Provided Courtesy of Nutrition411.com

Men’s Health

Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC Updated by Nutrition411.com staff Review Date 4/14 G-1120

Objectives

• Determine the leading cause of death in men • Learn ways to reduce or prevent causes of death • Understand about the important of preventive screenings

Average Life Span

• Men: ?

• Women: ?

• Includes all races

Average Life Span

(cont’d)

• Men: 76.2

• Women: 81.1

• Includes all races in America

Why the Difference?

• Men are more reluctant to seek preventive exams compared to women • Men do not feel comfortable talking about their health with their doctor • Excluding pregnancy, women make twice as many preventive care visits as men • Men engage in riskier behavior than women Sources: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201008/why-women-live longer-men , http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-women-live-longer

Leading Causes of Death in Men (2009)

• Heart disease: 24.9% • Cancer: 24.2% • Unintentional injuries: 6.2% • Chronic lower respiratory disease: 5.3% • Stroke: 4.2% • Diabetes: 2.9% • Suicide: 2.5% • Alzheimer’s disease: 2.1% • Kidney disease: 2.0% • Influenza and pneumonia: 1.9% Source: http://www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/index.htm

Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke

Seven Steps to a Healthier You!

1. Know your numbers:

– Cholesterol LDL=lousy, HDL=healthy – Triglycerides – Blood pressure – Glucose

2. Maintain a healthy weight 3. Stay physically active

HDL=high-density lipoprotein, LDL=low-density lipoprotein

Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke

(cont’d) Seven Steps to a Healthier You!

4. Do not smoke 5. Manage stress 6. Limit Alcohol 7. Eat a heart-healthy diet

Major Risk Factors That You Cannot Change

• Increasing age • Gender (male) • Heredity (including race)

How Men Can Manage Stress

• Avoid stressful situations, whenever possible • Practice deep breathing • Exercise • Change your thinking: – Do not fret about things you can do nothing about

Imagery

Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema

• Quit smoking NOW • Listen to Mom—eat those fruits and vegetables • Have your home tested for radon

Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema

(cont’d)

• Know what you are exposed to on the job: – It is your right to know about what you are exposed to (fumes, dust, chemicals, etc) – Gasoline, diesel exhaust, arsenic, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, and chloromethyl ethers are carcinogens found in some work environments – Talk to your employer about limiting your exposure

Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema

(cont’d)

• Avoid second-hand smoke: – This smoke contains more than 60 known carcinogens – Carcinogens interrupt normal cell development – The interference of cell development is what causes the cancer process Source: http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/index

Health Benefits of Quitting

• Within 2 days of quitting: Improved sense of smell and taste • 1 to 3 months: Reduced coughing and relief of sore throat • 1 year: Risk of heart attack or sudden death cut in half • 2 to 3 years: R isk of heart attack (in people without CVD) is as low as lifelong nonsmokers • 5 to 10 years: Risk of stroke is that of a lifelong nonsmoker CVD=cardiovascular disease Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/index

The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking

1. Drink water:

– Slowly sip clear water – Drink up to eight glasses/day – Water helps flush nicotine out of your body

2. Breathe deeply:

– Take 10 slow, deep breaths—in through your nose and out through your mouth, ever so slowly – This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes

The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking

(cont’d) 3. Do something else:

– Focus on doing something you like to do, rather than smoking – This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes

4. Discuss:

– Talk with a friend or family member about what is happening to you – Tell them how you are feeling – Share your thoughts—it helps

The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking

(cont’d) 5. Delay:

– Allow some time – Do not reach for that cigarette right away – Count to 200 and then to 250 – Urges to smoke pass in 3 to 5 minutes

How to Prevent Diabetes

• Maintain a healthy weight: – Increase fruit and vegetable consumption – Increase fiber intake – Decrease fat intake • Exercise regularly • Know your body mass index (BMI)

BMI

BMI (kg/m 2 ) 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Height 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 19 132 136 140 144 148 152 156 91 94 97 100 104 107 110 114 118 121 125 128 20 21 22 23 146 150 154 159 163 168 172 100 104 107 111 115 118 122 126 130 134 138 142 139 143 147 151 155 160 164 96 99 102 106 109 113 116 120 124 127 131 135

Normal Weight

160 165 169 174 179 184 189 110 114 118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 151 155 153 157 162 166 171 176 180 105 109 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 149 24 167 172 177 182 186 192 197 115 119 123 127 131 135 140 144 148 153 158 162 25 174 179 184 189 194 200 205 119 124 128 132 136 141 145 150 155 159 164 169 26 27 28

Increased Risk

181 186 191 197 202 208 213 124 128 133 137 142 146 151 156 161 166 171 176 188 193 199 204 210 216 221 129 133 138 143 147 152 157 162 167 172 177 182 195 200 206 212 218 224 230 134 138 143 148 153 158 163 168 173 178 184 189 29 202 208 213 219 225 232 238 138 143 148 153 158 163 169 174 179 185 190 196 30 35 40 243 250 258 265 272 279 287 167 173 179 185 191 197 204 210 216 223 230 236 207 215 221 227 233 240 246 143 148 153 158 164 169 174 180 186 191 197 203

High Risk

278 286 294 302 311 319 328 191 198 204 211 218 225 232 240 247 255 262 270

Preventing Injuries

• Wear a seat belt, even on short trips • Follow the speed limit • Do not drink and drive (also applies to those you are with) • Wear a helmet (no exceptions) when riding a bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle that requires one • Manage stress

Preventing Injuries

(cont’d)

• Stay active to prevent falls • Use appropriate lifting techniques • Practice gun safety • Take safety precautions • Ask for help when you need it • Practice safe sex • Protect yourself from the sun

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

• Highly curable if you catch it early • After the first abnormal cell starts to grow into a polyp, it usually takes 10 to 15 years to develop into colorectal cancer • Screening or testing is one of the most powerful weapons in preventing colorectal cancer • People with no identified risk factors (other than age) should begin regular screening at 50 years of age Source: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6X_Colorectal_Cancer_Early_Detection_10.asp

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

(cont’d)

• Individuals who have a family history or other risk factors for colorectal polyps or cancer, such as inflammatory bowel disease, should talk with their doctor about starting screening at a younger age and/or getting screened at more frequent intervals

Why Is a Colonoscopy Important?

• Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in the United States • It is the second leading cause of death (after lung cancer) • In 1 year, more than 140,000 people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer and more than one-third of them die from it

Why Is a Colonoscopy Important?

(cont’d)

• Most colorectal cancer develops from polyps that grow in the colon • Not all polyps become cancerous, but enough do become cancerous or precancerous that detecting and removing them are important for preventing cancer and measuring your risk for it

Why Is a Colonoscopy Important?

(cont’d)

• Colonoscopy also is used to obtain information related to other conditions, such as: − Gastroenteritis − Colitis

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

• You can lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer by managing the risk factors you can control, such as: − Eating a healthy diet − Staying physically active − Maintaining a healthy weight

Recommendations

The American Cancer Society • Eating a healthy diet, with emphasis on plant sources • Choosing foods and beverages in amounts that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight • Eating five or more servings of a variety of fruits and vegetables each day • Choosing whole grains, rather than processed refined grains ® recommends: • Limiting eating of processed and red meats

What Is Prostate Cancer?

• Prostate cancer is made up of cells that do not grow normally

What Is Prostate Cancer?

(cont’d)

• The cells divide and create new cells that the body does not need, forming a mass of tissue called a tumor

What Causes Prostate Cancer?

• As with many types of cancer, medical experts do not know what causes prostate cancer • Researchers are studying several possible causes

Can You Prevent Prostate Cancer?

• We do know that the following contribute to overall good health: − Eating a healthy diet − Staying physically active − Seeing your doctor

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

• Many men with prostate cancer often have no symptoms • If symptoms appear, they can include: − Blood in the urine − Need to urinate frequently, especially at night − Weak or interrupted urine flow − Pain or burning feeling when urinating − Constant pain in the lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

(cont’d)

• If you have any of the symptoms listed on the previous slide, see you doctor as soon as possible • Sometimes symptoms are caused by other prostate problems that are not cancer, such as an infection or enlarged prostate

What Does “Screening” Mean?

• Screening means looking for signs of disease in people who have no symptoms • Screening for prostate cancer is looking for early-stage disease, when treatment is possibly more effective

Main Screening Tools for Prostate Cancer

• Digital rectal examination (DRE) • Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test • The DRE and PSA cannot tell if you have cancer—they suggest the need for further tests

Skin Cancer

• Skin cancer is the most common cancer for all men and women • You are at greater risk if you have: − Family history of skin cancer − Many moles (more than 50 on your entire body) or large moles − Skin that burns easily • Despite these risks, sun exposure is the single most preventable risk factor for all skin cancers

Best Defense Against Skin Cancer

• Limit time spent outdoors when the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays are the highest—10 AM to 4 PM • Do not use tanning beds or sunlamps, which also give off harmful UV rays • Apply water-resistant sunscreen with a sun protection factor, also referred to as SPF, of at least 30 that protects against UVA and UVB rays Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/moreinformation/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection

Best Defense Against Skin Cancer

(cont’d)

• Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating • Use sunscreen even on cloudy days • Wear protective clothing, such as wide brimmed hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses • Check for changes in the way your skin normally looks or for sores that will not heal • Remember, skin cancer is very treatable when found early Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/moreinformation/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection

Daily to Steps to Health

• Manage stress • Get enough sleep • Do not smoke: − 1-800-QUIT-NOW, a free national program ( http://www.smokefree.gov

) • Stay physically active: − 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity most days of the week

Daily to Steps to Health

(cont’d)

• Eat a healthy diet: − Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat free or low-fat milk and milk products − Include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts in your diet − Eat foods that are low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars

Daily to Steps to Health

(cont’d)

• Stay at a healthy weight: − Balance calories from foods and beverages with calories you burn off by your activities − To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase your physical activity

Daily to Steps to Health

(cont’d)

• Drink alcohol only in moderation: − If you drink alcohol, have no more than two drinks/day • A standard drink is: − 12 fluid ounces (fl oz) of beer or wine cooler − 5 fl oz of wine − 1.5 fl oz of 80-proof distilled spirits

You and Your Doctor

• If you cannot remember the last time you had a complete physical, pick up the telephone and make an appointment • The time to see your doctor is not when you are hooked up to life support—it is now, when you are feeling healthy

Would you let your car go 10 years without an oil change?

Health Screenings and You

• Talk to your doctor about screenings • Realize that screenings are your role in prevention • Get regular checkups, preventive screening tests, and immunizations—these are important things you can do for yourself • Share your family history with your doctor • Speak up and voice your concerns about your health • Always ask questions

Medicines to Prevent Disease

• Aspirin—ask your doctor about taking aspirin to prevent heart disease if you are: − Older than 45 years of age − Younger than 45 and: • Have high blood pressure • • • Have high cholesterol Have diabetes Smoke

Medicines to Prevent Disease

(cont’d)

• Immunizations—stay up to date with your immunizations: − Get a flu shot every years, starting at 50 years of age − Ask your doctor if you should get a flu shot if you are younger than 50 years of age − Get a pneumonia shot once you turn 65 years of age − Ask your doctor if you need a pneumonia shot if you are younger than 65 years of age

References

• American Cancer Society ® : http://www.cancer.org

• American Diabetes Association ® : http://www.diabetes.org

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov