Transcript Wilsonian Progressivism - Thomasville High School

Wilsonian Progressivism
Chapter 29
Essential Questions
• What actions did President Wilson
pursue to expand the progressive
movement?
• How did the Wilson administration
handle foreign affairs?
1912 Election
• Republicans nominate President Taft
• T. Roosevelt shunned by Republican Party
starts his own party, Bull Moose Party
– Platform: women’s suffrage, minimum wage laws,
social security
• Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson
– Platform: New Freedom (antitrust legislation,
bank reform, tariff reduction)
1912 Election
• Taft and Roosevelt divide Republican voters
– Wilson = 435 EC votes
– Roosevelt = 88 EC votes
– Taft = 8 EC votes
– Eugene Debs (Socialist party) = 0 EC votes
• Wilson only won 41% of popular vote
• Taft will become Chief justice of Supreme Court in
1921
1912 Election
President Woodrow Wilson Timeline
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1913
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Underwood Tariff Act
16th Amendment
Federal Reserve Act
17th Amendment
1914
•
– Clayton Anti-Trust Act
– WWI Begins
– US occupation of Veracruz
•
1915
1916
– Pancho Villa Raids
– Wilson Reelected
US buys Virgin Islands
Zimmerman Note
Bolshevik Revolution
US enters WWI
1918
– 14 Points proposed
– Sedition Act
– Armistice
•
– Sinking of Lusitania
– US enters Haiti
•
1917
1919
– Treaty of Versailles
– 18th Amendment
– Wilson collapse
•
1920
– Senate defeats Versailles
– 19th Amendment
– Harding elected president
Woodrow Wilson
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Born in Virginia
Inspired by Jefferson
College professor
Governor of New Jersey
Saw the world as right
and wrong, no inbetween
New Freedom
• Wilson was very
progressive.
• Adopted views
previously held by
Populist and Bull Moose
Parties.
• Lived up to his promises
domestically.
• Failures
– Segregation: Wilson did
nothing to ease the
suffering of African
Americans
– Child Labor: supported
law that would have
ended child labor, but
Supreme Court ruled it
unconstitutional.
Taxs, Tariffs, and Trusts, Oh MY!
• Congress passes
Underwood Tariff Bill
(lowers tariff)
• 16th Amendment: taxed
the income of people
earning most in US
• Federal Trade
Commission: Created to
sniff out trusts and
unfair business
• Clayton Antitrust Act:
much more powerful
than Sherman.
– easier to enforce
– Exempted labor unions
– Exempted agricultural
organizations
– Outlawed interlocking
directorates
Federal Reserve Act
• Problems
– No flexibility of $
– $ all concentrated in
northeast
– Difficult to transfer$
– Constant cycles of deep
recessions
• Federal Reserve
– 3rd BUS
– Controlled by
government
– Issued paper $
– Allowed $ to circulate
freely
– 12 regional banks
established
Federal Reserve System
Where Did Your Money Originate?
Missionary Diplomacy
• Wilson’s foreign
policy
• Refused to
recognize or support
governments that
he felt were corrupt
(based on morals)
• Jones Act: Promised the
Philippines independence
in the future.
• Eased tensions with Japan
after California passed
law that didn’t allow
Japanese-Americans to
own land
Missionary Diplomacy (in LA)
• Used the Roosevelt
Corollary when he
dispatches troops to
Haiti and Dominican
Republic for failure to
pay debts (there for 19
years!)
• Purchased the Virgin
Islands from Denmark
South of the Border
• In the 1910s, Mexico experienced a number a
government coups
• Conflict mostly resulted between rich and
poor
• Many US businesses exploited Mexican
resources
• This series of Mexican Revolutions threatened
American investors.
South of the Border
• 1914: US sailors
wrongfully arrested,
then released in Mexico
– In retaliation, US seized
Veracruz
– US later leaves city.
– Poor relations with
Mexico continue
South of the Border
• Pancho Villa was a
Mexican
bandit/hero/terrorist/
opposition leader.
• Resented US treatment
of Mexico
– Murdered 16 American
workers in Mexico
– Invades(!) US, leads raids
in New Mexico that lead
to 19 deaths
South of the Border
• Congress authorizes use
of force in Mexico, but
does not declare war
• Wilson sends General
John “Black Jack”
Pershing and a
regiment of soldiers
into Mexico to hunt
Pancho
• Search for
months, never
capture Pancho
• Recalled when
US enters WWI
South of the
Border
Never captured by
the US, Pancho
Villa was
assassinated by an
anonymous
gunman in 1923.
Many Mexicans
still consider him a
hero.
World War I
• 1914: WWI begins
– Most Americans wish to
remain neutral
• Both sides (Central
Powers and Allies) woo
US support.
• Kaiser Wilhelm II: leader
of Germany during WWI
• Many German-Americans
felt sympathy toward
Central Powers
• Many do become
offended when Germany
invades neutral Belgium
• More anti-German
sentiment after a
briefcase full of espionage
material found in NY
subway.
Allies v. Central Powers
Wartime Economy
• US businesses made $ by selling to both sides
early in war
• British blockade eventually prevented Central
Powers from receiving shipments from US.
• Germany developed submarines (U-boats) to
sneak through blockade
• Subs attacked Allied ships, but could not
always determine who was neutral (like the
US)
Tragedy at Sea
• 1915: The Lusitania is sunk by U-boats, 128
dead Americans.
• German’s apologize, US accepts
• Another ship containing Americans is sunk,
Germany apologizes, US accepts
• This pattern is repeated several times, each
time anti-German feelings grow in US
Lusitania
1916 Election
• Democrats nominate Wilson
– Slogan “He kept us out of war”
• Republicans nominate Charles Evans Hughes
– Platform: higher tariff, attack Mexico and be tough
on Germany
• Wilson wins a close reelection, 277 to 254
(electoral votes)
Stay Tuned!
• Will Wilson keep us out of war indefinitely?
• Will evidence of German espionage, U-boat
activity, trouble with Mexico, and revolution in
Russia draw the US from our neutral position
in WWI?
• What will the legacy of President Wilson be;
progressive reformer or commander in chief?