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Gustave Courbet 1819-1877
Gustave Courbet was born to a prosperous
farming family in Ornans, France. In 1841 he
went to Paris to study law, but he soon decided
to study painting and learned by copying the
pictures of master artists. In 1844 he exhibited his
self-portrait, Courbet with a Black Dog.
Courbet's realism and truthful portrayal of
ordinary places and people went against the taste
of art critics and the public who were accustomed
to pretty pictures that made life look better than
it was. When his painting, The Artist's Studio, was
refused for an important exhibition, he displayed
his work himself near the exhibition hall.
A Thicket of Deer at the Stream of Plaisir
Georges Seurat 1859-1891
The Circus
Born in Paris on December 2,1859, died in March 1891.
He was not married, but had a girlfriend named Madeleine
Knoblock who was a model. In February, 1890 she gave
birth to their son in the studio. Seurat legally
acknowledged the child and gave him his own Christian
names in reverse.
He liked to paint on big canvases using pointillism.
When he was 31 years old, he died of meningitis. Georges
never told his family about his son until 2 days before his
death.
Les Poeuses
Henri Matisse 1869-1954
1916
Henri Matisse has been referred to as
“One of the most important French painters
of the 20th century.” In the beginning
of his career as an artist he was the leader of
the Fauvist Movement (Fauvist meaning Wild Beasts).
This was a style of painting that “focused on pure colors
used in an aggressive and direct manner.”
Throughout his career, his style
changed, but he maintained his commitment to art
well into his eighties when his body had been taken
over by cancer. At this late age, he invented ‘Papercuttings,’ for
which he is well known.
Matisse had a talent for taking advantage of the relationship
between color and shape, this
helped earn him the name, “Master of Color.”
Baigneuse au Collier
A Glimpse of Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon 1902
Edouard Manet 1832-1883
Le Chemin de Fer 1872-73
Edouard Manet was born in France. When he was 12
years old his father sent him to study law. Manet’s
father objected to art as a job and considered him lazy
for avoiding a ‘real’ career. Later, he developed a
liking for art. His father would no longer pay for his
law classes.
Edouard didn’t want to go to school to study art, so
he studied with an artist for 6 years.
1856, he opened his own studio.
He is known as “ Father of Impressionism “
He died of a nerve disease in 1883.
On The Beach 1873
Young Girl on
the threshold
of the Garden
at Bellevue
1880
Pierre Bonnard 1867-1947
Le Fenetre Ouverte
Pierre Bonnard was born in 1867, in
Fontenayaux-Roses, France.
In 1885, he enrolled into law school to
please his father, but because his passion was
painting, he devoted all his free time to
creating beautiful paintings and prints.
Pierre Bonnard died in 1947.
Marine
Paysage Du
Cannet
Edgar Degas 1834-1917
aux Courses en Province
(At the Races in the Country),
1872
Degas was born into a well-to-do banking family on July 19,
1834, in Paris. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts under
a disciple of the famous French classicist J. A. D. Ingres,
where Degas developed the great drawing ability that was to
be a salient characteristic of his art. After 1865, under the
influence of the budding Impressionist movement, he gave
up academic subjects to turn to contemporary themes.
Unlike the Impressionists, he preferred to work in the studio
and was uninterested in the study of natural light that
fascinated them. He was attracted by theatrical subjects, and
most of his works depict racecourses, theaters, cafés, music
halls, or boudoirs.
He died in Paris on September 27, 1917
Vincent Van Gogh 1853-1890
Corridor in the Asylum 1889
Van Gogh was not ready to accept his truthful and emotionally
morbid way of depicting his art subjects. His internal storm is
clearly seen in most of his paintings. It is what set the stage and
direction for a new style of painting called Expressionism. It’s
characterized by the use of symbols and a style that expressed the
artist's inner feelings about his subject.
After living with his prostitute for 2 years, Van Gogh ended
up once again living by himself. Theo, his brother, gave him
an allowance of 100 francs a month.
When he finally moved into a house of his own he had
another painter named Paul live with him. One night when
Paul had gone out, Van Gogh followed and threatened him
with a knife. When he got home, he felt guilty, so he took a
razor and cut his ear off, latter sending it to his ex-prostitute
as a gift.
In Vincent Van Gogh's own words, "What lives in art and is
eternally living, is first of all the painter, and then the
painting."
The Potato Eaters
“Starry Night Over The Rhone”
Paul Cezanne 1879-1882
The Old Gardener 1906
Cezanne was born at Aix-en-Provence in the south of
France on Jan. 19, 1839. He went to school in Aix, forming a close
friendship with novelist Emile Zola. He studied law from 1859-1861
but at the same time he continued attending drawing classes.
Against his father’s wishes he made up his mind that he wanted to
paint and joined Zola in 1861.
During 1864-1869 he submitted his work to the
official SALON and saw it consistently rejected. Cezanne then
entered three phases; Romantic period, Constructive,
and finally he started to concentrate on still life.
On October 15, Cezanne collapsed after being struck by a
thunderbolt. He came down with pneumonia, and died
on October 22, 1906 in his home on the rue d'Aragon
attended by his sister Marie.
Still Life with Compotier
1870-1882
Apples and Oranges
1899
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