Transcript IPM in the Rose Garden

IPM IN THE ROSE GARDEN
Baldo Villegas
Entomologist; ARS Master Rosarian
Sacramento, CA USDA (Zone 8/9)
An America Rose Society Presentation ©2005
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)
IPM is an environmentally sound
integration of all control methods to control
pest populations below economic or
damaging levels
IPM STRATEGIES
Prevention
Pest
& Symptom Identification
Regular Survey for Presence, Symptoms,
Damage Caused by the Pests
Establish Action Thresholds & Guidelines
IPM METHODS
Cultural Control
Mechanical & Physical Control
Biological Control
Chemical Control
CULTURAL CONTROL
 Growing
healthy plants
 Buying pest-free plant materials
 Choosing resistant varieties
 Choosing the planting site
 Fertilization - too much or too little
 Sanitation - removal of infected plant materials
 Watering methods
MECHANICAL & PHYSICAL CONTROL
 Barriers
- Copper banding for snails/slugs
 Mulching - For weed control & water conservation
 Solarization of Soil - For control of weeds and soil borne
diseases
 Hosing & Syringing - For control of aphids & spider mites,
etc.
 Handpicking & Crushing - For many large insects and
beetles
 Hoeing - For weed control
 Trapping - Pheromone traps, sticky traps, etc.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Parasitoids
- Parasitic flies & wasps
Predators - Lady beetles & lacewings
Diseases - Fungal, bacterial and viral
diseases for insect control; beneficial
nematodes
CHEMICAL CONTROL
 Inorganic
Pesticides - Derived from elemental sources:
sulfur
 Organic Pesticides - Synthetic pesticides further
classified by chemical families and modes of action.
 Botanical Pesticides - Derived from plant materials:
pyrethrum, rotenone, rynia, bioneem, pepper oil, etc.
 Microbial Pesticides - Derived from microbial
organisms: Bacillus thuringienses
TYPE OF PESTICIDES
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INSECTICIDES – For INSECT pests like aphids, beetles, caterpillars,
and may include mites
MITICIDES (ACARICIDES) – For MITE pests like spider mites and
blister mites
FUNGICIDES – For FUNGAL PATHOGENS like powdery mildew,
rust, blackspot
BACTERICIDES – For BACTERIAL PATHOGENS like crown gall
MOLLUSCICIDES – For MOLLUSK pests like snails and slugs
RODENTICIDES - For RODENT pests like mice
HERBICIDES – For WEED pests such as grass & broadleaf plants
INSECTICIDES - Mode of Action
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SYSTEMIC - Absorbed by the plant system via foliage or roots to
build up concentration levels in the sap that causes death to insects
upon ingestion
STOMACH - Is toxic and lethal when ingested by the insect
CONTACT - Kills on contact with external body of insect
RESIDUAL - Remains toxic to insects long after application
FUMIGANT - Volatile enough to be inhaled by the insect in lethal
doses
REPELLENT - Distasteful to insects making them avoid treated
areas
FUNGICIDES - Mode of Action
PROTECTANT
- Applied before infection of
fungus spores
ERADICANT - Applied after infections appear
and kills on contact
SYSTEMIC - Translocated by leaves and roots
and distributed in the plant to prevent infection
TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES
 TOXICITY means
"how poisonous"
 The commonly used measure of oral and dermal
toxicity is LD50 (LD means Lethal Dose) and
values are measured from "0" up. The lower the
LD50 - the more poisonous the chemical
 EXAMPLE: A Dermal LD50 of 0-200 mg/kg is
more toxic than that of >20,000 mg/kg
SIGNAL WORDS
Highly Toxic – like Nicotine Sulfate
 DANGER: Highly Toxic – like Funginex
(Triforine) & Vendex
 WARNING: Moderately Toxic – like Roundup
 CAUTION: Slightly Toxic - Many botanicals &
microbial pesticides
 POISON:
FUNGICIDES
INSECTICIDES
HOW PESTICIDES ENTER THE BODY
 ORAL -
Pesticides can enter your mouth. Avoid eating or
smoking during mixing or during and after spraying.
 DERMAL - Pesticides can be absorbed through the skin.
Avoid wearing pesticide soaked clothing; Avoid direct
contact with the concentrated form of the pesticide.
 INHALATION - Pesticides in the form of dusts, spray mist
or fumes can be drawn into the lungs. Avoid inhaling
wettable powders dusts, granules, or other dry pesticide
formulations.
PESTICIDES – CORRECT USE
Always
use the pesticide according to its label
Always read and understand the label
thoroughly
Never recommend the use of restricted
chemicals!
Always abide by the pesticide regulations in
YOUR STATE
Keep Records
Store Your
Pesticides
Properly
Test Your
Respirator
Use Proper
Protection
Be Careful When
Handling Pesticide
Concentrates
Proper Protection When Spraying
Spraying Pesticides
Spraying Pesticides
IPM IN THE HOME GARDEN
Establish
damage levels for your own
garden
Make observations and record them
Correctly identify the pest
Take the appropriate action; sometimes
the appropriate action is no action
The End