Transcript Document

Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancr eas
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Tr ansverse colon
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Jejunum
Descending colon
Ileum
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
What to think about…..
• What is the digestive system?
• Why do we need it (what’s its
function)?
• How does it work?
• What are the different parts and
their functions?
Of all the things we do, what requires
energy?
• In order to obtain energy we
need
How do we get
this fuel?
What does food provide besides just
energy?
RAW MATERIALSwe need to grow, repair
tissues, and make new
body cells.
• But before our bodies can use food it
must be
Why Digestion?
• Because food must be broken
into smaller pieces that can fit
inside a cell.
The small pieces of food that contains
the chemicals the body need to stay
healthy are called
The main nutrients that we
need from food include:
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
Where is most protein found?
• Proteins are the main structure of
cells and tissues. It is usually used for
repair and replacement of body cells.
Where are most carbohydrates found?
Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits, etc.
• Carbohydrates are the body’s main
source of energy.
2 kinds of Carbs
• Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your
basic sugars that your body can turn into
energy very quickly.
• Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs are
foods made from whole grains. They
Requires the body break them down first.
Because this process takes time, it is better
to eat complex carbs as you will feel full
longer.
Where are most fats found?
Dairy, oil, butter, meats,
and especially fast foods.
Fat is a way that the human
body stores energy. Too much
can be unhealthy though.
2 kinds of Fat
• The fat the is liquid at room
temperature and is found in
vegetable oils and seeds are
Fats that are solid at room temperature
and are considered not good for you are
called
Research Shows
• YIKES!..... Those diets rich in saturated fat can
lead to an increase in heart disease. Scientists
think that saturated fats promote the build-up
of material called plaque.
The nutrient needed in small quantities in
order to regulate body functions and
prevent disease are called
• Another substance needed by the body
helps chemical reactions, builds cells,
sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen
are
Parts of the Digestive System
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
Together this makes a tube called
the
About how long is the
digestive tract?
• Other organs attached to the
digestive tract include the
This is the opening to the digestive
system.
• What are 2 of the parts of the mouth that
aid in digestion?
2 kinds of Digestion
• The physical breakdown of food
into smaller parts by cutting
and tearing it.
What part of the mouth does this?
Another kind of digestion where the
molecules of food are broken down into
smaller molecules is called
• In your mouth this is done by a
liquid called
When food is swallowed, where does
it go next?
• What is the esophagus?
Esophagus
A tube that
connects the
mouth and the
stomach.
Stomach
Liver
Pancr eas
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Tr ansverse colon
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Jejunum
Descending colon
Ileum
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
How does food make its way
through the digestive tract?
• What is peristalsis?
Waves of muscular
contractions that move food
through the digestive system.
Through_the_Esophagus__The_Function_of _Peristalsis. asf
1. What are the chemicals your
body needs to be healthy?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
peristalsis
nutrients
organs
saliva
2. Which of the following is a liquid
at room temperature?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Proteins
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
Vitamins
3. What connects the mouth to the
stomach?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
peristalsis
pancreas
esophagus
protein
4. Which of the following is not a
nutrient?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
saliva
protein
fat
carbohydrates
5. The type of digestion that breaks
down food into smaller molecules is
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Carbohydrate
Peristalsis
Mechanical
Chemical
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
6. Which part of the mouth is
responsible for mechanical
digestion?
lips
tongue
saliva
teeth
7. What do we call the kind of
carbohydrate that is easy to get
energy from, like sugar?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Simple
Complex
Double
Single
8. Which of the following is not
connected to the digestive tract?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
ureter
9. Which of the following is a good
source of protein?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
bread
rice
meat
potatoes
10. How does food makes it way
through the digestive tract?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
esophagus
peristalsis
mechanical
complex
1. What are the chemicals your
body needs to be healthy?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
peristalsis
nutrients
organs
saliva
2. Which of the following is a liquid
at room temperature?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Proteins
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
Vitamins
3. What connects the mouth to the
stomach?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
peristalsis
pancreas
esophagus
protein
4. Which of the following is not a
nutrient?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
saliva
protein
fat
carbohydrates
5. The type of digestion that breaks
down food into smaller molecules is
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Carbohydrate
Peristalsis
Mechanical
Chemical
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
6. Which part of the mouth is
responsible for mechanical
digestion?
lips
tongue
saliva
teeth
7. What do we call the kind of
carbohydrate that is easy to get
energy from, like sugar?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Simple
Complex
Double
Single
8. Which of the following is not
connected to the digestive tract?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
gall bladder
liver
pancreas
ureter
9. Which of the following is a good
source of protein?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
bread
rice
meat
potatoes
10. How does food makes it way
through the digestive tract?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
esophagus
peristalsis
mechanical
complex
Digestive System
Part II
Show the Magic School Bus Clip
from 2:23 till 16:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
ImO9_yGMRwg
How does mechanical digestion
occur in the stomach?
• How does chemical
digestion occur?
The stomach
produces gastric
acid that helps
breakdown food.
What is gastric juice made of?
