Transcript Slide 1

Brazil’s innovation and research
strategy models as drivers for development:
Achievements, Problems and Challenges
The 16th Conference of
China Association for Science and Technology
Kunming, Yunnan, China
May 23, 2014
Helena Nader – President
Presented by: Aldo Malavasi - General Secretary
Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science – SBPC
Evolution of Brazilian graduate programs and
research achievements
“Between 1997 and 2007 the number of Brazilian
papers in indexed, peer-reviewed journals more than
doubled to 19,000 a year.
Brazil now ranks 13th in publications, according
to Thomson Reuters, having surpassed the
Netherlands, Israel, and Switzerland.
Brazil's universities awarded twice as many Ph.D.s this
year as they did in 2001, and thousands of new
academic jobs have opened up on 134 new federal
campuses.”
(Science, Dec. 3, 2010)
Scientific Papers
Brazil, Latin America and the World
Science 330:1306, 2010
Published Papers in ISI indexed
Journals 2013
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Country
USA
CHINA
GERMANY
ENGLAND
JAPAN
FRANCE
CANADA
ITALY
SPAIN
AUSTRALIA
INDIA
SOUTH KOREA
BRAZIL
NETHERLANDS
RUSSIA
TAIWAN
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY
IRAN
SWEDEN
Papers
378.625
219.281
102.271
94.660
78.447
70.732
62.804
61.963
55.096
53.296
51.660
51.051
38.523
37.570
29.077
27.699
27.325
25.510
25.415
24.416
% of total papers in the
world
27,0
15,6
7,3
6,8
5,6
5,0
4,5
4,4
3,9
3,8
3,7
3,6
2,7
2,7
2,1
2,0
1,9
1,8
1,8
1,7
Source: Thomson Reuters. InCites, 2014.
Brazil’s published papers according to the area
of knowledge (2009-2013)
Nr.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Areas
Clinical Medicine
Plant & Animal Science
Agricultural Sciences
Chemistry
Physics
Social Sciences, General
Biology & Biochemistry
Engineering
Environment/Ecology
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Neuroscience & Behavior
Materials Science
Molecular Biology & Genetics
Mathematics
Immunology
Microbiology
Geosciences
Psychiatry/Psychology
Computer Science
Space Science
Economics & Business
Multidisciplinary
Papers
36.354
21.269
19.849
13.697
11.370
9.288
8.223
7.862
5.951
5.510
5.349
4.912
4.171
3.724
3.520
3.344
3.267
2.457
2.168
1.563
1.238
249
Citations
139.779
45.504
33.856
57.883
68.297
15.140
34.775
23.691
24.120
20.297
28.837
16.973
21.911
6.207
20.175
13.946
13.411
8.417
5.212
11.637
1.587
3.007
Impact
3,8
2,1
1,7
4,2
6,0
1,6
4,2
3,0
4,1
3,7
5,4
3,5
5,3
1,7
5,7
4,2
4,1
3,4
2,4
7,4
1,3
12,1
% world
3,1
6,6
11,0
1,9
2,1
2,4
2,6
1,6
3,2
3,2
2,3
1,6
2,1
2,0
3,1
3,7
1,8
1,4
1,5
2,3
1,1
2,0
Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.
Published papers from Brazil, Latin America and the
world according to the areas of knowledge (2013)
Nr.
Área
1 Agricultural Sciences
2 Clinical Medicine
3 Pharmacology & Toxicology
4 Neuroscience & Behavior
5 Molecular Biology & Genetics
6 Materials Science
7 Plant & Animal Science
8 Psychiatry/Psychology
9 Chemistry
10 Computer Science
11 Multidisciplinary
12 Microbiology
13 Social Sciences, General
14 Biology & Biochemistry
15 Physics
16 Immunology
17 Mathematics
18 Environment/Ecology
19 Engineering
20 Economics & Business
21 Geosciences
22 Space Science
Brazil
4.010
7.567
1.123
1.195
1.016
1.113
4.779
547
3.063
568
83
772
1.767
1.822
2.503
831
838
1.461
1.814
279
736
367
Latin
America
5.736
11.049
1.811
2.008
1.730
1.986
8.611
988
5.738
1.066
156
1.453
3.337
3.488
4.828
1.619
1.731
3.306
4.175
694
1.965
1.417
World
37.811
256.699
36.538
50.097
42.814
73.553
66.493
38.018
155.999
34.245
3.602
19.486
81.514
68.967
112.940
24.375
40.573
43.234
114.456
24.296
42.336
13.900
Brasil relative to
Latin America (%)
69,9
68,5
62,0
59,5
58,7
56,0
55,5
55,4
53,4
53,3
53,2
53,1
53,0
52,2
51,8
51,3
48,4
44,2
43,4
40,2
37,5
25,9
Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.
