Transcript Chapter 18 A Divided Nation (1848–1860)

HOLT
Chapter 18
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
A DIVIDED NATION
(1848–1860)
Section 1: The Debate over Slavery
Section 2: Trouble in Kansas
Section 3: Political Divisions
Section 4: Secession
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did the outcome of the Mexican War
affect the debate over the expansion of
slavery?
 What were the main conditions of the
Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were
given for supporting or opposing it?
 Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial
in the North?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
 additional territory renewed the debate over
slavery expansion
 led to the Wilmot Proviso and sectionalism
 began push for popular sovereignty
 led to the Free-Soil Party
 upset balance of free and slave states
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in
the territory added to the United States by the Mexican
Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but
was defeated in the Senate
popular sovereignty – the idea that political authority
belongs to the people; also a principle that would allow
voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban
or permit slavery
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
The Mexican War and Slavery Expansion
Free-Soil Party – political Party formed in 1848 by
antislavery northerners who left the Whig and
Democratic Parties because neither addressed the
slavery issue
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Compromise of 1850
 Conditions of the Compromise of 1850
 California joins the Union as a free state.
 New Mexico and Utah Territories will use
popular sovereignty to decide the status of
slavery.
 Stronger fugitive slave law passed.
 Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.
 Border dispute between new Mexico and Texas is
resolved.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Compromise of 1850
 Opposition to the Compromise of 1850
 Allowing California to enter as a free state would
destroy the balance between the two sections of
the country.
 California would be admitted unconditionally.
 Support for the Compromise of 1850
 Preserving the Union was more important than
regional differences.
 Slave labor was not necessary in that environment.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 1:
The Debate Over Slavery
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Controversy in the North
over the Fugitive Slave Act
 lacked trial by jury
 bribes were given to government officials for
support
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 2:
Trouble in Kansas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did different regions of the country react
to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
 In what ways did people try to settle the
conflict over slavery in Kansas?
 What series of violent events showed growing
division over slavery in the United States?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 2:
Trouble in Kansas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Kansas-Nebraska Act
 protested in the North
 received strong support in the South
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 2:
Trouble in Kansas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Methods Used to Settle the
Conflict Over Slavery in Kansas
 compromise
 protests
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 2:
Trouble in Kansas
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Violent Events Over Slavery
 armed conflict in 1856 in Lawrence, Kansas
 Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) – incident in which
abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered
pro-slavery Kansans
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 3:
Political Divisions
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect U.S.
political parties?
 Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom, and
how did the Supreme Court rule on his case?
 How did Abraham Lincoln and Stephen
Douglas differ in their views on slavery?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 3:
Political Divisions
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
on U.S. Political Parties
 Republican Party formed in 1854
 Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849
Know-Nothing Party – political organization founded
in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making
it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to
hold office
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 3:
Political Divisions
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Dred Scott
 Dred Scott was a slave who lived in free territory
and then returned to slave territory.
 He sued for his freedom claiming he had become
free when he lived in free territory.
 In 1857 the Supreme Court declared:
 African Americans were not U.S. citizens.
 The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was
unconstitutional.
 Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any
federal territory.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 3:
Political Divisions
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’
Differing Views on Slavery
 Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and
supported the equal rights for slaves.
 Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did
not feel the African Americans were equal.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 4:
Secession
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
OBJECTIVES
 How did Americans react to John Brown’s
raid on Harpers Ferry?
 What factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the
presidential election of 1860?
 Why did some southern states decide to leave
the Union?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Section 4:
Secession
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Reactions to John Brown’s Raid
 Some mourned his death and regarded him as
a hero.
 Others opposed his violence.
 Southerners felt threatened.
 It raised the secession issue in the South.
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 4:
Secession
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory
in the Presidential Election of 1860
 Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in
the free states.
 The slave states split their electoral votes thus
giving Lincoln the victory.
electoral votes – votes cast in states to elect the
president in presidential elections
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
Section 4:
Secession
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Beginnings to 1877
Reasons the Southern States Left the Union
 believed Lincoln would abolish slavery
 feared this action would destroy the South’s
economy and society
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