Transcript Day 111: Empire and Expansion

Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
February 22, 2013
A/A.P. U.S. History
Mr. Green
On page 670, analyze the political cartoon by
answering the following
1. Who is the waiter and the patron?
2. What is the patron doing?
3. Explain the artist’s position and discuss the
issue that is addressed by this cartoon.
Objectives: Students will:
Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and
turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century.
Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the
causes of the Spanish-American War.
Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War,
especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing
arguments in the debate about imperialism.
AP Focus
Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at
how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had
used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century.
Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion.
Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the
United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat
Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the SpanishAmerican War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who
are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the
Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific,
the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably
the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.
CHAPTER THEMES
In the 1890s, a number of economic and
political forces sparked a spectacular burst of
imperialistic expansionism for the United States
that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a
war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with
the highly controversial acquisition of the
Philippines and other territories.
In the wake of the Spanish-American War,
President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and
sometimes controversial new policy of asserting
America’s influence abroad, particularly in East
Asia and Latin America.
1st 20 identifications due on Monday-your quiz
score is contingent on you completing the 1st
20 id’s.
Should the United States annex the Philippines?
Read McKinley’s position and decide if he is
using sound reasoning.
Philippines excluded from peace negotiations with
Spain
U.S. made it clear they were staying in the
Philippines
February 4, 1899-Philippine insurrection led by
Emilio Aguinaldo
U.S. ended insurrection in 1901
4,234 Americans died
600,000 Filipinos
William Howard Taft became civil governor in 1901
U.S. spent millions on roads, sanitation, public
health
Freedom on July 4, 1946
China vulnerable after its defeat to Japan in
1894-95
Russia and Germany established spheres of
influence
Open Door Note-John Hay
Boxer Rebellion-Chinese nationalists killed 200
foreigners and 1,000s of Chinese Christians
18,000 multi-national troops sent
Republicans nominated William McKinley in
1900 and Teddy Roosevelt as V.P.
Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan
platform: Republican overseas imperialism
7,218,491 to 6,356,734-popular vote
292 to 155-electoral vote
McKinley assassinated in September 1901 by
an anarchist in Buffalo, NY
TR became youngest President at 42
Americans learned the need for the canal when the Oregon
took weeks to sail around S. America
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-U.S. could not secure exclusive
control over and isthmian route
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901-U.S. free hand to build and
fortify
Where to build??
Panama, a part of Colombia
Colombia rejected U.S. offer
Philippe Bunau-Varilla incited a rebellion on November 3,
1903
U.S. navy stopped Colombia for putting the rebellion down
Varilla became Panamanian minister and signed the HayBunau-Varilla Treaty
Started in 1904, ended in 1914
“preventive intervention” or Roosevelt Corollary
U.S. concerned Europe would come to Latin
America to collect bills
U.S. would intervene in future financial
situations in Latin America to keep Europe out
Initiated the “bad neighbor” policy
Used to justify interventions
Russia wanted port access in Manchuria at Port
Arthur in 1904
Japanese surprised Russia at Port Arthur in 1904
and then a series of defeats
1st time a non-European force beat a European
force since the 16th century
Japan came to TR to ask him to broker peace, as
the Japanese were running out of men and
money
Neither side happy, Japan did get Korea
TR won 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
Hurt relations with both countries
Japanese people left as conditions caused tax
increases and war
1906 San Francisco school board segregated
Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students
TR was not happy and invited the school board to
the Whitehouse
Gentlemen’s Agreement was the outcome
Tokyo agreed to withhold passports to laborers to
the U.S.
TR sent the navy on a tour as a sign of strength
Root-Takahira agreement-both U.S. and Japan
would respect each other’s possessions in the
Pacific
Begin Reading 1st ½ of Chapter 28 page 702714
Prepare for Debate on Monday