Transcript Founding of Georgia’s

Founding of Georgia
SS8H2 The student will analyze the
colonial period of Georgia’s history.
A) Important people and reasons for settlement
B) The Trustee period
C) Development of Georgia as a Royal Colony
Use the following to analyze the next
slide in this power point
Observe- look carefully and describe what
you see
Reflect- analyze what you see and reflect
what it could mean
Question- decide if there is anything else
you should investigate
You just analyzed a print of Georgia’s first
settlement, Savannah. How did it start?
 James Oglethorpe and a group of trustees
where given a charter by King George II for this
new colony in 1732
 To provide safety for the port of Charleston from
the Spanish in Florida and French Louisiana
(defense)
 Provide economic gain for England by producing
raw materials (mercantilism)
 Become a colony for the worthy poor (charity)
Follow the link below to investigate
Georgia’s charter
• Establishing the Georgia Colony - For Teachers
(Library of Congress)
Oglethorpe’s translators had a trading post on the Savannah
River. See the link below for more information on John and
Mary Musgrove, Oglethorpe’s translators
http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/tdgh-jun/jun12.htm
Charter rules for the new colony
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4.
5.
No trading with Natives
No Hard Liquor (rum)
No Slavery
No Lawyers
No Catholics(Papists)
6. Must work your land, (home in Savannah, 5
acre garden plot on the edge of town and 45
acre farm in the country
7. Must plant mulberry trees
8. Must defend colony against all enemies
9. Must obey all regulations
10.Could not sell your land, or borrow against it
11.Could only pass their land to male heirs
In exchange for this, the trustees
promised to…
• Give each household 50 acres, more if they paid
their own passage (up to 500 acres)
• Give each settler tools to work the land
• Give each settler food for one year
• They (trustees) would not own land in the new
colony
• They (trustees) would not hold political office in
the new colony
• They would not personally profit from the new
colony
Silk worm and
Mulberry trees
• Who? Chief
Tomochichi and
his nephew,
Toonahawi
• Why? He gave
Oglethorpe
Yamacraw Bluff
to start the
settlement,
Savannah
Early settlers
• Salzburgers- Ebenezer and New Ebenezer
escaped religious persecution in Germany
• Highland Scots-Darien
helped defend the colony, great soldiers
• In 1733, Dr. Samuel Nunis and 41 other Jews
arrived in Savannah and helped the first settlers
survive a medical crisis
Would this be easy to clear and farm?
Must be able to defend the colony
Highland Scots of Darien
Battle of Bloody Marsh
• 1739 War of Jenkin’s Ear- between Spain and
Great Britain
• Tried to take St. Augustine in 1740
• Spanish troops came to St. Simons Island and
were surprised and forced back across the
Florida border by Oglethorpe and the Highland
Scots
• Spanish finally left for good
Malcontents
• Those settlers unhappy (discontent) with the
trustee’s restrictions called themselves
Malcontents
– Unhappy about not being able to grow hemp, flax,
indigo or grapes
– Unhappy with the economic hardships
– Unhappy with inheritance restrictions
– Wanted to sell land or own more than restrictions
allowed
– Some wanted slavery and hard liquor (rum)
End of Trustee Period
Beginning of Royal Colonial Period
• President of the colony, James Oglethorpe,
leaves colony in 1743
• Charter period begins to run out (20 yrs) 1752
• Trustees return Georgia’s authority back to the
crown
King George the II appoints several
royal governors.
John Reynolds
Created bicameral legislature, a court system and
helped the colony prosper
Captain Henry Ellis
consulted neighboring governor of SC for advice
and depended on wealthy citizens to lead colony
Last Royal Governor
James Wright
colony prospers with new settlers from SC and the
West Indies;
he believed in large farms;
rice and indigo become cash crops;
forts were made stronger;
agrees with the self-government program which Gov.
Reynolds started
Indigo
• Observe- look carefully and
describe what you see
• Reflect- analyze what you
see and reflect what it could
mean
• Question- decide if there is
anything else you should
investigate
Georgia Colony begins to prosper
• By 1760’s Georgia grows from 1 million acres of land
owned to 7 million
• Crops include rice and indigo as well as timber and naval
stores
• Many ports grow with ships arriving from other colonies
and countries
• Merchants bring various items to sell which could not be
grown or manufactured in GA
Review
• Georgia’s colonial period begins in 1732 with
the charter and is governed by the trustees
• James Oglethorpe, trustee, founder and first
president of the colony
• The last and 13th colony has a diverse group of
settlers
• Prosperity reaches Georgia, it has weathered
many hardships but with its farms and shipping
ports grows steadily