Transcript WWII: The Conflict Grows

WWII: The
Conflict Grows
Part II
Objectives
• Analyze the planning and impact of the D-Day
invasion of France.
• Understand how the Allies achieved final victory in
Europe.
• Explore the reasons that President Truman decided
to use the atomic bomb against Japan.
Vocabulary Words and
Phrases
•
D-Day − June 6, 1944, the day Allied forces invaded
France
•
Battle of the Bulge − German counterattack that
failed, resulting in an Allied victory
•
Manhattan Project − code name for the program to
develop an atomic bomb
In 1943, Allied leaders agreed to open a
second front in the war in Europe.
American
and British
troops
would cross
the English
Channel
and invade
France.
• The secret operation
was code-named
Operation Overlord.
• General Dwight
Eisenhower was the
mission’s commander.
Operation Overlord was a massive operation.
It required careful
planning and involved
an elaborate hoax to
fool the enemy about
where troops would
land.
On D-Day, June 6,
1944, the Allies
landed at Normandy.
D-Day through film
• Band of Brothers “Day of Days”
-Shows the initial drop by paratroopers
• Saving Private Ryan
-Shows the sea invasion
The Allies seized the momentum.
The Americans
and British
advanced from
the west,
liberating Paris.
The Soviets
advanced from
the east,
liberating Latvia,
Romania,
Slovakia, and
Hungary.
Hitler launched a
counterattack,
creating a bulge
in the American
lines.
The Americans
pushed back,
forcing a German
retreat.
Battle of the Bulge
through film
• Band of Brothers “ The Breaking Point”
-Shows the Battle of the Buldge, specifically the 101st
attack on the village of Foy
The Allies soon surrounded
Berlin, preparing for an all-out
assault on Hitler’s capital
Hitler had fallen into
madness, giving
orders that were not
obeyed and planning
attacks that were not
carried out.
In April 1945,
Hitler committed
suicide.
Germany
surrendered.
An already
atrocious war gets
worse
• Allies begin to find camps set up by Germany…
The Holocaust
Objectives
• Trace the roots and progress of Hitler’s
campaign against the Jews.
• Explore the goals of Hitler’s “final solution” and
the nature of the Nazi death camps.
• Examine how the United States responded to
the Holocaust.
Vocabulary Words and Phrases
• concentration camp − camp where members of specially
designated groups were confined
• death camp − concentration camp where prisoners were
systematically exterminated
• War Refugee Board − U.S. board that worked with the Red
Cross to save Jews
• Holocaust − Nazi attempt to kill Jews and others considered
“undesirable”
• Nuremberg Laws − German laws discviolence in which
riminating against Jews
• Kristallnacht − night of organized Jews were arrested and
killed and synagogues and Jewish businesses destroyed
• genocide − willful annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural
group
Roots of the Holocaust:
• Racist belief that proclaimed Aryans superior to other
people
• Desire by Hitler and others to blame someone for
Germany’s problems following World War I
Hitler found someone to blame: the Jews.
At first, the focus of persecution was
economic.
• Jewish businesses were boycotted.
• Jews were fired from their jobs.
• Jews were barred from working in fields
such as banking, law, and medicine.
In time, laws were passed that broadened
the persecution.
Nuremberg Laws
• Denied Jews German citizenship
• Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews
• Segregated Jews at every level of society
The hatred directed against Jews soon
turned violent.
Hitler’s secret police
carried out vicious
attacks.
During Kristallnacht,
hundreds of Jews
were killed and Jewish
businesses and
synagogues burned.
Hitler’s “final
solution to the
Jewish
question” was
genocide—
extermination of
all Jews.
Beginning in the
1930s, Jews were
forced from their
homes, put onto
trains, and taken to
concentration
camps.
Political opponents and anyone labeled
“undesirable” also were imprisoned.
Some
concentration
camps were
death camps.
There,
prisoners were
killed in gas
chambers or
shot, and their
bodies burned.
Prisoners in other camps were forced to perform
heavy labor, often brutalized by the guards.
Some were tortured or subjected to horrible
medical experiments.
Death by starvation and disease was common.
Millions of people died in concentration camps.
Americans reacted
with an
outpouring of
sympathy and a
desire to help.
Many survivors
eventually found
homes in the U.S.
The enormity of the Nazi crime led to renewed
calls for an independent Jewish state.
This will eventually happen a few short years later in
1948 with the establishment of Israel.
However, even the establishment of Israel will still be
controversial.
The Holocaust, will only be one of many WWII
legacies, and still very much politically relevant.