Transcript Test Taking Strategies - American University of Nigeria

Test Taking Strategies
Adapted from AUN TEST CLINIC
by Dr. D
Fidelis Ndeh-Che, PhD
The Exam
The Results
Disconsolate Supporters
Your Exam
Your Results
Your disconsolate Supporters
So, what is the Problem?
Learning as an Investment
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Connect the Dots
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What should you be doing?
What shouldn’t you be doing?
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Going
Backwards
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What were you doing ?
What weren’t you doing?
Going
Backwards
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Does it matter where I end Up?
Just ask Matthew
How did you get here?
Lack of
Commitment
Poor
Planning
Poor Study
Habits
Poor
Foundation
“…We cannot solve
our problems with the
same thinking we
used when we
created them…”
Poor Academic
Performance
~ Albert Einstein
Psychological
Issues
Health
Issues
Poor
Orientation
Poor
Advice
Meet William
Know yourself … what kind of learner?
Please Take Notes
Please Take Notes
• If the instructor writes something on the
chalkboard/overhead or repeats an idea then it is
usually a key point and you should write it
down.
• Try to use a three-ring binder, it allows for more
flexibility in rearranging your notes and any
handouts that you may receive.
• Try to sit towards the front and center of the
class where you'll be less distracted and can hear
the professor the best and have a good angle on
any visual aids that may be shown.
Please Take Notes
• Don't rely on someone else's notes, you may not
understand everything that they write down and
you'll learn the best by taking your own notes.
• If your instructor talks fast, it may help to bring an
audio recorder and record the lecture while taking
notes. After the lecture is over you can replay the
lecture and fill in any parts that you missed in your
notes.
• Do reading assignments or homework questions
before class, it is easier to take notes when you know
what the instructor is talking about.
Please Take Notes
• Date your notes. Add titles and subtitles when
you move onto a new topic for easy
referencing.
• Write down any terminology along with the
definition that the instructor may present.
• Make sure that you write legibly, if you can't
read them later, they'll be useless. If you have
sloppy handwriting it may be wise to type
your notes so that they are easier to read.
Please Take Notes
• If you missed what the instructor said, ask
them to repeat it or go to the instructor after
class and ask for clarification. If you are in a
rush, ask the instructor at the beginning of the
next class or try to find the answer from a
friend or the text.
• Compare notes with a classmate to make
sure you didn't miss any important points.
How To Study
How To Study
Everyone is different. Different methods work for
different people; the following are only suggestions on
improving upon your current studying techniques.
• It is best to review the material right after class when it's
still fresh in your memory.
• Don't try to do all your studying the night before the test.
Instead space out your studying, review class materials at
least several times a week, focusing on one topic at a time.
• Have all of your study material in front of you: lecture
notes, course textbooks, study guides and any other
relevant material.
How To Study
• Find a comfortable and quiet place to study with good
lighting and little distractions (try avoiding your own
bed; it is very tempting to just lie down and take a
nap).
• Start out by studying the most important information.
• Learn the general concepts first, don't worry about
learning the details until you have learned the main
ideas.
• Take notes and write down a summary of the
important ideas as you read through your study
material.
How To Study
• Take short breaks frequently. Your memory retains the
information that you study at the beginning and the end
better than what you study in the middle.
• Space out your studying, you'll learn more by studying a
little every day instead of waiting to cram at the last
minute. By studying every day, the material will stay in
your long-term memory but if you try to study at the last
moment, the material will only reside in your short-term
memory that you'll easily forget.
• Make sure that you understand the material well, don't just
read through the material and try to memorize
everything.
How To Study
• If you choose to study in a group, only study with
others who are serious about the test.
• Test yourself or have someone test you on the
material to find out what your weak and strong
areas are. You can use the review questions at
the end of each chapter, practice tests that the
teacher may give out or other pertinent
materials.
• Listening to relaxing music such as classical or jazz
on a low volume can relieve some of the
boredom of studying.
How To Study
• Don't study later than the time you usually
go to sleep, you may fall asleep or be
tempted to go to sleep, instead try studying
in the afternoon or early evening. If you are a
morning person try studying in the morning.
Cramming for an Exam?
Cramming for the Exam
• Cramming for exams should be avoided at all
costs. You should only cram for an exam as a
last resort.
• It's hard to take in and retain a large amount
of information in a short period of time.
Some of the tips on studying and preparing for
a test may overlap with the following
cramming techniques.
Cramming for the Exam
• Eat some food to give you energy to study but avoid
consuming excess sugar which will make you hyper
and will make it more difficult to study.
• An apple does a better job at keeping you focused
and awake than caffeine.
• Find a well lit place with no distractions around to
study but don't get too comfortable or you may fall
asleep.
• Keep a positive attitude, it is easier to study when you
are relaxed than when you are stressed out.
Cramming for the Exam
• Since your time is limited, you have to choose
what you study. Don't attempt to learn
everything, focus on things that will get you the
most points on the exam.
• Focus on the main ideas and learn key formulas.
