Transcript New Global Patterns

Bell Ringer
List the three motives/causes of Imperialism
List the three Forms of Imperial control
Provide two examples of Imperial control.
Example (you need 2 more):
-Russian sphere of influence in Iran.
New Global Patterns
Japan
What do you already
know?
-Island nation: archipelago
-Few natural resources
-isolated for hundreds of years
-mountainous
-emperor
Isolation
From 1600-1900 Japan was mostly isolated from the world. Only one port was
open for limited trade with the Chinese and Dutch. Otherwise the Japanese were
self-sufficient; growing their food and making their own goods.
Isolation has its problems though:
-Corruption was rampant in the emperor’s government
-goods were made by hand and were expensive and time consuming
-corruption began to break the faith of the Japanese in their government
Based on this, do you think
industrialization had yet occurred
in Japan? What is your evidence?
Commodore Perry
In 1853, a US fleet of armed ships arrived in Japan. The
US ships were led by Commodore Perry. He delivered a
letter demanding the Japanese open for trade.
In 1854, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed:
-The US received two trading ports
Soon, other imperial powers, such as Britain,
Russia and France had similar arrangements.
Japanese Reaction
The Japanese people
were split over the
foreigners. Many were
offended by the forced
trade agreements , but
others saw it as an
opportunity to improve
Japan.
What do you think the
artist felt?
Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)
The emperor decided that he would strengthen
Japan to stand up against the West. He began the
Meiji, Enlightened Rule
The emperor used China as an example. He had
seen China utterly defeated and carved up by the
Western powers because they did not industrialize
and strengthen against the foreigners. He would
not make the same mistake
Meiji
Goal: Japan would adopt Western ways to stand up against them
Method: Japanese scholars and leaders were sent abroad to study the West and its
cultures.
Political leaders travelled to Britain, Russia, France, etc. To learn about Western
government, economies, technology, and customs.
What types of things do you think the
travellers may have seen?
Meiji Pride
“This means that about seven years
after the first sight of a steamship,
after only about five years of practice,
the Japanese made a trans-Pacific
crossing without help from foreign
experts… Even Peter the Great of
Russia, who went to Holland to study
navigation, could not have equaled this
feat of the Japanese.”
What is the author saying?
Fukuzawa Yukichi
A Japanese scholar who travelled to California. He spent his life
writing books to help the Japanese people understand Western
thought and culture. He discovered many interesting things:
-Carpeted floors
“the floors were covered with valuable carpets that in Japan only the more
wealthy could buy… to make purses. Upon this costly fabric walked our hosts
(Americans) wearing shoes with which they had come in from the streets!”
-Ice
“our drinks arrived with strange fragments floating in them. Some of the
party swallowed these particles, others chewed them. Hardly did we expect
to find ice in the warm spring weather”
Why were the carpets so shocking
“To our dismay, we could not make out what they were doing. The ladies
for
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it was, weto
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and we controlled our
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-Dancing
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Reforms
-Government modeled after Germany’s Autocratic ruler
-1889 Constitution set up a two house legislature- one elected
and one appointed
-All citizens are equal before the law but suffrage is limited
-modernized the military
-Improved infrastructure (roads, bridges, communication
systems)
-Adopted Western manufacturing systems
Zaibatsu
The Japanese government invested and developed factories and businesses.
They were then bought by Zaibatsu, powerful banking and industry families.
Commodore Perry arrived in agriculturally based Japan in 1853
By 1890 the Japanese had a booming industry and leading military
Changing fashions of the Meiji
Traditional 



Meiji
Education
In less than 50 years Japan
transformed from a traditional
agriculturally based nation, into a
powerful industrialized and modern
nation
Japan’s imperial conquest
Like other industrialized nations, Japan
realized it needed raw materials and new
markets.
Neighboring countries Manchuria and Korea
have the necessary materials and natural
resources.
What do you think will happen?
Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895
In 1894 rising tensions with China over Korean
trading broke into war.
