Transcript Slide 1

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Understand the following:
1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
2. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of
stability.
3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but this can be accompanied
by problems.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Any questions from last two nights’ homework?
video part II enlightenment
In packet complete p 2 and 3 with your group – any questions?
Complete p 3 part B.
Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension questions p 6 –
connect to middle east today – similarities and differences?
6. How do these events illustrate the above understandings?
7. Complete top of page 7
Beginning of Revolution –
Day 2
On the eve of Revolution
The Old RegimeFrance was still operating on an archaic social and political
system developed during the middle ages.
*The French people were in one of 3 categories, or Estates,
especially important in terms of wealth and the payment of
taxes.
*These Estates came under great pressure as France’s
economy crumbled, and the Government ran out of money.
The Old Regime, best represented by the absolutism of Louis
XIV (14th) required strong leadership.
** BUT Louis XVI (16th) was weak, pampered, uninterested
and indecisive
Intro and overview
I.
A. The First Estate (The Clergy)-
The Church formed this estate.
1. Owned 10% of the Land
2. Collected Tithes
3. Paid No Taxes
4. Bishops and Abbots
5. Run Social Services (Schools, etc)
6. Despise and reject the teachings of the Enlightenment
~The Wealthiest Estate
The Second Estate-
Made up of Rich Nobles. 2% of the Population, but controlled 25%
of the land. Paid very little in taxes.
1. Top Jobs in Government, Army, Courts, and Local
Churches.
2. Owned a lot of land, but had little actual income except from
feudal fees paid by peasants – some became very successful
businessmen as well.
3. Resent Royal Absolutism
~ Fear and resist paying Taxes
Third Estate
The Majority of the People. This Estate was made up of 98
percent of the People of France. 29 Million People.
1. Bourgeoisie – “Middle Class”- Bankers and
Merchants, Lawyers, Doctors, etc.
2. Peasants- 9 of 10 People
3. City Workers- The Poorest of the Poor.
- many of these people were unpaid yet still taxed.
~
This Estate paid the Heaviest Taxes. The Bourgeoisie
adopted the ideas of the Enlightenment and the others
resented the 1st and 2nd estates. They were ready for change.
Periodization of the
French Revolution
Stage 1
(Spring and
Summer of
1789)
• Meeting of
the EstatesGeneral
• Storming of
the Bastille
• The Great
Fear
Stage 2
(1789-1791)
Stage 3
(1791-1792)
Stage Four
(1792-1795)
Stage 5
(1795-1799)
II. Financial Crisis
A)
B)
C)
C)
D)
Deficit Spending- A Government Spending more than it makes.
Louis XIV (14th) made a huge debt- France had to actually
borrow money from other countries.
Louis XVI, with Marie Antoinette, ran up the debt further on
lavish royal stuff, and to pay for war against England
(American Revolution)
To solve problem- Proposal is to raise taxes, but on whom?
Crumbling Economy1) Economic Decline of 1770’s
2) Foreign Wars Costly ~ More Debt
3) Bad Harvests of 1780’s – the price of bread, the main
food skyrockets to unattainable levels.
-Hunger = Riots, manor houses attacked
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
Kings Louis XIV, XV, XVI
…from the “Ode to King Louis (14, 15, 16…)”
Louie Louie, oh no
U gotta go
Aye-yi-yi-yi,
I said
Louie Louie, oh baby
U gotta go

Financial Crisis, Cont.
E.
Failure of Reforms
1.
2.
Louis XV (15)- More Debt
Louis XVI (16)- Spiraling Debt out of control.
-Financing the American Revolution becomes the “straw
that breaks the camel’s back”
-Decides that financial reforms are necessary, hires Jacques
Necker as advisor.
- Necker was competent and skilled in finance
-Necker proposes reductions in spending and tariffs
-Also proposes Tax on the 1st and 2nd Estates~ They
call for him to be fired
Jacques Necker
…tax the rich, its okay, really…video part III
III. The King Takes Action
A)
B)
C)
Riots and Protests, and the demands of the 2nd Estate, force the King to call
the Estates General to Versailles.
The Cahiers (List of Grievances) – filed in Estates General on May 5, 1789
1)
Reforms, specifically in Taxes and Free Press
2)
Class Resentment – primarily because the vast majority (3rd Estate) had
no functional power in the Estates General
The National Assembly forms and the Tennis Court Oath1.
Only Property Owning members of the 3rd Estate Could Vote in the 3rd
Estate
2.
Focus on Financial fix and social reform
3.
Demanded that each individual vote count, no more block voting
4.
After weeks of Debate, they name themselves the National Assembly,
and claim that they represent the People, and the People should form
the Government and Laws.
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Understand the following:
1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
2. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of
stability.
3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but this can be accompanied
by problems.
1. Read p 5 and answer reading comprehension questions p 6 –
connect to middle east today – similarities and differences?
2. How do these events illustrate the above understandings?
3. Complete top of page 7 – the Storming the Bastille
1. Why is the storming of th eBatille the symbol for the
Revolution?
Continuing of Revolution –
Day 3
National Assembly, Cont.
4. The National Assembly is locked out of the Estates
General
~ They take the Tennis Court Oath- and vow to stay together
until they develop a Constitution for France.
5. Reform-minded Nobles and Clergy join the National Assembly.
6. Louis XVI (16) – Gathers Swiss Troops, orders them to
dissolve the National Assembly. Doesn’t happen. But how do
the people feel when seeing massing Swiss soldiers?
7. Louis 16 Hires/ Fires Necker
- during this time there are more food shortages and mounting
tension
IV. the Storming of the Bastille
A.
B.
C.
video 4
The Bastille was a fort and prison holding political
prisoners, and it also served as storage for weapons and
black powder.
Crowd Demands Weapons and Powder- Commander of the
Bastille opens fire on the crowd
The People storm the Bastille, break in and kill the
commander. Free only 5 Prisoners, but becomes the
symbol of the start of the revolution and a strike on
Tyranny.
~July 14th is “Bastille Day”, the French equivalent of our
“Independence Day”
Storming of The Bastille
Creating a new France
Revolts in Paris and Provinces
I.
-
Terrible Famine and massive unemployment
A. The Great Fear
1.
Rumors, caused by Famine and Fear
(attacks by marauders)
2.
Peasants attack Nobles- anger
B. Paris in Arms
1.
Various Groups try for Power
* Moderates
~Lafayette-leader
~National Guard- Fight Royal Troops
~Tri-Color
* Paris Commune (Radical)
~Demand end to monarchy
~Violent
~Spread Royal Rumors
II.
A)
End to special privilege - August 4, 1789
1)
B)
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
N.A. Nobles Vote to give up Privileges
Declaration of the Rights of Man – August 26, 1789
1. Modeled after U.S. Declaration of Independence
2. Government must protect people’s natural rights
3. All males are equal
4. People still starving
III. Women March on Versailles
~Paris to Versailles- Women want Bread
A) The Mob wants to “Wring ‘Her’ Neck”
1. They hate Queen- Extravagant
- Accused of Immorality
2. “Let them Eat Cake”- never said it- untrue
3. Demand that King goes to Paris
B) A Triumphant Procession
1. Louis XVI forced to wear the Tri-Color
2. Royal family moves to Tuileries Palace- “House Arrest”
“Let’s Get Her”
“Ms. Marie Antoinette, are you home, do you
want to come out and play?”
video 5
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Understand the following:
1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
2. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of
stability.
3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but this can be accompanied
by problems.
1. Any questions from last night’s homework?
2. Read complete 10-11 about the Declaration of Rights of Man
3. Complete 13 comparing the American and French Revolutions
continued
Continuing of Revolution –
Day 4
Periodization of the
French Revolution
Stage 1
(Spring and
Summer of
1789)
• Meeting of
the EstatesGeneral
• Storming of
the Bastille
• The Great
Fear
Stage 2
(1789-1791)
• National
Assembly
• Declaration
of the Rights
of Man
• Constitution
of 1791
Stage 3
(1791-1792)
Stage Four
(1792-1795)
Stage 5
(1795-1799)
The French “Tri-Color”
IV. A TIME FOR REFORM
~National Assembly
A)
Goes to Paris
Reorganizing the Church
1. National Assembly- took over church, sells
church land.
2. Civil Constitution of the Clergy- Ends Papal
Authority.
3. Priests Refuse
4. Causes problem with Peasants and people in
parishes-Church played important role in
their lives
A Republican Constitution
B)
Written Constitution
1. Wrote Constitution of 1791
- Limited Monarchy
- Legislative Assembly replaces the national
assembly with the power over Laws/Taxes/War
- All males have right to vote
- Provinces become 83 departments
- Privilege Propose free trade
- No unions allowed
C. The Fateful Flight
1. Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and son make a run for
it disguised
3. Former soldier recognizes the royal family
4. Brought back to Paris and treated as a traitor
V. Reaction Outside of France
A.
Widespread Fears
1. Increase Boarder Patrols
2. Told Horror stories by Emigres- nobles/clergy/
others who fled.
3. Edmund Burke- Predicted Violence
B.
Threats from Abroad
1. King of Prussia/ Emperor of Austria
2. Declaration of Pilnitz- intervene to protect the
Royal Family
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Understand the following:
1. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.
2. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of
stability.
3. New ideas and inventions create progress, but this can be accompanied
by problems.
1. Any questions from last night’s homework?
2. Complete packet pages 8-9
Reign of Terror – Day 5
Periodization of the
French Revolution
Stage 1
(Spring and
Summer of
1789)
• Meeting of
the EstatesGeneral
• Storming of
the Bastille
• The Great
Fear
Stage 2
(1789-1791)
• National
Assembly
• Declaration
of the Rights
of Man
• Constitution
of 1791
Stage 3
(1791-1792)
• Legislative
Assembly
• Emergence
of 3 political
groups
• September
Massacre
• War with
Europe
Stage Four
(1792-1795)
Stage 5
(1795-1799)
Radical Days of the National Convention
Robespierre
Jean Paul Marat
George Danton
Maximilien Robespierre
Video 5
Stages of the Revolution - video 6

