Transcript The Physiology and Time Factors involved with the

Brady Jones
DeRon Jenkins
Courtney Jones
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 The Digestive Tract
◦ Digestive System basics
 Organs of the GI Tract
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Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
 And Some accessory organs (Gallbladder, Pancreas, Etc.)
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Nutrition
◦ The Science of how living organisms obtain and use
food to support the process required for life.
 The Transformation of Food
 Breakdown of food through Catabolic Pathways
 Absorbed
 Rebuilds through Anabolic Pathways
 3 Major types of food
 Proteins
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
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Defined as: A Nitrogen containing
Macronutrient made from amino
acids
Often called the building blocks of the body
Basic Functions
◦ Combined to make muscle, bone, tendons, skin, hair,
and other tissues
◦ Nutrient transportation and enzyme production
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2 types
◦ Complete-(Includes all 8 of the essential amino
acids)
◦ Incomplete-(lacks one or more essential amino acid)
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Athletic Need for Protein
◦ Athletes need protein primarily to repair and
rebuild muscle that is broken down during exercise
and to help optimizes carbohydrate storage in the
form of glycogen
◦ Protein isn’t an ideal source of fuel for exercise, but
can be used when the diet lacks adequate
carbohydrate
 This is detrimental, though, because if used for fuel,
there isn’t enough available to repair and rebuild body
tissues, including muscle.
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Defined as: An organic Compound made up
of varying number of
Monosaccharides.
Carbs are arguably the most important source
of engery for athletes
◦ No Matter what Sport
 Carbs Provide energy for muscle contraction
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Pathway of Carbs
◦ Once eaten, carbohydrates breakdown into smaller
sugars (glucose, fructose and galactose) that get
absorbed and used as energy
 Any glucose not needed right away gets stored in the
muscles and the liver in the form of glycogen
 Once these glycogen stores are filled up, any extra gets
stored as fat.
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Primary Source of energy for Exercise
◦ Glycogen
◦ Short Intense Burst of energy (Sprinting, Weight
Lifting) because it is immediately accessible
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For Long endurance based activity
◦ Glycogen is used as well as Fat
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Adequate carbohydrate intake also helps
prevent protein from being used as energy
Replenishing the Energy Stores
◦ If we don’t replenish the stores we can run out of
fuel for immediate exercise
 Referred to as “Hitting the Wall”
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Carb-Loading
◦ Is a planned, well-timed depletion and Intake of
high level of carbohydrates before a competition
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Defined as: An Organic Substance that is
relatively insoluble in water and
soluble in organic solvents.
Negative Connotation
◦ Essential to optimal Health
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Adipose Tissue
◦ Stored Fat
◦ Provides cushion for internal Organs
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Fat provides the highest concentration of
energy of all the nutrients
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3 types of Dietary Fat
◦ Saturated Fats
 This type of fat is often solid at room temperature
 found primarily in animal sources like meat, egg yolks,
yogurt, cheese, butter, milk
◦ Unsaturated Fats
 liquid at room temperature
 which are typically found in plant food sources
◦ Trans Fat
 Trans fatty acids are created (naturally or man-made)
when an unsaturated fat is made into a solid
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Ensure that athletes have adequate fluids
during periods of active training and
competition.
Provide adequate calories to meet growth and
development needs (if in youth and
adolescent years).
Provide calories to meet extra needs of
physical activity.
Supply nutrients from food.
Instill sound nutrition principles and
practices that will last a lifetime.
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Design a meal pattern that fits your daily routine. Plan
to eat at least three times a day. Use snacks between
regular meals to help meet caloric and nutrient needs.
Eat a diet rich in complex carbohydrates (starches).
Starchy foods such as pasta, breads, cereals, potatoes,
corn, peas and others provide a major energy source to
fuel your activities. These foods are also a source of
fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Drink sufficient fluids to stay hydrated during training
and competition periods - don't wait until you are
thirsty to drink.
Eat a diet that contains a variety of foods from breads
and cereals; fruits; vegetables; meat and meat
substitutes, and dairy groups. It is your best insurance
for getting needed nutrients.
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A pre-game meal three to four hours before the event allows for optimal
digestion and energy supply. Most authorities recommend small pregame meals that provide 500 to 1,000 calories.