China had more resources, but Japan had
modernized its army.
Japanese Victory
The Japanese won the war, and gained influence in South Korea. They also
gained trading ports in China and control of Taiwan.
The western powers are shocked by
Japan’s victory. They had not thought
of Japanese modernizing as a threat
to their interests in the East.
Russo-Japanese War 1904
The Japanese and Russians were rivals for control in Korea and Manchuria. The
tensions over control led to war. The Japanese defeated the Russian troops in
Manchuria, and destroyed the Russian Fleet (Navy).
**This marks the first time in modern
history that an Asian power beat an
European Nation**
Japanese in Korea
Korea always felt like a ‘shrimp among the whales” because its
neighbors were large and powerful.
By 1910 the Japanese made Korea a protectorate, setting up a
puppet government to force its control.
During protectorate rule the Japanese modernized Korea, for their
own benefit. Example: the Koreans were
producing more rice than ever before,
but most of it went to Japan.
Korean Nationalism
Like other imperial powers, the Japanese
were unpopular among their Korean
subjects.
The Japanese imposed strict laws aimed at
erasing Korean language and culture.
The unfair treatment by the Japanese
caused Korean nationalism to grow.
Each time we have talked about a
nation taking over another, it has
sparked what feeling? Why?
Think of:
Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
African Imperialism
Latin American Revolution
South East Asia
After Africa and the Middle East
were imperialized, the Europeans
turned to Asia.
The South Asian countries appealed
to the Europeans who wanted to
secure sea routes between India and
China
British and French
The British and French were the main players of
the South Asian areas. The British held the South
West between India and Thailand. The French
held Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia; known as
French Indochina.
Between the two stood Thailand, a needed
border between the super powers.
Based on your knowledge of Japan and
imperialism, why do you think Siam (Thailand)
was able to resist the imperial powers?
They modernized and industrialized
their nation to stand against the
Western powers
Siam (Thailand)
King Mongkut saw how the western powers took
over neighboring countries who clung to
traditional ways of life. To avoid this he launched a
campaign to reform the nation:
-- Reformed the government
-- trained and supplied a modern army
-- Built factories and industry
-- Western experts were brought in to teach
In the early 1900s, Britain and France
agreed to guarantee Thailand’s
independence, but both created spheres of
influence to guarantee trade.
The Philippines
The Philippine Islands are rich in natural
resources and safe harbors. The Spanish
controlled the Islands from the 1500s1898. In 1898, the Spanish relinquished
(gave up) control of the islands to the
United States.
Though the islanders had declared
independence in 1986, the US ignored their
declaration and forced their rule upon the
Filipinos.
Hawaii
In the middle of the Pacific sat Hawaii, a rich nation with
large sugar plantations. The Plantations were largely owned
by US business men, who disagreed with the Queen’s tax
policy.
These plantation owners overthrew the government, and
forced their supporters into the government. They
eventually convinced the US to annex Hawaii as a state.
What strategic advantage does Hawaii
provide for the United States?
Review
British control over South Africa, French
control over Indochina, and Spanish control
over Mexico are examples of
1.Isolationism
2.Appeasement
3.Nonalignment
4.Imperialism
Review
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans
improved roads and bridges and built railroads
in their colonies primarily to
1.Provide jobs for the colonists
2. Obtain raw materials needed for
industrialization
3. Impress the colonists with their technology
4. Help missionaries spread Christianity
Review
An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and
the Boer War shows that one reason nations
go to war is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assist oppressed people
Spread religious beliefs
Satisfy imperialist goals
Honor provisions of a treaty
Review
Throughout the 1800s, an increased need
for both raw materials and new markets for
manufactured goods led various European
nations to pursue policies of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Imperialism
Socialism
Isolationism
communism
Critical Thinking
Write 4-5 sentences explaining why nations like Ethiopia, Japan and
Thailand were successful in avoiding European control, and nations
such as India and China were not able to do so.
Use your notes to examine the differences.