Transcript The Cold War

The Second Red Scare
HUAC
(House Un-American Activities Committee)

Purpose.
 Search
for suspected Communists, root
them out, and investigate the extent of
their infiltration.
Members of HUAC
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
The reality of the HUAC
 Focused on anyone who they
felt was communist, without
regard to proof
 Used a variety of spy
techniques to create facts
 Threatened and manipulated
witnesses.
 As a result, many would
tell lies in order to save
their own skin.
 Refusal to answer
questions or cooperate
was similar to an
admission of guilt.
Senator Joseph McCarthy (WI-R)
 McCarthy was a senator
who was facing defeat
in 1950
He decided to use the
anti-communist fervor
in the country to his
advantage.
Gave a speech in Wheeling
that made him a public
figure
The List


“I have here a list of 205 names that were made
known to the Secretary of State as being members
of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are
still working and
shaping policy in the
State Department.”
He later said there were
communists in the US
Army and President
Truman’s Administration
Decline of McCarthy
Army-McCarthy Hearings.
 McCarthy accuses the
U.S. Army of “coddling”
Communists in the U.S.
 Also questions the loyalty
and integrity of several
top generals.
 First time many
Americans actually
Americans Watching The Army-McCarthy
witnessed McCarthy’s
Hearings At A Television Store
wild accusations.

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The hearings were offensive to many and public
opinion turns against McCarthy
 Result: Senate officially condemns McCarthy for
“conduct unbecoming a member of the United
States Senate.”
 McCarthy’s power would decline until his death in
1957 from alcoholism.

Army-McCarthy Hearings
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Dwight Eisenhower’s
Containment
Massive Retaliation
•Eisenhower was advised by
Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles
•They believed that the
Truman Doctrine was too
expensive because it focused
on conventional forces
•They decided to place
greater emphasis on nuclear
weapons and air power
•Theory was it would save
money and increase pressure
on the USSR and its allies
B-52 Bomber
Massive Retaliation
Also referred to as “brinkmanship” or Mutual Assured Destruction
Idea is that you scare the other side from acting aggressively, because
you have the ability to deliver atomic weapons
This may work in preventing a big US and USSR war, but how will this
work with smaller conflicts?
Eisenhower also attempted to contain the Soviets through
the use of treaty’s
These were focused on areas of the world where it seemed
like Communism was expanding; here are two examples:
CENTO
(Central Treaty Organization)
SEATO
(SE Asia Treaty Organization)
Cold War 1959
Nikita Khrushchev replaces
Stalin in 1953
De Stalinization—attempt to
remove the policies, programs
and “cult of personality” created
by Stalin
Communist states adopt idea
of “peaceful coexistence”
January 6, 1958
Cold War during Eisenhower
•Domino Theory (1954)
•Hungarian Revolt (1956)
--Puts a hole in Massive Retaliation
Bonus:
1.What was the Domino Theory?
2.How does the Hungarian
Revolution demonstrate a flaw in
Massive Retaliation?
•Sputnik (1957)
--Start of “Space Race”
•Cuba (1959)
--Fidel Castro led a
revolution (backed by CIA),
--Castro says he is a
Marxist and asks for, and
receives, Soviet aid
--Eisenhower asks the CIA
to formulate a plan to
retake island
U-2 Incident (1960)
--Spy plane missions were going on during the 50’s, but the U.S.
denied that it was occurring, U.S.S.R. knew they were lying
--Major meeting scheduled in Berlin between Ike and Kruschev
--Before summit begins, U.S.S.R. announces that a U.S. spy
plane was shot down
--Nikita demands apology, Ike says will stop flights but no
apology
--Propaganda victory for the Soviets, U.S. appears to be lying to
the world
Military-Industrial Complex—Ike’s Farewell Address
“This conjunction of an immense military
establishment and a large arms industry is new
in the American experience. The total influence
-- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in
every city, every State house, every office of the
Federal government. In the councils of
government, we must guard against the
acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether
sought or unsought, by the military-industrial
complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of
misplaced power exists and will persist. “