Transcript Grammar - tnschools.gov.in

GOVT. OF TAMILNADU
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION
BRIDGE COURSE 2011-2012
CLASS VIII – ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns
Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
KINDS OF NOUNS
Common Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Possessive
boy’s
girl’s
Proper Nouns
John
Mary
Plural Nouns
boys
girls
Plural Possessive
boys’
girls’
EVERY SENTENCE MUST HAVE
a
KINDS OF VERBS

Action verbs express
mental or physical
action.
He rode the horse to
victory.

Linking verbs make a
statement by
connecting the subject
with a word that
describes or explains
it.
He has been sick.
Verb is a word which expresses action or being.
 A linking verb joins the subject and predicate of a
sentence.
examples of linking verbs:
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
example of a linking verb in a sentence:
Jamie was at the park.

A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more n
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Answers these question
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a woollen sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questio
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how
Interrogative
Adverbs
introduce questions
How did you break
your leg?
How often
do you run?
Where did you put
the mouse trap?
EXAMPLES







She moved quietly. (Manner and tell how)
I waited there for an hour. (Place and tell where)
You may leave soon. (Time, tells when)
I called you once. (Number, tells how many)
He sat very still. (Degree, tells how much)
When will you return?
How is the trunk being sent?
A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun
or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentenc
as a noun. The word or word group that the
preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby tellin
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition
never stands alone
object of
prepositio
preposition object
You can press those leaves under glass.
can have more than
one object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good ne
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.
Some Common Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
into
like
of
off
on
over
past
since
through
throughou
to
toward
under
underneat
until
up
upon
with
within
without
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE RIGHT WORDS
CHOOSING FROM THE WORDS GIVEN IN
BRACKETS








The kings ____________ was away by the angry
courtiers. (thrown; throne)
The soldier drew his ___________ . (sword; soared)
The boy __________ a pencil away. (through; threw)
The rabbit could not push its body through the little
__________. (whole; hole)
The sailor took the boat and went ____________ to the
island. (strait; straight)
Since the tourists slept long they could not enjoy the
_______ in the morning. (missed; mist)
The old lady was very _________. (week; weak)
He went to join a __________ in a university.
(course/coarse)
1. STATEMENT
HE SAID
HE SAID TO ME
HE TOLD ME
THAT
REPORTED WORDS
STATEMENT EXAMPLE
 DIRECT

They said to me: “we are
going to visit Borobudur
tomorrow.”

Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to
school today.

Anne told Agus: “My father
got angry with me last night.
 INDIRECT

They said to me that
they were going to
visit Borobudur the
following day.

Jeffry said that he
hadn’t gone to school
that day.
Anne told Agus that
her father had got
angry with her the
night before.

HE ASKED ME
HE TOLD ME
TO
INFIVITIVE
COMMAND EXAMPLE
INDIRECT
 DIRECT

The teacher asked me:
Open your book page 65!”

Siska asked Manu: “give
me a piece of paper”!


“Ronny told him: “call me
tonight!


The teacher asked me
to open my book page
65.
Siska asked Manu to
give her a piece of
paper.
Ronny told him to call
him that night.
HE ASKED ME
IF/WHETHER
S + V + COMPLEMENT
B.
WH- QUESTION EXAMPLE
INDIRECT
 DIRECT

The girl asked me: “Where
Do you come from?”

My father asked my
brother: “Why did you
arrive at home late last
night?”

Handy asked the girl:
“what is your favorite
movie star?

The girl asked me
where I came from.

My father asked my
brother why he had
arrived at home late
the night before

Handy asked the girl
what her favorite
movie star was
COMPOSITION
POETRY COMPREHENSION
There lived a sage in days of yore
 And he a handsome pigtail wore;
 But wondered much, and sorrowed more,
 Because it hung behind him.

He mused upon this curious case,
 And swore he’d change the pigtail’s place
 And have it hanging at his face,
 Not dangling there behind him.

Says he, “The mystery, I’ve found - I’ll turn me round” -- he turned him around;
 But still it hung behind him.

Then round, and round, and out and in,
 All day the puzzled sage did spin;
 In vain -- it mattered not a pin- The pigtail hung behind him.

And right and left, and round about,
 And up and down, and in and out,
 He turned; but still the pigtail stout
 Hung steadily behind him.

And though his efforts never slack,
 And though he twist, and twirl, and tack,
 Alas! Still faithful to his back,

QUESTIONS
Why was the sage sad?
 How did he plan to solve his problem?
 Describe his efforts to achieve his goal.
 Did the sage finally succeed? Why?
 Pick out the words of movement in this poem.

LETTER WRITING


The recent rains have really damaged the roads
in your area. Write a letter of complaint to the
editor of ‘The Mail,’ asking him to publish your
letter in his newspaper.
You are a family of twelve members. You have
recently moved into a new house in Anna Nagar.
Place an order for a few basic needs from
‘Madarsha Textiles’, Chennai.
STORY TELLING – TESTING OF ORAL SKILL
Here is the beginning of a story. Develop it into
an interesting story in about 200 words. Give a
suitable title:
Alice woke up that cold winter morning and
looked out of the window ……………………….

PLEASE DESCRIBE AND COMMENT ON THE
SITUATION IN THE PICTURE BELOW
STORY TELLING – TESTING OF ORAL SKILL
TESTING OF VOCABULARY SKILL
COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION
COMPOSITION
FLYING A KITE NEAR OVERHEAD POWER LINES
Question:
 Why is this not a good place to fly a kite?
Discussion:
 What are the dangers of flying a kite near overhead
power lines?
 If the girl in the picture let go of her kite and it
became entangled in the overhead power lines,
 what should she do?
Activity:
 Draw and discuss what might happen next.
 If the girl was hurt, what would you do?
 If you saw someone playing with a kite near overhead
power lines, what would you do?
OVERHEAD POWER LINES
Question:
 What do these pieces of equipment do?
Discussion:
 Why are overhead power lines dangerous?
 How would you keep yourself and others safe if
you were here?
 What activities are dangerous to do near
overhead power lines?
Activity:
 Write a do’s and don’ts list to help someone else
stay safe near overhead power lines.
EXPAND THE FOLLOWING PROVERBS IN
ABOUT 150 WORDS

All that glitters is not gold.

Empty vessels make the most noise.