Skip the details for now and only come back to
them if you see that you have time after you have
learned the key points.
• Write down the key ideas/formulas on a sheet
of paper and keep on studying from that sheet,
repetition is important.
Cramming for the Exam
• Highlight the important points in your notes, and text and focus on that.
• Read the chapter summaries (they usually do a good job at summarizing
the important points). If there're no chapter summaries then skim
through the text and write down key
ideas OR study from past tests, review questions, homework & review
sheets.
• Take at least one five minute break an hour so that you can gather your
thoughts and let your brain relax.
• If time permits, try to get at least 3 hours of sleep (one sleep cycle) before
the exam so that you don't fall asleep….don’t forget to set your alarm!
Preparing for the Test
Preparing for the Test
• Preparation for a test should begin on the first day of
class; this includes paying attention, taking good
notes, studying, completing homework assignments
and reviewing study materials on a regular basis.
• Budget your time, make sure you have sufficient time
to study so that you are well prepared for the test.
• Go to review sessions, pay attention to hints that the
instructor may give about the test.
• Take notes and ask questions about items you may be
confused about.
Preparing for the Test
• Ask the instructor to specify the areas that will
be emphasized on the test.
• Make sure you go to the class right before the
test; it's another prime time for the instructor to
give out more hints or the format of the test.
• Go over any material from practice tests, HW's,
sample problems, review material, the textbook,
class notes...
Preparing for the Test
• Put the main ideas/information/formulas onto a
sheet that can be quickly reviewed many times, this
makes it easier to retain the key concepts that will be
on the test.
• Try to show up at least 5 minutes before the test will
start.
• Set your alarm and have a backup alarm set as well.
• Go to the bathroom before walking into the exam
room. You don't want to waste anytime worrying
about your bodily needs during the test.
Tips for Taking Exams
Tips for Taking Exams
• Bring at least two writing utensils, a calculator
(if needed) with enough batteries, and any other
resources that your instructor allows you to
bring. Bring a watch to the test so that you can
better pace yourself.
• Keep a positive attitude throughout the whole
test and try to stay relaxed. If you start to feel
nervous take a few deep breaths to relax.
• Keep your eyes on your own paper, you don't
want to appear to be cheating and cause
unnecessary trouble for yourself.
Tips for Taking Exams
• When you first receive your test, do a quick
survey of the entire test so that you know how
to efficiently budget your time.
• Do the easiest problems first. Don't stay on a
problem that you are stuck on, especially when
time is a factor.
• Do the problems that have the greatest point
values first.
• Pace yourself, don't rush. Read the entire
question and pay attention to the details.
Tips for Taking Exams
• Ask the instructor for clarification if you don't
understand what they are asking for on the test.
• Write legibly. If the grader can't read what you wrote,
they'll most likely mark it wrong.
• Always read the whole question carefully. Don't make
assumptions about what the question might be.
• If you don't know an answer, skip it. Go on with the
rest of the test and come back to it later. Other parts of
the test may have some information that will help you
out with that question.
Tips for Taking Exams
• Don't worry if others finish before you. Focus on the
test in front of you.
• If you have time left when you are finished, look over
your test. Make sure that you have answered all the
questions. Only change an answer if you misread or
misinterpreted the question because the first answer
that you put is usually the correct one. Watch out for
careless mistakes and proofread your essay and/or
short answer questions.
• Double check to make sure that you put your first and
last name on the test.
Tips for Multiple Choice Tests
• Read the question before you look at the
answer.
• Come up with the answer in your head
before looking at the possible answers, this
way the choices given on the test won't
throw you off or trick you.
• Eliminate answers you know aren't right.
• Read all the choices before choosing your
answer.
Tips for Multiple Choice Tests
• If there is no guessing penalty, always take an educated
guess and select an answer.
• Don't keep on changing your answer, usually your first
choice is the right one, unless you misread the
question.
• In "All of the above" and "None of the above"
choices, if you are certain one of the statements is true
don't choose "None of the above" or one of the
statements are false don't choose "All of the above".
• In a question with an "All of the above" choice, if you
see that at least two correct statements, then "All of
the above" is probably the answer.
Tips for Multiple Choice Tests
• If you eliminate two wrong answers, you
increase the probability that you choose the
correct response.
• A positive choice is more likely to be true
than a negative one.
• Usually the correct answer is the choice with
the most information.
Tackling the Essay Exam
• Read the directions carefully. Pay close attention to
whether you are supposed to answer all the essays or
only a specified amount (e.g. "Answer 2 out of the 3
questions).
• Make sure that you understand what the question is
asking you. If you're not, ask your instructor.
• Make sure that you write down everything that is
asked of you and more. The more details and facts
that you write down, the higher your grade is going to
be.
Tackling the Essay Exam
• Budget your time, don't spend the entire test time on
one essay.
• If the question is asking for facts, don't give your
personal opinion on the topic.
• When writing your essay, try to be as neat as
possible, neater papers usually receive higher marks.
• Make an outline before writing your essay. This way
your essay will be more organized and fluid. If you
happen to run out of time, most instructors will give
you partial credit for the ideas that you have outlined.
Tackling the Essay Exam
• Don't write long introductions and conclusions,
the bulk of your time should be spent on
answering the question(s) asked.
• Focus on one main idea per a paragraph.
• If you have time left at the end, proofread your
work and correct any errors.
• Budget your time. If you have an hour to write 3
essays, spend no more than 20 minutes on each
essay, then if you have time left over at the end
go back and finish any incomplete essays.
Tackling the Essay Exam
• Read the question first, then read the passage.
This will help you to identify how to answer the
question and help you to move through the test
faster.
• If you aren't sure about an exact date or number,
use approximations e.g. "Approximately 5000" or
"In the late 17th century."
• If you make a mistake, simply draw a line through
it, it is much neater and quicker than erasing it.
Is It True or False?
Is It True or False?
• Usually there are more true answers than false
on most tests.
• If there is no guessing penalty, then guess. You
have a 50% chance of getting the right answer.
• Read through each statement carefully, and pay
attention to the qualifiers and keywords.
• Qualifiers like "never, always, and every” mean
that the statement must be true all of the time.
Usually these type of qualifiers lead to a false
answer.
Is It True or False?
• Qualifiers like "usually, sometimes, and
generally" mean that if the statement can be
considered true or false depending on the
circumstances. Usually these type of qualifiers
lead to an answer of true.
• If any part of the question is false, then the
entire statement is false but just because part of
a statement is true doesn't necessarily make the
entire statement true.
The Math Problem
• Repetition is important in math. You learn how
to solve problems by doing them so keep on
practice problems but don't do it blindly. Make
sure you learn how to recognize when/why you
should use a specific method to solve a problem.
• Work on practice problems for each topic ranging
in levels of difficulty.
• When practicing, try to solve the problem on
your own first then look at the answer or seek
help if you are having trouble.
The Math Problem
The Math Problem
• When studying, mix up the order of the questions
from various topics you are reviewing so you'll
learn when to use a specific method/formula.
• Make up a sheet with all the formulas you need
to know and memorize all the formulas on the
sheet.
• When you get your exam, write down all the key
formulas on the margin of your paper so if you
forget them when you're in the middle of the
test you can look back at the formula.
The Math Problem
• Read the directions carefully and don't forget to
answer all parts of the question. Make estimates for
your answers... e.g. if you are asked to answer 48 x 12
= ?, you could expect a number around 500 but if you
end up with an answer around 5000, you'll know you
did something wrong.
• Show all your work (especially when partial credit is
awarded) and write as legibly as possible.
• Even if you know the final answer is wrong, don't
erase your entire work because you may get partial
credit for using the correct procedure.
The Math Problem
• Check over your test after you are done with it.
If you have time, redo the problems on a
separate piece of paper and see if you come up
with the same answers the second time around.
• Look for careless mistakes such as making sure
the decimal is in the right place, that you read
the directions correctly, that you copied the
numbers correctly, that you put a negative sign if
it is needed, that your arithmetic is correct.
Test Anxiety
Test Anxiety
• Test anxiety is when a student excessively
worries about doing well on a test. This can
become a major hindrance on test
performance and cause extreme nervousness
and memory lapses among other symptoms.
In an effort to decrease anxiety, the following
recommendations are made.
Test Anxiety
• Being well prepared for the test is the best
way to reduce test taking anxiety.
• Space out your studying over a few days or
weeks and continually review class material.
• Don't try to learn everything the night before.
• Try to maintain a positive attitude while
preparing for the test and during the test.
• Exercising for a few days before the test will
help reduce stress.
Test Anxiety
• Get a good night's sleep before the test.
• Show up to class early so you won't have to
worry about being late.
• Chew gum (if allowed) during the test to help
relieve test anxiety.
• Stay relaxed, if you begin to get nervous take a
few deep breaths slowly to relax yourself and
then get back to work.
Test Anxiety
• Read the directions slowly and carefully.
• If you don't understand the directions on the
test, ask the teacher to explain it to you.
• Skim through the test so that you have a good
idea how to pace yourself.
• Write down important formulas, facts,
definitions and/or keywords in the margin first
so you won't worry about forgetting them.
Test Anxiety
• Do the simple questions first to help build up
your confidence for the harder questions.
• Don't worry about how fast other people finish
their test; just concentrate on your own test.
• If you don't know an answer to a question skip it
for the time being (come back to it later if you
have time), and remember that you don't have to
always get every question right to do well on the
test.
• Focus on the question at hand. Don't let your
mind wander on other things.
Last Words
• If any time remains, spend it on those
questions about which you know nothing or
almost nothing.
• As you go back through, do not change all
answers.
• Remember: Your first guess is usually
right.
Last Words
• Make sure you know the schedule for all of
your exams.
• Post all of your exam dates and times where
you can reference them.
• If you have any concerns about your exams,
grades, etc., contact the professor to review
your current status.
Do Your Best on the Test