• This what helps in the chemical
digestion of food in the stomach.
HCL is very strong acid. Why does
it not harm the tissue of the
stomach?
•A layer of mucus provides
protection from acid for the
stomach.
What’s it called if the acid gets through
the layer of mucus and damages the
inside of the stomach?
Stomach
As the food leaves the stomach, it
has a new name called
• Chyme is a thin watery product that
moves slowly out of the stomach and
into the
As food enters the small intestine,
breaks down the fats and
oils in the food.
• Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like
soap or detergent in how it can break
apart fats and oils. This liquid is
made by the
and stored in the
Like the liver and gall bladder the
is also connected to the
small intestine.
• The pancreas also secretes chemicals
that aid in digestion of food (chyme).
The pancreas produces enzymes to help
digestion. It also produces a hormone
called
• Insulin allows for the absorption of
glucose by the body’s cells. Without it,
the cells can’t absorb their food.
People who’s pancreas does not
produce insulin have a disorder
called
The
is responsible for
getting the nutrients from the small intestine
out to the rest of the body.
• But first the
molecules of food
have to get from
the Small Intestine
into the blood.
The inside of the SI is covered with
small fingerlike projections called
• The villi have
capillaries running
through them that
can absorb the
nutrients from the
chyme.
Does the body use all the food it
eats?
Small intestine
Some foods like
cannot be digested.
• Cellulose is a kind of carbohydrate
found in fruits and vegetables
(plants). Often referred to as fiber.
Fiber helps keep the
digestive system
running smoothly.
The part of the food (chyme) not
used in the small intestine travels to
the
Large intestines
Small intestines
There is a small organ attached to
the large intestine called the
• The appendix essentially has no function
but can become infected and must be
removed.
As the food moves through the
large intestine
is
absorbed.
• As the water is extracted from the LI
the waste product become more
This waste product is referred to as
Where does the feces collect
before removal from the body?
Tr ansverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Appendix
Rectum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, LARGE INTESTINE
• When enough is
collected the brain
is signaled for
elimination.
Many bacteria live inside the
digestive tract. Some help us digest
food and other help produce
1. What is the food in the digestive tract
called when the stomach passes it to the
Small intestine?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Chyme
Bile
Insulin
Cellulose
2. What is the greenish fluid excreted
by the gall bladder that breaks down
fats?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Chyme
Hydrochloric Acid
Feces
Bile
3. Where is water removed from the
chyme?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Pancreas
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
4. What is the hormone that is
responsible for absorption of glucose and
lack of it causes diabetes?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Chyme
Enzyme
Insulin
Hydrochloric Acid
5. What are the finger like projections in
the SI where nutrients are absorbed by
capillaries?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Chyme
Pancreas
Villi
Cellulose
6. What organ makes bile?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Pancreas
Liver
Stomach
Small intestine
7. What is it in the stomach that
helps break down food?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Chyme
Gastric Juices
Insulin
Bile
8. What is it that cannot be broken
down and used for nutrients in the
digestive system?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Bile
Chyme
Villi
Cellulose
9. What is happens when the
stomach lining fails to protect the
stomach?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
Ulcer
Diabetes
Cellulose
Bile
10.What’s the correct order that food
travels through the digestive tract?
• A. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, L
Intestine , S Intestine
• B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S
Intestine, L Intestine
• C. Mouth, esophagus, S intestine,
Stomach, L Intestine
• D. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, S
Intestine , L Intestine
A review of the Digestive System
• Can you break down the processes of
digestions into 4 parts? Brainstorm with your
partner a flow chart of what you think should
be included in each stage.
Stage 1 – Ingestion
Stage Starting point of ingestion – food taken into
1:
the mouth
Ingestion
Mouth
Stage 2 - Digestion
Stage 2: Mechanical Digestion – teeth and tongue grind food into
Digestion smaller pieces (Mastication)
Chemical Digestion – Food is covered with saliva and the
amylase begins to break down the food (Mouth)
Muscles in the esophagus push the food down into the
stomach in a process called peristalsis
When food reaches the stomach it is covered in gastric
juice (HCl, Mucus, enzymes (pepsin)) that break food down
into a liquid (Chyme)
Once the chyme leaves the stomach it goes into the small
intestine, where it is broken down into small nutrient
particles.
Mouth
(Teeth and
Tongue)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Stage 3 - Absorption
Stage 3:
Absorption
Nutrients are absorbed in the rest of the
small intestine
Small
Intestine
The small intestine is lined with villi that
increase the surface area available for
nutrients to be absorbed
Large
Intestine
Undigested material leaves the small
intestine and goes into the large intestine
where water and minerals are absorbed.
Stage 4 – Excretion
Stage 4:
Excretion
Any undigested material is stored in
the rectum and leaves the body via
the anus
Rectum
Anus
Diseases which affect the Digestive
System
• Nearly everyone has a digestive problem at one time or another.