Percentage of Brazil’s published papers
according to the area of knowledge with respect
to the world production (2009 to 2013)
Nº
Areas
1 Agricultural Sciences
2 Plant & Animal Science
3 Microbiology
4 Immunology
5 Environment/Ecology
6 Pharmacology & Toxicology
7 Clinical Medicine
8 Biology & Biochemistry
9 Space Science
10 Neuroscience & Behavior
11 Molecular Biology & Genetics
12 Multidisciplinary
13 Physics
14 Social Sciences, General
15 Mathematics
16 Chemistry
17 Geosciences
18 Computer Science
19 Engineering
20 Materials Science
21 Psychiatry/Psychology
22 Economics & Business
% Brasil in world scientific published papers
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
11,0
10,9
11,6
10,8
10,6
6,2
6,4
6,5
6,7
7,2
3,6
3,3
3,7
3,9
4,0
2,7
3,1
3,0
3,2
3,4
2,8
3,1
3,4
3,2
3,4
3,5
3,1
3,3
3,2
3,1
3,0
3,1
3,2
3,1
2,9
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,6
2,6
1,9
2,6
2,3
2,2
2,6
2,5
2,3
2,2
2,3
2,4
1,9
2,1
2,1
2,2
2,4
1,5
1,3
2,1
2,3
2,3
2,0
1,9
2,0
2,3
2,2
2,4
2,4
2,5
2,7
2,2
1,8
2,0
2,1
1,9
2,1
1,9
1,9
1,8
1,9
2,0
1,7
1,8
1,9
1,7
1,7
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,7
1,6
1,5
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,6
1,4
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,5
1,3
1,5
1,4
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,1
1,1
Fonte: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.
Achievements
Brazilian leadership in S&T&I
• Aerospace (airplane industry # 4 world)
• Agriculture (orange, soybeans, sugarcane, tropical fruits and
cereals)
• Animal production (cattle, pig and poultry)
• Automation: banks (before Internet); elections (results in
few hours)
• Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel)
• Cellulose and Paper Industry
• Insect biological control
• Oil production in very deep water
• Tropical diseases and Public Health
Highlights on
Brazilian Science Production
The basis of Brazilian scientific research is heavily
oriented to agriculture, ecology and infectious
diseases.
Brazil is world leader in papers related to sugar,
coffee and orange. The cattle industry produces 33% of
the cattle embryos in the world.
The
research in these areas is growing steadily
enough in order to put Brazil in a good position to
approach the global concerns with food security,
climate change and conservancy.
World Ranking of published papers and
citations (1996 – 2012 SCImago)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Country
United States
China
United Kingdom
Germany
Japan
France
Canada
Italy
Spain
India
Australia
Russian Federation
South Korea
Netherlands
Brazil
Taiwan
Switzerland
Sweden
19 Poland
20 Turkey
Documents
Citable documents
Citations
Self-Citations
Citations/
Document
H index
7.063.329
2.680.395
1.918.650
1.782.920
1.776.473
1.283.370
993.461
959.688
759.811
750.777
683.585
586.646
578.625
547.634
461.118
398.720
395.703
375.891
6.672.307
2.655.272
1.763.766
1.704.566
1.734.289
1.229.376
946.493
909.701
715.452
716.232
643.028
579.814
566.953
519.258
446.892
389.411
377.016
361.569
129.540.193
11.253.119
31.393.290
25.848.738
20.347.377
17.870.597
15.696.168
12.719.572
8.688.942
4.528.302
9.338.061
3.132.050
4.640.390
10.050.413
3.362.480
3.259.864
7.714.443
6.810.427
62.480.425
6.127.507
7.513.112
6.852.785
6.073.934
4.151.730
3.050.504
2.976.533
2.212.008
1.585.248
2.016.394
938.471
1.067.252
1.701.502
1.151.280
790.103
1.077.442
1.104.677
20,45
6,17
18,29
16,16
12,11
15,60
18,50
15,26
13,89
7,99
16,73
5,52
10,55
21,25
10,09
10,41
22,69
20,11
1.380
385
851
740
635
681
658
588
476
301
514
325
333
576
305
267
569
511
346.611
339.712
2.441.439
652.956
8,25
302
306.926
291.814
1.935.431
519.675
8,24
210
http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
World Ranking of published papers
and citations (2012 - SCImago)
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Country
Switzerland
Netherlands
United States
Sweden
Canada
United Kingdom
Australia
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Poland
Turkey
India
China
Russian Federation
Documents
Citable
documents
Citations
Self-Citations
Citations/
Document
H index
395.703
547.634
7.063.329
375.891
993.461
1.918.650
683.585
1.782.920
1.283.370
959.688
759.811
1.776.473
578.625
398.720
461.118
346.611
306.926
750.777
2.680.395
586.646
377.016
519.258
6.672.307
361.569
946.493
1.763.766
643.028
1.704.566
1.229.376
909.701
715.452
1.734.289
566.953
389.411
446.892
339.712
291.814
716.232
2.655.272
579.814
7.714.443
10.050.413
129.540.193
6.810.427
15.696.168
31.393.290
9.338.061
25.848.738
17.870.597
12.719.572
8.688.942
20.347.377
4.640.390
3.259.864
3.362.480
2.441.439
1.935.431
4.528.302
11.253.119
3.132.050
1.077.442
1.701.502
62.480.425
1.104.677
3.050.504
7.513.112
2.016.394
6.852.785
4.151.730
2.976.533
2.212.008
6.073.934
1.067.252
790.103
1.151.280
652.956
519.675
1.585.248
6.127.507
938.471
22,69
21,25
20,45
20,11
18,50
18,29
16,73
16,16
15,60
15,26
13,89
12,11
10,55
10,41
10,09
8,25
8,24
7,99
6,17
5,52
569
576
1.380