Stages 3 (cont.)
Monarchies around Europe feared revolutionary ideas
may spread
 Austria states support for Louis XVI and threatened to
invade
 Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria

France now has domestic and foreign conflicts
 European Powers attack France, at first quite
successfully with the goal to end the Revolution and
restore the monarchy
 Armies are sent out of Paris to fight foreign enemies

Stages of the Revolution

Stage 3 (cont.)
 Radicals begin to dominate Legislative Assembly
 July 25, 1792: Radicals capture Louis XVI and
family and put in a stone tower in Paris
 Radicals take over Legislative Assembly
 Ends limited monarchy and Constitution of 1791
 Louis XVI deposed as king
 Legislative Assembly dissolved August 10, 1792
Radical days
I.
“Downfall of the Monarchy”
a. Outbreak of Violence
1. August 10, 1792- King’s guards slaughtered
2. Political Prisoners Killed due to fear of a counter-revolution
“September Massacres”
~Patriots or Savages
b. French Republic
1. Radicals form the “National Convention”
2. Suffrage- Right to vote for all males
3. Abolished Nobility – “Titles”
4. All people were to be called “Citizen”
Stages of the Revolution

Stage 3 (cont.)
 September
 French
Massacre (September 1792)
troops leaving Paris to fight Austrians
 Parisians fear less troops in Paris will allow captured
nobles to escape and regain control
 Radicals lead raid on imprisoned nobles and clergy
and kill 1000’s
Periodization of the
French Revolution
Stage 1
(Spring and
Summer of
1789)
• Meeting of
the EstatesGeneral
• Storming of
the Bastille
• The Great
Fear
Stage 2
(1789-1791)
• National
Assembly
• Declaration
of the Rights
of Man
• Constitution
of 1791
Stage 3
(1791-1792)
• Legislative
Assembly
• Emergence
of 3 political
groups
• September
Massacre
Stage Four
(1792-1795)
• National
Convention
• Reign of
Terror
• Committee
of Public
Safety
• Thermidorian
Reaction
Stage 5
(1795-1799)
VI. War at Home and Abroad
A.
B.
Legislative assembly dissolves
The Sans-Culottes
- Working Class People Make revolution more radical
1. Supported by the “Jacobins”- revolutionary political clubuse newspapers to their advantage
Revolutionary Groups
- From Right to Left of the Leg. Assembly1. Right - Conservatives - Reforms were enough
2. Center- Moderates - need to continue with more reforms
3. Left- Jacobins- Get rid of Monarchs - Radical
Stages of the Revolution
Radicals
Moderates
Conservatives
• Opposed the king and idea of a
monarchy; Proposed a Republic;
Used violence; Peasants,
intellectuals, urban working class
• Wanted some changes but not as
many as radicals; Believed power
should not be in the hands of the
masses; Bourgeoisie
• Upheld idea of limited monarchy;
Wanted few or no changes;
Bourgeoisie and some nobility
Radical Days

National Convention
 Takes
over after Legislative Assembly-September
21, 1792
 Made up of radical leaders from the Jacobin Club
led by the far left Mountain
 Supported
a REPUBLIC
Radical Days of the National Convention

National Convention
 Abolished monarchy and declared France a
REPUBLIC based on “LIBERTY, EQUALITY,
FRATERNITY”
 All
adult males could vote and hold office & Louis
XVI common citizen
 Citizen Army – Nationalism for France grows strong
 1792- First Coalition (made up of Great Britain,
Holland, Spain, Austria and Prussia) takes on
France
 National Convention holds a draft
 By 1794, 800,000 men and WOMEN fighting to
protect France
Radical days (cont.)
Death of a King and Queen
1. Louis XVI convicted of Treason
2. King and Queen were beheaded
The Convention under seige
~Declared war on those that they feared would support the
monarchy- England, Spain, Netherlands, Prussia
Jacobins v. Girondins in Convention
Robespierre
B.
C.
Maximillien Robespierre (Jacobin)
1. Lawyer- Leader of the Committee of Public Safety
2. Religious Tolerance
3. Popular with Sans-Culottes, Hates the Old Regime
Reign of Terror ~ July 7, 1793 – 1794
1. Organized by Robespierre
2. Hasty Trials- 40,000 Die
3. Mistaken ID/ False Accusations
4. Dr. Guillotin- Argues the “Axe is not accurate”
Dr. Guillotine and his Invention
The Reign of Terror

