Transcript Slide 1
Rock Cycle http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/Earth SC-202VisualsIndex.HTM View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia Igneous Rocks Cool from the Molten State • Extrusive -- Erupted on Surface (volcanic) • Intrusive -- Solidify Within Earth (Plutonic) Large Grain Size ---> Slow Cooling • Extrusive Rocks -- Fine Grained • Intrusive Rocks -- Coarse Grained Metamorphic Facies Depth\Tem p 300C 5 km Zeolite Contact Metamorphism - Andalusite forms 10 km - 3 kb Greenschist Chlorite, Biotite Bluesc form •Slate hist •Greenstone •Quartzite •Marble Amphibolite Garnet, Staurolite, Kyanite form •Schist •Amphibolite •Quartzite •Marble •Gneiss Not Found Eclogite (Mantle) 15 km 20 km - 6 kb 25 km 400C 30 km - 9 kb 500 C 600 C 700 C Granulite Sillimanite forms Muscovite breaks down to K-feldspar Partial Melting •Gneiss 35 km 40 km - 12 kb 800 C Bowen's Series and Igneous Rocks Metamorphism •Changes in Rock Composition or Texture •Due to Heat, Pressure and Action of Fluids (like magma) Major Metamorphic Rock Types Temp C Temp F Coal Limestone Sandstone Basalt Shale Index Minerals Slate Chlorite Phyllite Biotite Schist Garnet Lignite Bituminous 300 500 Anthracite 600 Graphite Marble 700 800 500 1100 1200 700 Quartzite 900 1000 600 Greenstone Amphibolite Staurolite Gneiss Kyanite Sillimanit e Melting Begins Types of Metamorphism Contact • Around Intrusions • Shallow: 0-6 Km • Low Pressure • Local Regional • Wide Areas • 5-20 Km, Sometimes 30+ • High Pressure • Usually Accompained by Deformation Sedimentary Rocks Deposited on or Near Surface of Earth by Mechanical or Chemical Processes Environmental Clues in Sedimentary Rocks • Fossils – Salt Water - Corals, Echinoderms – Fresh Water - Insects, Amphibians – Terrestrial - Leaves, Land Animals • Color And Chemistry – Red Beds - Often Terrestrial – Black Shale - Oxygen Poor, Often Deep Water – Evaporites – Arid Climates Sediment Sizes and Clastic Rock Types Rock Type Sediment Grain Size Shale Clay less than 0.001 mm Siltstone Silt .001-0.1 mm Sandstone Sand .01-1 mm Conglomerate Gravel 1mm + Sedimentary rocks made of silt- and claysized particles are collectively called mudrocks, and are the most abundant sedimentary rocks. Facies Changes Plant Fragments Are Often Visible in Coal Diagenesis What Rocks Tell Us Rock Type Igneous Sedimentary How Classified What it Tells Us Composition Texture Chemical Composition Tectonic Setting Cooling History Surface Environment Energy of Environment Original Rock Type Temperature, Pressure Degree of Change Grain Size Composition Metamorphic Mineral Makeup Texture