Transcript Transportation Security - George Mason University

Transportation
Security
SYST 461/660, OR750 SPRING 2013
Irvin Varkonyi
Adj Professor
GMU School of Public Policy
Transportation Security
The Who, What, When,
Where, Why and How
Exaggerated? Or real?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXzYTDR1
UZU
Transportation Security
O Your Bob Crandall video about American
Airlines – Security concerns?
O Are there differences between security and
safety?
O Are there connections between security in
the aviation industry and other
transportation modes?
Transportation Security
O Aviation security violations
O 9/11
O The Shoe bomber – Richard Reid
O The Underwear bomber - Umar Farouk
Abdulmutallab
O Yemeni bomber
Transportation Security
O Privacy and Airport Screening
O http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rouOrvftI
4c
O The tip of the iceberg?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrRC31p
nOf4
Transportation Security
Who?
O Good guys
O Bad guys
O Passers-by
Transportation Security
What?
O Protection of people, assets
O Our economy and our lifestyle
O Risk Management
Transportation Security
When?
O 1960’s/1970’s Hijackings/terrorism
O 1990’s aviation terrorism outside US, such
as Pan Am Lockerbie
O 2000’s/aviation terrorism inside US
Transportation Security
Where?
O Cuba
O Europe
O US – DB Cooper - refers to an unidentified man who
hijacked a Boeing 727 aircraft in the airspace
between Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington,
on November 24, 1971. He extorted $200,000 in
ransom and parachuted to an uncertain fate. Despite
an extensive manhunt and an ongoing FBI
investigation, the perpetrator has never been located
or positively identified. The case remains the only
unsolved air piracy in American aviation history.
Transportation Security
Why?
O Money?
O Cold War?
O Middle East conflict?
O Mental breakdowns?
Transportation Security
How?
1.
2.
3.
Transportation Security – Edwards/Goodrich
Aviation Security – After Four Decades, It’s Time for
Fundamental Review – Jenkins
TSA Transportation Systems Specific Plan
Edwards/Goodrich
O Transportation is the lifeline of any nation,
connecting people, goods and services,
supporting the economy and facilitating the
delivery of public safety response services.
O Part of the critical infrastructure
O Surface transportation is an open system,
inherently vulnerable to attack
O Ease of use for commuters
O Length of systems precludes physical security
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Security = the effort to protect assets—physical,
human, or intellectual—from criminal interference,
removal or destruction, whether by terrorists or
domestic criminals, or incidental to technological
failures or even natural hazards events.
O Security = deter, detect, deny and mitigate. These
objectives may be accomplished by direct
intervention by human or canine assets, or through
physical barriers and the application of technology.
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Safety, security, emergency management often
used interchangeably, but are different.
O Security is oldest = protect something valuable
from deliberate interference.
O Security requires a physical response to an
external conscious threat, normally meaning
that this is a human versus human issue.
O Goods being transported, equipment and
system transporting them= different priorities.
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Open system, passengers
prefer passive system but
system has to discourage
attacks
O Transportation Research
Board = Elements of
security system
O Deter
O Detect
O Deny
O Mitigate
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Risk assessment= the systematic analysis of the potential sources
of damage or disruption to a valuable asset, with the goal of
instituting mitigation or protective measures that would prevent or
lessen the impact of such an event.
O Risk assessment for transportation infrastructure has four
segments
O understanding what natural and technological hazards and
human caused threats exist in the target community
O determination of the likelihood of a hazard or threat event
occurring
O defining the elements of a system that are vulnerable to the
hazards or threat
O evaluating the consequence of such an occurrence.
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Point of vulnerability for a given
transportation asset determines which
security strategy is the best investment
O Evaluate for the vulnerability, e.g. bridge piers
O Concentrate surveillance and mitigation at
point of vulnerability
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Edwards/Goodrich
O What would happen if that transportation
asset were attacked?
O Destruction, denial of service?
O Are there alternate methods of continuing
service?
O Impact on human safety? Impact on
economy?
O Indirect impacts from passing through
contaminated areas?
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Edwards/Goodrich
O Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources
O Identification, Prioritization, and Protection
O HSPD-7: “The Nation possesses numerous key
resources, whose exploitation or destruction by
terrorists could cause catastrophic health effects or
mass casualties comparable to those from the use of
a weapon of mass destruction, or could profoundly
affect our national prestige and morale. In addition,
there is critical infrastructure so vital that its
incapacitation, exploitation, or destruction, through
terrorist attack, could have a debilitating effect on
security and economic well-being.”
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Jenkins/Rand
O From 9/12/01 through end of 2011, there
were 75 terrorist attacks on airliners with
157 deaths
O In same period, 2000 terrorist attacks on
trains with 4000 fatalities
Jenkins/Rand
O US population – a cantankerous bunch
O Hostility of Congress – hostility between
Executive/Legislative – hostility between
Democrats and Republicans
O Hawley – Permanent Emergency
O Develop flexibility
O Less focus on objects, more focus on
passengers
O Use of Pre-check
Jenkins/Rand
O Consider real changes:
O Outside organizations to design optimal
aviation security (i.e. take security outside of
terminal?)
O Trusted travelers/trusted cargo shippers
TSA Transportation Systems
Specific Plan
O http://www.tsa.gov/stakeholders/intermoda
l-transportation-systems
O Fulfill requirements of HSPD – 7 (see earlier
reference by Edwards/Goodrich)
O National Infrastructure Protection Plan
O TSA and US Coast Guard are Sector-Specific
Agencies for Transportation Systems Sector
TSA Transportation Systems
Specific Plan
O Expansive, open and accessible set of
interconnected systems of airways, roads,
tracks, terminals, and conveyances that
provide services essential to our way of life
O The Sector Partnership Model
O Transportation Systems Sector Risk
Management Framework
TSA Transportation Systems
Specific Plan
O Four goals
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prevent and deter acts of terrorism
All-hazard preparedness and resilience
Effective use of resources
Improve sector situational awareness
Risk = f(probability, consequence) (natural disaster
Risk = f(threat, vulnerability, consequence)
(terrorism)
TSA Transportation Systems
Specific Plan
O Mission, Asset and System Specific Risk
Assessments – a scenario specific approach
O Modal Assessments – high risk focus with a
mode of transportation
O Sector Assessment and Comparative
Analysis – cross modal comparative
analyses focusing on two or more modes
O Risk prioritization, measuring effectiveness,
research and development
TSA Transportation Systems
Specific Plan
O Capability Gap Process – a tool used to
develop detailed risk-based needs that focus
on delivering the necessary capabilities to
mitigate top risks.
Transportation Security
Transportation Security
O Summary
O History
O Participants
O Intermodal approach
O A political process
O Risk Assessment approach
Transportation Security
Irvin Varkonyi
703 863-9686
[email protected]