511
658
851
514
740
681
588
476
635
333
267
305
302
210
301
385
325
http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php
Highlights on
Brazilian Science Production
Innovation in the World
Global Innovations Index
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
30
35
39
40
52
56
60
63
64
142
Country
Switzerland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Netherlands
United States of America
Finland
Hong Kong (China)
Singapore
Denmark
Ireland
Canada
Luxembourg
Iceland
Israel
Germany
Norway
New Zealand
Korea, Republic of
Australia
France
Slovenia
China
Costa Rica
Lithuania
Uruguay
Argentina
Colombia
Mexico
Brazil
Yemen
Score
66.6
61.4
61.2
61.1
60.3
59.5
59.4
59.4
58.3
57.9
57.6
56.6
56.4
56.0
55.8
55.6
54.5
53.3
53.1
52.8
47.3
44.7
41.5
41.4
38.1
37.7
37.4
36.8
36.3
19.3
Percentage Rank
92.1
61.7
58.1
82.2
39.7
53.1
23.4
14.8
45.3
60.2
52.4
77.3
79.4
73.7
72.3
43.2
36.8
33.3
18.0
56.0
51.0
90.7
94.3
26.2
68.7
86.0
44.6
60.9
51.7
12.7
Cornell University,INSEAD,and
WIPO (2013): The Global
Innovation Index 2013: The
Local Dynamics of Innovation,
Geneva, Ithaca,and
Fontainebleau.
The Framework of Global
Innovation Index 2014
Cornell University, INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index
2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.
Cornell University, INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index
2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.
Chalenges:
Number of Researchers
Fonte: UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010
Chalenges: number of scientists or engineers
Natural Sciences and Engineering, per selected region / countries:
2008 or last available data
Source: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2012
The fourth age of research
J. Adams, Nature 497: 557-60, 2014
Problems to be solved




Continuous public budget cuts on the financing
sources allocated to Science, Technology and
Innovation.
Low investments from the private sectors.
Backwardness on basic education, particularly in
high school level, which directly affects the quality of
learning processes at universities, and consequently,
scientific productivity.
Lack of English proficiency that makes
internationalization a difficult task to accomplish.
Challenges (1) – Efforts on Education





Although great efforts have been undertaken in order to
promote great advancements on graduate programs in the
past 30 years, there is a large distortion among Brazilian
regions
To continue the expansion policy of the national graduate
educational system.
Duplicate in 5 years the number of Physics and Chemistry
teachers .
Duplicate in 10 years the number of undergraduate courses
in engineering, physics, chemistry and in the areas of
pharmacology and drugs
A strong policy to enhance the quality of engineering and
exact sciences
Challenges (2) stronger policies



Solid policies and investments to enhance technology
and innovation, which result in jobs and wealth.
Continuous growth of scientific production.
Higher number of registered and licensed patents,
start-ups, among others related to technology and
innovation.
Global Scenario
Towards a new contract between Science and Society
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Science is in transition
Communication and Education
Scientific literacy
North-South issues
Economy for Sustainable Development
Science Policy, Ethics in Science and Scientific
Integrity
7. Integrating Issues of Science and Society
8. Office of Government Relations
Investments in Science, Technology and Innovation
are priority in times of economic crisis
1. The investments in S,T&I are essential for the sustainable
development of nations and should be promoted as the best
response to economic crisis.
Science education contributes to democracy and
the political agenda of nations
1. Science education of the population and the popularization
of science should be encouraged, enlarging and
encouraging scientists to participate in this process; and
2. The use of new information technologies should be made
available globally, stimulating initiatives that contribute to
"education beyond school."
XXI Century encompasses great challenges for science
1. It should be encouraged, through international organizations
and binational and multinational agreements, the formation of
networks of international scientific collaboration within a
multidisciplinary perspective to address challenges common to
many regions of the planet;
2. Alongside the scientific activity directed to these great
challenges, it must be promoted innovation in economics and
public administration, social inclusion and the promotion of a
culture of peace for reducing violence; and
3. The research frontier, result of human curiosity, should be
strengthened and expanded globally, even though it that does
not produce obvious applications in the present: the history of
science shows that scientific and technological revolutions arise
from this type of research.
Thank you