Transcript Results of the Persian Wars

Results of the Persian Wars
• The Greek sense of uniqueness was increased.
• Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in
Greece.
• Athens organized the Delian League, an alliance with
other Greek city-states.
• Athens used the league to assert power and build an
Athenian Empire.
• They moved the treasury to Athens, and forced
people to stay in the league against their will.
THE AGE OF PERICLES
• The wise and skillful
leadership of Pericles
brought about a Golden
age in Athens.
• From about 460 to 429
B.C. and is often called
the Age of Pericles.
• Three goals:
• 1) protection
• 2) Beautification
• 3) Democracy
PERICLES
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• Pericles believed that all male citizens, regardless of
wealth or social class, should take part in
government.
• WHY???
• The assembly met several times a month and
needed at least 6,000 members present to take a
vote. This was direct democracy, a large number of
citizens took part in the day to day affairs of the
government.
• He paid salaries to men who held public office.
This enabled the poor to serve in the government.
• Pericles stated, “We alone, regard a man who takes
no interest in public affairs, not as harmless, but as a
useless character.
LIFE IN THE GOLDEN AGE
Trade brought great wealth to Athens.
• Merchants from other parts of world moved
to city, bringing own foods, customs
• Athens very cosmopolitan as result
– Grand festivals, public celebrations, events
– Athletic games and city theaters
– Athens was the heart of Greek culture
Draw Conclusions
• What made the 400s a golden age in
Athens?
• ANSWER: trade brought great wealth;
cosmopolitan city; city rebuilt; center of
Greek culture and politics, Education
flourished
ALL GOOD THINGS MUST COME
TO AN END!!
• As the leader of the
Delian League, Athens
was the richest, mightiest
polis in Greece. Being
rich and mighty brought
many powerful rivals.
• The greatest of which
was Sparta
(Peloponnesian League),
which wanted to end its
dominance
The Peloponnesian War
• A war between the
Delian League (Athens)
and the Peloponnesian
League (Sparta)
• Athens  democracy
• Sparta  oligarchy
• The fighting took over
Greece and lasted 27
years
CAUSES OF WAR
• What caused the
Peloponnesian War?
• Answer(s):
• mutual fear;
• Sparta feared Athens
would stop it from
trading,
• Athens feared the
military POWER of
the Peloponnesian
League
STRUGGLES OF ATHENS
• Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage from the start.
• Sparta was located inland, the Athenian navy was no good against
them.
• When Sparta invaded Athens, Pericles allowed people from the
countryside to move inside the city. BIG MISTAKE
• Overcrowding led to a plague that killed a third of the people.
• Internal struggles undermined the Democratic government of
Athens.
• Sparta even allied with Persia, their old enemy, against the
Delian League.
DO NOW
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•
NAME AT LEAST TWO CAUSES OF
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR?
Answer(s):
1. MUTUAL FEAR
a. Athens Afraid of Power of Spartan Army
b. Sparta afraid of alliance and cutting of trade
2. Formation of leagues/alliances
3. Overall differences of the two city-states
DO NOW #2
•
•
What were the 4 main struggles that
Athens was going through during the
PELOPONNESIAN WAR?
Answer(s):
1. Geography of Athens- Sparta is inland, Athenian navy is
useless
2. Plague- overcrowding and hunger
3. Athenian corruption in their government after Pericles’
death
4. Sparta’s alliance with Persia
The Course of War
War in Greece
• Initially neither side gained much advantage
• Sparta, allies dominated land; Athens, allies dominated sea
• Athenians avoided land battles; neither side won more than minor
victories
Plague and Peace
• 430, 429 BC, plague struck Athens, changed course of war
• Pericles, Athens’ leader through beginning of war, among dead
• After plague, fighting heated up until truce in 421 BC
Sparta’s Victory
• 415 BC, war broke out again; Sparta took to sea as well as land,
destroyed Athenian fleet; Athens surrendered 404 BC
• Peloponnesian War almost destroyed Athens;
• Sparta won but was exhausted and run down by war
THE AFTERMATH
• The Peloponnesian war
ended Athenian
greatness.
– Culture stops in Athens
• Fighting continued to
disrupt the Greek world
• All of Greece was left
vulnerable to invasion
because of their
inability to ever unite
WHERE WE ARE GOING NEXT!!!
After victory, Sparta’s army tried to act as Greece’s
dominant power
• Sparta’s wealth, resources badly strained, power worn down
• Spartans could not keep control of Greece
• City-state of Thebes defeated Sparta, could not maintain control
either
• Struggle for power led to long cycle of warfare that left all Greece
vulnerable to attack
• PREVIEW FOR TOMORROW– 340s BC, Macedonia, Greek-speaking kingdom to north, swept in, took
control of all Greece
TIMELINE
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Peloponnesian Wars, 431-404
Pericles builds long walls.
430-426: plague ravages Athens; Pericles dies.
At this point, Athens appears to be winning.
421-414: brief Peace.
415-413: Sicilian Expedition: Athenian disaster.
411: oligarchy at Athens; repulsed by democratic fleet.
406: Battle of Arginusae; generals condemned to death.
405: Battle of Aegospotami: Spartan victory.
404: Athens surrenders, brief oligarchic Rule of the Thirty
Tyrants.
• 403: less expansive democracy is restored