Transcript In the middle of what?

In the middle of what?
II. Rise of Feudalism
• A. feudalism – a system of
government in which land is
exchanged for loyalty and services
*king gave land to lords
*lords granted a fief to a vassal
*serfs – the lowest class
B. Social class inherited
C. Chivalry – code of conduct for knights
D. Manor (ial) system created a self-sufficient community
*peasants paid taxes to lord
*peasants paid tithe (tenth of their produce) to Church
Characteristics of Manor
• produced their own food,
clothing, and shelter
• varied in size, depending on their
lord’s wealth
• every noble had at least one
manor (sometimes more)
• serfs, also known as peasants,
work the land (bound to the land)
• lord protected the serfs from
attacks by outsiders (lords had
almost complete power over serfs)
• lords could pass laws, require
labor, and act as judges
Create a graphic organizer that
illustrate 5 differences that existed
between Roman and Medieval
(Middle Ages) societies.
Western sphere was
hodgepodge of looselyorganized kingdoms that
became even more fragmented
and decentralized as time went
on
IV. Economic Transition
• A. in 11th and 12th
centuries – change
from agricultural base
to cities and trade
• B. commercial
capitalism – invest in
trade goods to make a
profit
• C. guilds – business
associations for
craftspeople
Guilds
• Guild (Master Craftsman)-a medieval
association of merchants or craftsmen
• Apprentice (5 to 7 yrs)-young boy
(10 yrs old) sent to live with a
master craftsman, no pay but
room and board.
• Journeyman – assisted a master
craftsman until he created his own
“masterpiece” and presented it to
the guild
FAMILY LIFE
• Depended on the season
• Different Duties and
activities associated
with it, such as planting
season, harvest time,
slaughtering livestock,
etc…
Family Life
Examine the photographs below:
What characteristics make these two buildings alike? How are they
different?
Cathedral Notre Dame, Paris-France
Interior
Ancient Rome and the Rise of
Christianity
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Christianity
-Early on in Pax Romana, a
new religion, Christianity
emerged in a distant corner of
the Empire
- Many different religions
in the empire
-By 63 B.C., Romans had
conquered Judea where most
Jewish people lived.
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Christianity
• Romans allowed Jewish people
to worship their one god
• Many Jews reluctantly lived
under Roman rule, however,
some wanted a revolt against
Rome and believed a messiah
would come to lead their
people to freedom
Jesus
-Born in 4 B.C. in Bethlehem
-worshipped God and followed Jewish law
-at 30 began preaching to villagers, used parables-short
stories with simple moral lessons to communicate his
ideas
-Recruited 12 disciples to help him spread his ideas,
called apostles, in Jerusalem
-Some Jews in Jerusalem welcomed Jesus, many of the
priests felt he threatened their leadership
-Roman authorities felt Jesus would lead the Jews in a
revolt against their rule
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Death of Jesus
-According to the gospels,
Jesus was betrayed by one
of his disciples, arrested by
the Romans, and killed by
crucifixion-a person was
bound to a cross and left to
die
-Rumors then spread that
Jesus had not died but had
risen from death and
commanded his disciples to
spread his teachings
-After the disciples reported
he ascended into heaven
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Christianity Spreads
-Followers called Christians
-Disciples preach the messages
of Christianity throughout the
Roman world
-Peter established Christianity
in Rome itself
-Paul played the most
influential role in spreading He spread Christianity
throughout the
Christianity
Mediterranean
-His letters became part of
the New Testament in the
Bible
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Christians Oppressed
• Romans were not tolerant towards Christians because:
• they refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices
• they refused to worship Roman gods to protect the
state
• Christians were used as scapegoats, blamed for social
and economic problems
•Many Christians became martyrs- or people who suffer or
die for their beliefs
•However, Christianity continued to spread due to the fact
that all people were welcome
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Early Christian Church
-Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313.
-The Edict granted
freedom of
worship to all
citizens of the
Roman empire
-By the end of the century, Emperor Theodosius made
Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire
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The Christian
Clergy
Structure
of the
Church
Pope/Patriarch
Bishop
Diocese
Priest
+
Community
Bishop
Diocese
Priest
+
Community
Bishop
Diocese
Priest
+
Community
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V. Authority of the Church
• A. priests governed by bishops who were
governed by the Pope
• B. church controlled the people
• *excommunication
• *interdict
C. challenges
*practice of lay investiture
*at the Concordat of Worms(1122)
dispute settled
*Frederick I claimed control of the Holy
Roman Empire
The Crusades “war of the cross”
The Crusades and the Catholic Church
• Crusades – “holy wars” against Muslims
• Seljuk Turks took control of the “Holy
Land” (Jerusalem) and drove out Christian
pilgrims
• 1095, Pope Urban II received a plea from
the Byzantine Emperor for help against
Muslim invaders. Urban then called for all
Christian to UNITE and fight a holy
Crusade.
Effects of the Crusades
• Europeans came together for a common cause.
• The exchange of new ideas and products such as zero in mathematics, silk,
rice, spices, coffee, perfumes, rugs ….
• Increased trade
• Growth of intolerance/lead to the Christians persecution of Jews and
Muslims as well as to the Muslim persecution of Christians.
• Education- est. of Colleges and
Universities (1st university in
Bologna, Italy)
• Wool Industry and Trading“money economy”
• City Life – many lords granted
charters
VII. Black Death
• A. began in Asia
• B. carried by ships to cities
in Italy and France in 1347
• C. bubonic plague carried
by rats and passed on
through fleas
• D. almost 25 million died
• E. consequences:
• 1. Trade declined
• 2. Labor force
declined
• 3. Agriculture
suffered
• 4. Anti-Semitism
erupted
Write a summary paragraph that
explains the ways in which today’s
world reflects the Roman world or the
Middle Ages.