Transcript CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1,
Sections 1 and 2
INTRODUCTION
TO PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
WHAT IS
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE ?
 Science is the study of the natural
world. It includes all of the knowledge
gained by exploring nature.

Scientists use the skills of observing,
inferring, and predicting to learn more
about the natural world.
 Chemistry is the study of the
properties of matter and how matter
changes.

When you study chemistry, you will learn
about the particles that make up matter and
why different forms of matter can change
different properties.
 Physics is the study of matter,
energy, motion, and forces, and how
they interact.

When you study Physics, you will learn
about the different forms of energy and the
physical laws that govern energy. You will
also find out how the laws of physics apply
to Earth, the solar system, and the universe
beyond.
Observations

Observing means using one or more senses to gather
information. Your senses include sight, hearing, touch, taste,
and smell. Scientists usually make observations in a careful,
orderly way.

Qualitative Observations are descriptions that don’t
involve numbers or measurements.
 Quantitative Observations are measurements. You make
these observations when you measure your height or weight.
Observation
Tools
 Inferring is an
observation of the
explanation. They are
based on reasoning from
what you already know.
 Predicting means
making a forecast of what
will happen in the future
based on past
experiences or evidence.
What is  Scientific Inquiry refers to the
different ways scientists study the
Scientific natural world. It is the ongoing process
of discovery in science.
processes that scientists use in
Inquiry? The
inquiry include posing questions,

developing hypotheses, designing
experiments, collecting and interpreting
data, drawing conclusions, and
communicating ideas and results.
 Hypothesis: It is a possible
answer to a scientific question or
explanation for a set of observations.
 Parameter: It is a factor that can be
measured in an experiment.

Certain parameters, called variable
parameters, are the ones that change
during the experiment
Variables
 Manipulated
Variable: It is one variable parameter
that is purposely changed in a well-designed
experiment.
 Responding
Variable: The variable that is
expected to change because of the manipulated
variable is the responding variable.
 Controlled
Experiment:
It is an investigation in
Investigation which only one parameter is
Essentials manipulated at a time.
 Data is the facts, figures,
and other evidence
gathered through
observations.

Graphs, tables, and charts
are ways of keeping track of
data.
 Conclusion: states
whether or not the data
support the hypothesis.
Last but not
least…
 Communicating is sharing ideas and conclusions with
others through writing and speaking.
 Scientific
Models: A model is a
picture, a diagram,
computer image, or other representation of an object or process.

Scientists use models and develop theories and laws to increase people’s
understanding of the natural world.
 Scientific
Theories are a well tested explanation for a
wide range of observations or experimental results.

Scientists accept a theory only when there is a large body of evidence that
supports it.
 Scientific
Laws: A statement that describes what scientists
expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions.
Questions/
Concerns??