Guillotine
 Device
created by Dr.
Guillotin as a means to
an enlightened
execution without
prejudice
 How might the
guillotine be an
enlightened form of
execution?
The Reign of Terror

Execution of Louis
XVI-King of France
Executed January 21,
1793
 Said to have cried like
a baby as he climbed
the scaffolding
 Symbolic event
signifying the
emergence of a true
radical republic

Louis loses it! -
video 7
The Reign of Terror

Execution of George
Danton
A leader of National
Convention and close
friend and confidant
of Robespierre
 Executed by guillotine
in spring of 1794
 Considered not
RADICAL enough!

The Reign of Terror

Murder of Jean Paul
Marat
 Writer and publisher
of “The Friend of the
People”
 Murdered in his bath
tub on July 13, 1793
 Murdered by woman
that feared his ideas
too radical
 Wanted an end to
unnecessary violence
The Reign of Terror

Execution of Marie
Antoinette- Queen of
France –
 Executed on Oct. 16,
1793
 Was never liked by
the people of France
 Was executed as a
traitor for conspiring
against France with
her brother the
Emperor of Austria
video 8
Robespierre and the Committee of
Public Safety
– video 9
A)Committee of Public
Safety
1.Deal with Threats
to France
2.12 Men – Prepare
France for War
3. Armies invade
Netherlands and Italy
4. Crush the
Peasant Revolt
Radicals Too Radical?


How does this
cartoon depict the
“arms” of the
radicals?
By the people
represented in the
cartoon…what might
be the cartoonist’s
opinion of the
“radicals”?
The Reign of Terror – it ends
 Even
the Radicals had
enough
 National Convention
leaders secretly organize
the arrest and execution
of Robespierre
 July 24, 1794Thermodorian Reaction
– ending the reign of
terror
Max, have you lost your head?
End of National Convention



After Robespierre’s execution, National
Convention leaders rally to create a more
“moderate” government structure.
Convention remains in place until the new
structure is created and new members elected
This will become the 5th and final stage…
THE DIRECTORY
Periodization of the
French Revolution
Stage 1
(Spring and
Summer of
1789)
• Meeting of
the EstatesGeneral
• Storming of
the Bastille
• The Great
Fear
Stage 2
(1789-1791)
• National
Assembly
• Declaration
of the Rights
of Man
• Constitution
of 1791
Stage 3
(1791-1792)
• Legislative
Assembly
• Emergence
of 3 political
groups
• September
Massacre
Stage Four
(1792-1795)
• National
Convention
• Reign of
Terror
• Committee
of Public
Safety
• Thermidorian
Reaction
Stage 5
(1795-1799)
• Directory
• Coup d’etat
III. Reaction and the Directory
Moderates write Constitution of 1795
B.
The Directory is set up – 1795-1799
1. Dictatorial but weak
2. Suppress Bread Riots
3. Use Napoleon Bonaparte- Popular Military Hero
IV. Women in the Revolution
1. Rights
~ Olympe De Gouges- Declaration of the Rights of
Women
2. Setbacks
~ National Convention- Banned Women’s Political Clubs
A.
V. Changes in Daily Life – video 10 – end of Revolution
~ 10 years of major changes
A) Nationalism- an aggressive feeling of pride and devotion to
ones country
“La Marsillaise”- French National Anthem
B)
Social Reform
1.
Mandatory Elementary Education- State Run
2. Care for Poor, Old Soldiers, Old Widows
3. No Slavery in Colonies
4. Non Religious Calendar - 1793 was year 1
C)
Arts1. Grand- Classical- Rome
“Governments” of the Revolution
1789-1815
Monarchy~ King Louis XVI
National Assembly
Legislative Assembly
National Convention
Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre
The Directory
Napoleon
King Louis XVIII
Napoleon (100 Days)
Stages of the Revolution
1st Stage- 1789- 1792:
National Assembly
Storming the Bastille
Tennis Court Oath
Declaration of the Rights of Man
New Constitution
Limited Monarchy
Great Fear
Legislative Assembly
Stages of the Revolution
Stage 2- 1792-1794:
Execution of the King and Queen
Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre
Reign of Terror
Republic *
Execution of Robespierre