012
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) assessment (2011)
km
Suspended sediment grain size
Organic matter content
< 0,01
Settling suspended sediments
Settling rate
С, g/(m²hour)
Suspended
sediment
load R, kg/s
Vertical sediment
flux Rz, kg/s
Rz/R, %
Human impact
Site
Description
SSC,
g/m3
T1
Tuul river 20 km upstream from
Ulaanbaatar
1.68
6.38
0.050
0.00003
0.06
low
T2
Tuul river 1 km upstream from
Ulaanbaatar
8.36
87.5
0.22
0.00028
0.13
average
T5
Tuul river upstream from Zaamar
107
2048
3.56
0.027
0.75
average
289
1364
8.22
0.017
0.21
high
1699
2675
204
0.102
0.05
average
T6
O2
Tuul river downstream from
Zaamar
Orkhon river upstream from the
confluence with Tamir river
S1
Selenga river near Hutyk village
114
465
20.0
0.026
0.13
low
HR2
Khaara river 2 km upstream from the
road “Darkhan-Ulaanbaatar”
6.37
12.60
0.044
0.00005
0.10
average
Contribution of storm events
1 – water levels
2 - suspended sediment load
3 – grain size
Storm events signatures
in sediment transport
As
As, g/m³
50.000
45.000
40.000
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
mg-kg
mg-l
Ag
Ag, g/m³
0.090
0.080
0.070
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.000
mg-kg
mg-l
Sediment budget calculations for Selenga river basin
Grain size
Tuul river
Orkon
river,
middle
7,3
(3,2 %)
237,8
(9,7 %)
210,3
(92,9 %)
1869,6
(76 %)
1048
(76,7 %)
720,9
(62,7 %)
Clay
<
0,001 мм)
8,8
(3,88 %)
352,2
(14,3 %)
51,7
(3,79 %)
125,8
(10,95 %)
Total t/day
(100%)
226,4
2460
1365
1149
Sandy
(>0,05 мм)
Silt 0,001 –
0,05 мм
Orkon
river, low
265
(19,5 %)
Selenga
302,3
(26,3 %)
Calculation of sediment load
for various grain size classes
17.08.2011
Sediment delivery into
Baikal lake:
Remote sensing
application
16.10.2011
ntribution of channel erosion
Contribution of channel erosion: Tuul river
1894444 t/year is up
to 90% of total
sediment yield
1
2
3
4
5
1 – channel in 1970; 2 – channel in 2006; 3 – channel deformations;
Flood at
kharkhorin
Zaamar gold
mining
Ulaanbaator
Sediment transport modelling
моделирование
1D и 2D
modelling at the
case study
reaches (HEC –
RAS, MIKE 2D)
Decision-support system (0D-modelling)
Thank you for your attention