Some conditions, like indigestion or mild diarrhea, are common;
they result in mild discomfort and get better on their own or are
easy to treat. Others, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can
be ongoing and troublesome and should be discussed with a GI
specialist or gastroenterologist (doctors who specialize in the
digestive system).
• Almost everyone has experienced diarrhea or constipation. With
diarrhea, muscle contractions move the contents of the intestines
along too quickly and there isn't enough time for water to be
absorbed before the feces are pushed out of the body. Constipation
is the opposite: The contents of the large intestines do not move
along fast enough and waste materials stay in the large intestine so
long that too much water is removed and the feces become hard.
Common Disease
•
Appendicitis an inflammation of the appendix, most often affects kids and teens between 11 and 20 years old, and requires surgery to
correct. The classic symptoms of appendicitis are abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, and vomiting.
•
Celiac disease occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a type of protein called gluten. If a person eats food that contains
gluten, the immune system will gradually damage the lining of the small intestine. When the small intestine is damaged, it is difficult for
the body to absorb vitamins, minerals and other nutrients from food. This can affect a child’s overall health and growth.
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•
•
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs when the small or large intestine (bowel) becomes inflamed. When the intestine is inflamed,
it becomes swollen and painful. This causes symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, stomach cramps and, sometimes, weight loss.
There are two main types of IBD: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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–
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•
Gluten is found in rye, barley and all forms of wheat. Gluten is also found in some non-food products, such as stamp adhesive (glue) and some
medicines.
Celiac disease cannot be cured, but it can be treated by following a gluten-free diet.
Crohn’s​ disease​ can affect any part of the GI tract​. It causes the walls of the affected part to thicken and develop a cobblestone-like surface.
Depending on where Crohn’s disease occurs, symptoms can include stomach pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, poor growth
and mouth ulcers.
Ulcerative colitis is similar to Crohn’s disease, but it affects only the colon (large intestine). When a person has ulcerative colitis, the lining of
their colon develops ulcers, or tears. This can lead to stomach pain, bloody diarrhea, bleeding from tears around the anus, weight loss and
decreased appetite.
Treatments for IBD can include medicines to fight infections, medicines to suppress the immune system and special nutrition to provide the
nutrients that the body may not be absorbing from food. Ultimately, in many cases, surgery is needed to control the disease.
It is easier to diagnose and treat IBD, without the risk of a serious flare-up, when the person affected is aware of their symptoms.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic (long-term) condition that affects the large and small intestine. In IBS, food moves through
the colon too slowly, too quickly or unpredictably. As a result, the colon does not absorb the right amount of water from food. This can
lead to diarrhea or constipation.
–
It is not clear what causes IBS. Some people confuse irritable bowel syndrome with inflammatory bowel disease. Indeed, their symptoms
appear to be similar at first.
How to keep the Digestive System
Happy and Healthy
•
Eat a high-fiber diet. consuming a diet that is high in fiber and rich in whole grains, vegetables, legumes,
and fruits can improve your digestive health. A high-fiber diet helps to keep food moving through your
digestive tract, making you less likely to get constipated.
•
Get insoluble and soluble fiber. It is important to consume both types of fiber, which each help your
digestive system in different ways. Insoluble fiber, also known as roughage, can't be digested by the body
and therefore helps add bulk to the stools. Soluble fiber draws in water and can help prevent stools that
are too watery. Good sources of insoluble fiber include wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains; get
soluble fiber from oat bran, nuts, seeds, and legumes.
•
Limit foods that are high in fat. In general, fatty foods tend to slow down the digestive process, making
you more prone to constipation, but since it is important to get some fat in your diet pairing fatty foods
with high-fiber foods can make them easier on your digestive system.
•
Choose lean meats. Protein is an essential part of a healthful diet, but fatty cuts of meat can lead to
uncomfortable digestion. When you eat meat, select lean cuts, such as pork loin and skinless poultry.
•
Incorporate probiotics into your diet. Probiotics are the healthy bacteria naturally present in your
digestive tract. They help keep the body healthy by combating the effects of a poor diet, antibiotics, and
stress. In addition, probiotics can enhance nutrient absorption, help break down lactose, strengthen your
immune system, and possibly even help treat irritable bowel syndrome.
How to keep the Digestive System
Happy and Healthy
•
Eat on schedule. consuming your meals and snacks on a regular schedule can help keep your
digestive system in top shape. Aim to sit down for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks around
the same time each day.
•
Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of water is good for your digestive health. Water in your
digestive system helps dissolve fats and soluble fiber, allowing these substances to pass
through more easily.
•
Skip the bad habits: Smoking and avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol. Liquor, coffee, and
cigarettes can interfere with the functioning of your digestive system, and lead to problems
like stomach ulcers and heartburn.
•
Exercise regularly. Regular exercise helps keep foods moving through your digestive system,
reducing constipation. Exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight which is good for your
digestive health. Make it a point to work regular exercise into your weekly schedule.
•
Manage stress. Too much stress or anxiety can cause your digestive system to go into
overdrive. Find stress-reducing activities that you enjoy and practice them on a regular basis.