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CHAPTERS 2.11-2.13 LIPIDS Ms. Doshi 2.11 Lipids Lipids: -macromolecule -made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms -structure: long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms that are nonpolar. 2.11 Terms hydrophobic -hate water Example: nonpolar molecules hydrophilic -love water Example: polar molecules Figure 2-28 Three types of lipids: Fat: Common Lipid Sterols: Example: Cholesterol & Sex hormones Phospholipid: Form cell membrane 2.12 Terms for FATS glycerol: head fatty acids: tail; hydrocarbon chain triglycerides: -fat from foods we eat. -structure: 3 fatty acids + glycerol -solid: ‘fat’ -liquid: ‘oil’ Structure of Fats Saturated Fat vs. Unsaturated Fat Saturated Fat vs. Unsaturated Fat Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats Each C atom is bound to 2 H atoms. At least 1 C is bound to 1 H atom. Fatty acid is STRAIGHT. Fatty acid is CROOKED. At room temperature: solid. At room temperature: liquid. Found in meat & eggs. Found in avocados, peanuts, canola oil, vegetable oil, and olive oil. Not necessary for your health. High in calories. High in calories. Can cause Heart Disease & Strokes. Lower than saturated fats in cholesterol. Better to eat than saturated fat. Short Quiz Example Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats Each C atom is bound to _____atoms. At least 1 C is bound to ____atom. Fatty acid is _______. Fatty acid is ________. At room temperature: ______. At room temperature: ______ Found in meat & eggs. Found in avocados, peanuts, canola oil, vegetable oil, and olive oil. Not necessary for your health. High in calories. High in calories. Can cause _______Disease & _______. Lower than saturated fats in_________. Better to eat than saturated fat. Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fats There are 2 types: Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated Only 1 double bond More than 1 double bond. 2 or more double bonds are possible. “Partially Hydrogenated” Oil H atoms are added to oil. The unsaturated fat (oil) becomes more saturated. Can create food like ‘chocolate’ this way. It is neither a solid nor a liquid. Less healthy. Hard to break down. Increase chance of heart disease. Trans Fat Hydrogenation of fats creates trans fat. This fat in your diet causes your body to make cholesterol. “Fake Fats” Similar to fats in taste and texture. Passes through the body without being digested. Example: Olestra It decreases amount of vitamins absorbed and can cause abdominal cramps. Questions With a partner, answer these questions. You have 20 minutes. 1. What are the 3 types of lipids? 2. Lipids are made of _____, _____, and _____ atoms. 3. Define: hydrophobic, hydrophilic 4. What is the structure of fats? 5. What are the 2 types of unsaturated fats? 6. Unsaturated fatty acid is in the _____ form. 7. Trans fatty acid is in the ____ form. 8. _______ is a fake fat. Lipids 3 kinds of lipids: Sterols Phospholipids Waxes Sterols Sterols -a lipid that regulates growth and development. Two examples: Cholesterol and Steroid hormones Sterols Phospholipids Has phosphorus atom and 2 fatty acid chains. Waxes Very hydrophobic because of long fatty acid chain, which is non polar. On surface of many plants. Outer coverings of many insects. Many birds have waxy coating on their wings. Wax Structure glycerol head + one long fatty acid chain Questions Do with a partner. We will answer together, as a class. 1. Define sterol. 2. What are 2 examples of sterols? 3. What does a sterol structure have? 4. What is the structure of a phospholipid? 5. What is the structure of wax? 6. A phospholipid has a ____ head and a ____ tail.