High-sugar foods lead to a rapid rise in blood sugar, followed by a
decline in blood sugar and less energy. In addition, concentrated sweets
can draw fluid into the gastrointestinal tract and contribute to
dehydration, cramping, nausea and diarrhea. Don't consume any
carbohydrates one and a half to two hours before an event. This may
lead to premature exhaustion of glycogen stores in endurance events.
Regardless of age, gender or sport, the pre-game meal
recommendations are the same. Following a training session or
competition, a small meal eaten within thirty minutes is very beneficial.
The meal should be mixed, meaning it contains carbohydrate, protein,
and fat. Protein synthesis is greatest during the window of time
immediately following a workout and carbohydrates will help replete
diminished glycogen stores.
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Eat lightly before an athletic competition.
Eat complex carbohydrates and keep
protein and fat intakes low since these are
slow with digestion.
Avoid bulky foods. They may stimulate
bowel movements. Bulky foods include raw
fruits and vegetables, dry beans and peas,
popcorn.
Avoid gas-forming foods such as
vegetables from the cabbage family and
cooked dry beans.
Eat slowly and chew well.
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Drink water to be adequately hydrated. One
suggestion is to drink 2 1/2 cups water 1 to 2
hours before the event. Follow this by drinking
about 1 1/4 cups water 15 minutes before the
event.
Avoid drastic changes in your normal diet routine
immediately prior to competition. Some athletes
prefer to use favorite foods which may give them a
psychological edge.
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Eat carbohydrate-rich foods and beverages as soon
as possible after competition. They will replenish
glycogen stores quickly and get the athlete back into
performance shape. Fruits, juices, high carbohydrate
drinks, pop are examples.
Replace fluids that have been lost. For every pound
that is lost, drink 2 cups of fluids.
Replace any potassium or sodium that has been lost
during competition or training by using foods. Fruits
and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.
Replace sodium by eating salty foods.
Return to your normal high carbohydrate diet at your
next meal.
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Breakfast
Milk, fat-free 12 ounces 125 Calories
Nutty barley cereal 1 cup 94 400 Calories
Cinnamon raisin bagel 194 Calories
Reduced-calorie margarine 1 tablespoon 50
Calorie
Morning snack
Granola bar with oats, sugar, raisins and coconut
2 (1 1/2 ounces total) 180 Calories
Grape juice, unsweetened 12 ounces 227
Calories
Carrots, baby (12-10) 42 Calories
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Lunch
Milk, fat-free 8 ounces 84 Calories
Whole-wheat bread 4 slices (1 1/2 ounces per slice)
440 Calories
Chicken breast, roasted without skin 3 ounces 140
Cal. Romaine lettuce, shredded 1/4 cup 2 Calories
Mayonnaise-type salad dressing 2 tablespoons 57
Calories Tortilla chips, baked 1 ounce 110
Calories
Afternoon snack
Low-fat fruit yogurt 8 ounces 250 Calories
Wheat crackers (10-19) 142 Calories
Apple, medium 72 Calories
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Dinner
Salmon, baked 4 ounces 233 Calories
Brown rice 1 1/2 cups 337 Calories
Broccoli, steamed 1 cup 52 Calories
Milk, fat-free 8 ounces 84 Calories
Lettuce salad with tomatoes and carrots 1 1/4 cups 16 Calories
Low-calorie Italian salad dressing 2 tablespoons 15 Cal. Walnuts
1/4 cup 196 Calories
Evening snack
Banana 105 Calories
Fig bars 110 Calories
Frozen yogurt, fat-free (not chocolate) 1 1/2 cups 285 Calories
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Total Calories for the day: 3,948
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During Michael Phelps’ run for 8 gold medals he
ate 12,000 calories a day. Here is his meal
regimen.
Breakfast: Three fried-egg sandwiches loaded
with cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, fried onions and
mayonnaise. Two cups of coffee. One five-egg
omelet. One bowl of grits. Three slices of French
toast topped with powdered sugar. Three
chocolate-chip pancakes.
Lunch: One pound of enriched pasta. Two large
ham and cheese sandwiches with mayo on white
bread. Energy drinks packing 1,000 calories.
Dinner: One pound of pasta. An entire pizza.
More energy drinks
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No Two people are going to have the same
Ideal Meal
◦ Factors
 Types of Activity
 Endurance Vs. Strength
 Athletes Body composition
 Type of Athletes
 Endurance (Marathon Runner, Swimmers, Etc)
 Strength (Sprinters, Power lifters, Etc)