Transcript Document

Why?
• People have more disposable
income.
• Companies give more paid holidays
than they used to.
• Travel has become cheaper
(particularly air travel)
• Holiday providers now use the
internet to sell their products to
people directly which also makes
them cheaper.
2/17
Why
• Improvements in transport (e.g. more airports)
have made it quicker and easier to travel to
places.
• Countries in more unusual destinations such as
the middle east and Africa have got better at
marketing themselves as tourist attractions. This
means more people are aware of them.
• Many countries have invested in infrastructure
for tourism to make them more attractive to
visitors.
3/17
Popular
destinations
include:
• London
• New york
• Paris
• Rome
Culture
e.g.
museums,
art galleries
…
Snorkelling
Fishing
Beaches
shopping
Entertainment
(bars,
restaurants,
theatres)
Popular
Swimming
destinations
include:
• Spain
Water skiing
• The Caribbean
• Thailand
4/17
skiing
scenery
Snow
boarding
Popular
destinations
include:
• Alps
• Dolomites
• Rockies
climbing
walking
5/17
• Tourism creates jobs for local people.
• It also increases the income of other
businesses that supply the tourism industry.
• Tourism is important to the economy of both
rich and poor countries e.g. tourism in
France generated 35 million euros In 2006
and 2 million jobs.
• Poorer countries tend to be more dependant
on income from tourism than richer ones.
6/17
Mass Tourism is organised tourism for large
numbers of people.
Mass tourism has both positive and negative
impacts!
7/17
Positive
Economic Impacts
•
•
•
Social Impacts
•
•
•
Environmental impacts
•
Negative
Brings Money into local
•
economy.
Creates jobs for local people.
Increases the income of
industries that supply tourism
e.g. Farming
A lot of the profit made from
tourism is kept by the large travel
companies rather than going to
the local economy.
Lots of jobs means young
•
people are more likely to stay
in the area.
Improved roads,
•
infrastructure and
communications benefit local
people.
•
Income from tourism can be
reinvested in local community
projects
The tourism jobs available to
locals are often badly paid and
are seasonal.
Traffic congestion caused by
tourists can inconvenience local
people.
The behaviour of some tourists
can offend locals.
•
Transporting lots of people long
distances releases greenhouse
gasses that cause global
warming.
Tourism can increase litter and
pollution.
Tourism can lead to the
destruction of natural habitats
Income from tourism can be
reinvested in protecting the
environment.
•
•
There are ways to reduce the negative impacts of mass tourism:
•
•
•
Improving Public transport encourages people to use it, which reduces traffic
congestion and pollution.
Limiting the number of people visiting sensitive environments.
Providing lots of bins helps reduce litter.
The importance of Tourism needs to be maintained
Areas that rely heavily on tourism need to make sure tourists
keep coming!
Here are a few ways they can do this:
• BULID NEW FACILITIES
• REDUCE TOURIST IMPACTS WHICH MAKE THE AREA LESS
ATTRACTIVE
• ADVERTISE AND MARKET THE ARE TO ATTRACT NEW
TOURISTS
• IMPROVE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
• OFFER NEW ACTIVITIES
• MAKE IT CHEAPER TO VISIT.
9/17
Economic Impacts
Positive
Negative
•
Tourism contributes 15% of
the country's gross national
product.
In 2003 around 219 000
people worked in the tourist
industry.
•
Only 15% of the money earned
through tourism goes to locals.
The rest goes to big companies
The culture and customs of
the native maasai tribe are
preserved because things like
traditional dancing are often
displayed for tourists.
•
Some Maasai tribes people
were forced off their land to
create national parks.
Some Muslim people in Kenya
are offended by the way female
tourists dress.
•
Social Impacts
Environmental impacts
•
•
•
There are 23 national parks In •
Kenya e.g. Nairobi national
park. Tourists have to pay
money to get in. This money
•
is used to maintain the
•
national parks which help
protect the environment and
wildlife.
Safari vehicles have destroyed
vegetation and caused soil
erosion.
Wild animals have been affected
Coral reefs have been damaged.
Extreme environments are becoming popular
with tourists
There are many reasons why tourists are attracted to
extreme environments:
• They're ideal settings for adventure holidays activities
such as jeep tours, river rafting and trekking.
• Some people want something different and more
exciting to do on holiday.
• A lot of people enjoy an element of risk.
• Some wildlife can only be seen in these areas.
• Some scenery can only be seen in extreme places.
11/17
There are also reasons why tourism is
increasing in extreme environments
• Improvements of transport have made
it quicker and easier to get to some of
these destinations.
• People are keen to see places like
Antarctica for themselves while they
have the chance.
• Tourism to extreme environments is
quite expensive but people now have
more disposable income.
• Adventure holidays are becoming more
popular because of TV programmes
and advertising.
12/17
The ecotourism's in extreme environments are usually
delicately balanced, because its so difficult to survive in the
harsh conditions there. The presence of tourists can upset
this fragile balance and cause serious problems.
Here's an example of how tourism can damage the
environment in the Himalayas:
• Trees are cut down to provide fuel for trekkers and
other tourists leading to deforestation.
• Deforestation destroys habitats.
• Deforestation means there are fewer trees to intercept
rain. Which can lead to flooding.
• Tree roots normally hold the soil together so
deforestation also leads to soil erosion.
• Tourists cause footpath erosion
• Rivers become polluted by sewerage
13/17
Ecotourism is tourism that
doesn’t harm the environment
and benefits the local people.
Ecotourism involves:
Conservation-protecting and managing the environment.
Stewardship-taking responsibility for conserving the
environment.
Ideally conservation and stewardship should involve local
people and local organisations so that local people benefit
from tourists.
Ecotourism is usually a small scale activity, with only
small numbers of visitors going to an area at a time. This
helps keep the environmental impact of tourism low.
14/17
Environmental benefits
Economic benefits
• Local people are
• Ecotourism creates jobs
encouraged to conserve
for local people (e.g. as
the environment rather
guides or in tourist
than use it for damaging
lodges) which helps the
activities.
local economy grow.
• It reduces poaching and • Local people not
hunting of endangered
directly employed in
species.
tourism can also make
• Ecotourism projects try
money by selling local
to reduce the use of
crafts to visitors or
fossil fuels.
supplying the tourist
• Waste that tourists
industry with goods.
create is disposed of
carefully.
Benefits for local
people
• People have better and
more stable incomes in
ecotourism than in
other jobs e.g. farming
• Many ecotourism
schemes fund
community projects e.g.
schools, water tanks
and health centres.
15/17
1.
Sustainable development means improving the
quality of life for people but doing it in a way that
doesn’t stop people in the future getting what
they need.
2.
Ecotourism helps areas to develop by increasing
the quality of life for local people- the profits
from ecotourism can be used to build schools or
healthcare facilities.
3.
The development is sustainable because its done
without damaging the environment- without
ecotourism people may have to make a living to
improve their lives by doing something that
harms the environment e.g. cutting down trees.
16/17
END