Transcript Chapter 35
Chapter 35 The Impact of World War II on America 1 • By rationing scarce gods, the government could assure the military the materials and supplies needed to defend the nation. For example, limiting the consumption of gasoline at home ensured that military vehicles would get the fuel they needed. The War Production Board was charged with transforming American industry into war manufacturers such as the automobile companies into tank and airplane engine producers. Executive Order 9066 declared that large military zones could be established to detain resident who were believed to be a threat to security. This was aimed at people of Japanese ancestry. The federal government’s huge demand for military supplies revived the economy, increasing productivity , employment, and incomes. During the New Deal, the government had taken an active role in the economy : now it expanded that role. 2 • The purchase of war savings bonds helped finance the war effort and made Americans feel as though they were personally doing their part to support the defense of the nation. Women’s Army Corps allowed them to serve in the military in support and clerical units for the first time in American history. 3 • Discrimination lessened somewhat, although racism and ethnic prejudice continued to be a major problem in the United States. In this regard the Japanese nationals, as well as American citizens of Japanese ancestry, suffered the most. Korematsu v. United States was a Supreme Court case which challenged the legality of the Federal Government to detain American Citizens of Japanese Ancestry. The court ruled that Civil Rights can be set aside during a time of war. Double V Campaign Was a civil rights movement led by African Americans to win democracy abroad against the axis and at home against prejudice and segregation. Zoot Suit Riots Were when mobs of servicemen roamed Los Angeles Barrios to attack Hispanics who wore a particular fashion which symbolized possible gang relations. War Refugee Board was established in 1944 to arrange for the relocation of Jewish people in the war zones to safe areas in Italy and Africa. 4 • Both men and women served in the military, among them the Japanese Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans and Jewish Americans. After enduring a difficult training period, many soldiers gave their lives for their country. Others suffered the hardships of combat, including the physical, mental, and emotional wounds of battleTuskegee Airmen were some of the first black soldiers allowed to serve in combat units. They were pilots who racked up awards for service and valor. An all-volunteer Japanese American combat unit fought with special bravery in battle. It earned more medals than any other unit of its size in American history.