Transcript Aim: What events led to the start of the Cold War in Asia?

Aim: What events led to the
start of the Cold War in Asia?
Objective
 Student will be able to describe the steps taken by
the United States to stop the spread of communism.
3. Trouble in the Far East
 There was also trouble in the Far East.
 Just like in Western Europe, the United States also
tried to stop the spread of communism in Asia.
 The spread of communism led the United States to
get into conflict with the Soviet Union in Asia as well
as in Europe.
Question 1
 What was the major problem that the United States
had in Asia?
3.1 Communism in China
 Communism had made great inroads into China,
which had come out of WW2 a divided nation.
 The Nationalist Party, under Chiang Kai-Shek,
headed the Chinese government.
 At the same time, however, the Chinese Communist
Party, led by Mao Tse-tung, controlled nearly 25% of
the Chinese population.
China
China’s Flag
Map of China
Mao Tse-tung
Chiang Kai-Shek
 The Nationalists and the Communists had been
fighting for control of China since 1927.
 During WW2, they had stood together against the
Japanese.
 Once the Japanese were defeated, the two sides
resumed their civil war.
 This time, the Soviet Union backed the Communists,
while the United States backed the Nationalists.
 However, the Nationalists steadily lost ground and
by 1949, the Communists had driven the Nationalists
from Mainland China to the island of Taiwan.
 On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China
was set up in mainland China under the leadership
of Mao Tse-tung.
Mao Tse-tung
Mao Tse-tung became leader of
China in 1949.
When he assumed power, he sent the
Nationalists to Taiwan, an island
off the coast of China.
The British, French and the Soviets
all backed Mao. The United States
still backed the Nationalists.
The US did not want Mao on the UN
Security Council. This led to a
disagreement with the Soviets.
Mao was recognized by the US
Government in 1972.
Forrest Gump Played Ping Pong
 England, France, and the Soviet Union all recognized
the existence of Mao’s government.
 However, the United States still backed the
Nationalists and Chiang Kai-shek.
 The Soviet Union backed Mao and his quest to sit on
the United States Security Council.
 The US vetoed this decision and the Soviets left the
UN Security Council.
Taiwan
Formed by the Nationalists of China who escaped after
the Chinese Civil War of 1947.
The Chinese are trying to find a way to unify Taiwan under
China’s rule.
Question 2
 Which political parties were involved in a Chinese
civil war after World War 2?
Question 3
 Who helped the Communists in their civil war in
1947?
Question 4
 When was Communist China established? To where
did the Nationalists escape to?
Question 5
 What argument did the United States have with the
Soviet Union in China?
Two Communist Headaches
The Soviet Union
Mao and Stalin
China
3.2 The Korean War (1950-53)
 East-West relations grew even worse with the
Korean War.
 The US and Soviet Union, after defeating Japan,
moved into Korea.
 Just as they did in Europe, the two nations divided
the Korean Peninsula into North Korea (controlled
by the USSR-communist) and South Korea
(controlled by the US-democratic).
Korean Peninsula
North Korea
(communist)
South Korea
(democratic)
 On June 25, 1950, the North Korean military, trained
by the Soviet Union, invaded South Korea to unite
the peninsula under Communist rule.
 On June 27, 1950, President Truman ordered
American air and naval forces to support the South
Korean military.
 The United Nations Security Council declared North
Korea the aggressor and asked all nations to aid
South Korea.
 Because of its boycott with the issue of China, the
Soviet Union did not vote. This would have
prevented the United Nations from interfering in the
war.
 Fifteen nations, as well as the United States, sent
troops to aid South Korea.
 However, the United States and South Korea made
up 90% of the force. The troops were led by General
Douglas MacArthur.
General Douglas MacArthur
Hero of the Pacific Campaign during
World War 2.
He was now in charge of running the
UN forces in the Korean War.
48% of the UN forces were United
States soldiers.
It would be his conflict with
President Truman that would lead to
his downfall.
Images of the Korean War
North Korea invades the South (1950)
Map of the North Korean Invasion
Images of the Korean War
 For a while, the North Koreans nearly overran the
South Koreans.
 On June 28, 1950, the North Koreans overran the
capital of South Korea of Seoul.
 By early August, the North Koreans pushed the UN
troops to an area called Pusan.
Early Battles of the Korean War
North Korea invaded South
Korea on June 20, 1950.
Within two months, the North
Korean Army pushed the
United Nations troops to an
area in the South called
Pusan.
It seemed the Korean War may
Have gone to the North, but
General MacArthur had a
trick up his sleeves.
 The tide turned for the UN troops when General
MacArthur staged a surprise landing at Inchon,
behind North Korean forces.
 Soon MacArthur captured Seoul and pushed the
North Koreans back beyond the border between the
two nations.
The Invasion at Inchon
General MacArthur was able to invade Inchon and
drive the North Koreans back into their nation.
 By late November, the UN forces had pushed the
North Koreans back to the Yalu River.
 With victory at hand, the UN troops were now
attacked by 250,000 Chinese troops.
 The Chinese drove the UN forces back into South
Korea.
 General MacArthur wanted to attack and invade
China, but President Truman refused. He then fired
MacArthur.
China Enters the Korean War
The Chinese attacked the
UN troops in November
1950.
General MacArthur wanted
to invade China, but
Harry Truman refused, so
MacArthur argued and was
fired.
 In the spring of 1951, the UN troops drove the
Chinese and North Koreans back across the 38th
parallel-the border between North and South Korea.
 General MacArthur was fired and replaced by
General Matthew Ridgeway.
 Fighting continued until the Soviet Union proposed a
cease-fire along the 38th parallel and both sides
agreed to talk.
 Peace talks began in 1951 but broke down quickly.
 When talks began again, they lasted until July 1953,
when an armistice was signed.
 In three years of fighting, 54,000 were killed and
103,000 were wounded.
 Although no side won, Communist expansion was
checked.
The End of the Korean War
Casualties In The Korean War
S. Korea 984,400 killed and wounded
USA 169,365 killed and wounded
England 5,017 killed and wounded
Although there was no winner of the
Korean War, there was never even a
peace treaty signed between North and
South Korea.
The armistice established a boundary
between the North and South at the 38th
parallel. This is called the DMZ.
General Clark signs the armistice in
July 1953
Today, North Korea still remains a problem
for the Bush administration.
The Demilitarized Zone
The South Korean/US forces are at the top. The North Korean
forces are at the bottom. This is the closest point between the two
Koreas.
Kim Jong-Il
North Korea is led by Kim Jong-Il, a dictator
Who lives the life of luxury while keeping a
Large portion of his population in poverty.
Kim Jong-Il has been linked to President Bush’s
“axis of evil” along with Iran and Iraq. He has had
diplomatic meetings with the US in the 1990s.
The problem with North Korea is that Kim Jong-Il
has the technology and capability to make and
fire nuclear weapons, some as far as Japan.
Whoever become President must deal with North
Korea because they may have the capability to hit
Hawaii and California in the near future.
South Korea
South Korea has slowly become one of the
leading economic powers of Asia with their
biggest industry being automobiles.
The US finds that protecting South Korea
is in our best economic, political and
militaristic interests.