Transcript Kinetic Theory

Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Theory
• “Kinetic” refers to movement
Kinetic Theory
• “Kinetic” refers to movement
• “Theory,” a unifying idea that is useful for
understanding a wide variety of observations
Kinetic Theory
• The kinetic theory states that submicroscopic
particles of all matter are in constant, random
motion.
• The Kinetic Theory is a unifying concept that
uses the idea of moving particles to explain
gases, liquids, solids, phase changes and the
effect of temperature and pressure on these.
Kinetic Theory
3 Assumptions necessary to use the theory:
Kinetic Theory
3 Assumptions necessary to use the theory:
• All matter is made of particles (atoms, ions or
molecules)
Kinetic Theory
3 Assumptions necessary to use the theory:
• All matter is made of particles (atoms, ions or
molecules)
• The particles of matter are in constant motion
Kinetic Theory
3 Assumptions necessary to use the theory:
• All matter is made of particles (atoms, ions or
molecules)
• The particles of matter are in constant motion
• All collisions are perfectly elastic (no energy is
lost)
Solid
Solid
• Solids have their own shape and volume
regardless of their containers.
Solid
• Solids have their own shape and volume
regardless of their containers.
• The particles in a solid vibrate but don’t have
enough energy to move past one another
Solid
• Solids have their own shape and volume
regardless of their containers.
• The particles in a solid vibrate but don’t have
enough energy to move past one another
• But, if you heat a solid (giving it more energy)
it will ____________ and become a ….
Liquid
Liquid
• The particles in a liquid have enough energy to
flow past one another, and thus take the shape of
whatever container they are in.
Liquid
• The particles in a liquid have enough energy to
flow past one another, and thus take the shape of
whatever container they are in.
• But they don’t have enough energy to break the
attractive forces between them so they remain in
contact and maintain their own volume.
Liquid
• The particles in a liquid have enough energy to
flow past one another, and thus take the shape of
whatever container they are in.
• But they don’t have enough energy to break the
attractive forces between them so they remain in
contact and maintain their own volume.
• If you heat a liquid (giving it more energy) it will
__________, and become a …
Gas
Gas
• The particles of a gas have enough energy to
overwhelm any attractive forces between
them. If they collide, they bounce off without
losing energy.
Gas
• The particles of a gas have enough energy to
overwhelm any attractive forces between
them. If they collide, they bounce off without
losing energy.
• Gases take the shape and volume of their
containers.
Gas
• The particles of a gas have enough energy to
overwhelm any attractive forces between
them. If they collide, they bounce off without
losing energy.
• Gases take the shape and volume of their
containers.
• If you cool a gas, it __________ and becomes
a…
Liquid
• If you cool a liquid, the particles will lose
energy and will __________ to become a …
Solid
• If you cool a solid, it will lose energy and
vibrate more and more slowly until a
temperature is reached at which no
movement occurs.
Solid
• If you cool a solid, it will lose energy and
vibrate more and more slowly until a
temperature is reached at which no
movement occurs.
• This temperature is called ABSOLUTE ZERO,
and is theoretically the coldest possible
temperature.
Temperature
• We will soon be defining temperature as a
measure of the average kinetic energy of a
substance.
Simulation
•
(hit escape then double click the link below)
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
1. What is the main idea of the kinetic theory?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
1. What is the main idea of the kinetic theory?
(the movement of particles causes many of the
properties of matter that we observe)
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
2. What are the three assumptions one must
make to use the theory?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
2. What are the three assumptions one must
make to use the theory?
Matter is made of particles
Particles are in constant motion
Collisions are elastic
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
3. What are the three most common states of
matter on Earth?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
3. What are the three most common states of
matter on Earth?
Solid, liquid, gas
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
4. In which state(s) are the particles separated
by much empty space?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
4. In which state(s) are the particles separated
by much empty space?
gas
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
5. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
5. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another?
Solid and liquid
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
6. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another but have enough kinetic
energy to flow past one another?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
6. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another but have enough kinetic
energy to flow past one another?
liquid
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
7. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another but don’t have enough kinetic
energy to move past one another, but instead
vibrate from their fixed positions?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
7. In which state(s) are the particles in contact
with one another but don’t have enough kinetic
energy to move past one another, but instead
vibrate from their fixed positions?
solid
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
8. Which state would be most compressible?
Why?
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
8. Which state would be most compressible?
Why?
Gas. Because there is empty space around the
particles.
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
9. Gas
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
9. Liquid
Kinetic Theory Worksheet
9. Solid