Transcript Slide 1
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Andrea Pain, seecon international gmbh
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1
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Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
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Contents
1. Introduction 2. Why is Access to Water and Sanitation Crucial?
3. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4. MDG 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability 5. Indicators for MDGs 6. MDG Progress: Access to Water 7. MDG Progress: Access to Sanitation 8. Gaps in MDG Progress 9. References Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 3
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1. Introduction
The Water and Sanitation Crisis
• 2.5 billion people without access to improved sanitation • 780 million without access to improved drinking water sources (WHO UNICEF 2012 • 3,900 children killed every day (UNMP-TWS 2005) Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: http://www.technologybloggers.org/science/think-about-your-water-usage/
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2. Why is Access to Water and Sanitation Crucial?
The Water and Sanitation Crisis
• Health • Time • Dignity • Economic losses Every year, 1.4 million children die due to diarrhoea from waterborne diseases
(WATERAID.ORG 2011) Source: http://www.wateraidamerica.org/what_we_do/children_and_wateraid/d efault.aspx
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2. Why is Access to Water and Sanitation Crucial?
The Water and Sanitation Crisis
• Health • Time • Dignity • Economic losses In Africa, 40 billion working hours a year are spent collecting clean drinking water
(UNMP-TWS 2005) Source: WHO UNICEF 2010
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 6
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2. Why is Access to Water and Sanitation Crucial?
The Water and Sanitation Crisis
• Health • Time • Dignity • Economic losses Women and girls are particularly affected by lack of access to water and sanitation services Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: HEEB (2007)
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2. Why is Access to Water and Sanitation Crucial?
The Water and Sanitation Crisis
• Health • Time • Dignity • Economic losses Due to inadequate sanitation, India loses US $53.8 billion per year resulting from decreased working productivity and increased health costs
(WSP 2010) Source: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/economic-impacts inadequate-sanitation-india
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 8
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3. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Goals for Global Development
• In 2000, United Nations Millennium Declaration (UNMD) adopted to achieve the following goals: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for development
Source: http://www.mdgmonitor.org/ Source: http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2012/05/special raps-iran-statement/
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4. MDG 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability
Target for Water and Sanitation
Target 7.c: “To halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation” (UN 2010)
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF 2010
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4. General Importance of SSWM
Synergies Between SSWM and Other MDGs MDG Goal
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Synergies With SSWM
Increased food security, working productivity Decreased absence from school due to waterborne diseases Reduced burden to collect water, better health Decreased waterborne diseases Access to safe water and sanitation, improved hygiene Decreased incidence of diarrhoea, cholera, other waterborne diseases Improve quality of freshwater sources, reduce eutrophication Stakeholder participation, enable actors
Source: http://www.mdgmonitor.org/
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5. Indicators for MDGs
Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)
• Data collection: ◦ International Household Survey Network (IHSN) ◦ 729 nationally representative household surveys, 152 Censuses
(WHO UNICEF 2010)
• How do we evaluate “safe” drinking water and sanitation?
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF 2010
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5. Indicators for MDGs
The Drinking Water Ladder
• “Unimproved:” unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, surface water (i.e. river, dam, lake, pond, stream), bottled water Unimproved • “Other improved:” public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater collection Improved • “Piped water on premises:” piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot, or yard
Source: WHO UNICEF 2010
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 13
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5. Indicators for MDGs
The Sanitation Ladder
• “Open defecation:” disposal of human faeces in open spaces or with solid waste • “Unimproved facilities:” do not ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact • “Shared:” otherwise acceptable sanitation facilities shared between two or more households Unimproved • “Improved:” ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact
Source: WHO UNICEF 2010
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Improved 14
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5. Indicators for MDGs
Criticisms of the Joint Monitoring Program Methodology
• Critics: the sanitation ladder focuses too much on technical solutions • Proposition: use “function-based sanitation ladder” that begins with excreta containment and ends with integrated resource management
Source: ECOSANRES 2010
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6. MDG Progress: Access to Water
MDG Target Has Been Met
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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6. MDG Progress: Access to Water
Geographical disparities
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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6. MDG Progress: Access to Water
Geographical Disparities
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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7. MDG Progress: Access to Sanitation
Off Track for MDG Target
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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7. MDG Progress: Access to Sanitation
Geographical Disparities
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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7. MDG Progress: Access to Sanitation
Geographical Disparities
Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
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8. Gaps in MDG Progress
The Urban-Rural Disparity
Source: WHO UNICEF (2012)
…There is still a great deal of progress to be made to increase access to safe water and sanitation in rural areas 22 Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
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9. References
ECOSANRES (Editor) (2010): The Sanitation Ladder – A Need for a Revamp?. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute EcoSanRes Programme. http://www.ecosan.ph/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=120&Itemid=45 [Accessed: 31.05.12] UN (Editor) (2010): Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ [Accessed: 24.05.12] UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY (UNGA) (Editor) (2000): United Nations Millennium Declaration. New York: United Nations General Assembly. http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf
[Accessed 24.05.12] UN MILLENNIUM PROJECT TASK FORCE ON WATER AND SANITATION (UNMP-TWS) (Editor) (2005): Health, Dignity and Development: What Will it Take?. London: United Nations Development Programme. http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/WaterComplete-lowres.pdf
[Accessed 24.05.12] WATERAID.ORG (Editor) (2011): Statistics. http://www.wateraid.org/international/what_we_do/statistics/ [Accessed 24.05.12] WATER AND SANITATION PROGRAM (WSP) (Editor) (2010): The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India. New Delhi: World Bank Water and Sanitation Program. http://www.wsp.org/wsp/featuresevents/features/inadequate-sanitation-costs-india equivalent-64-cent-gdp [Accessed 24.05.12] WHO (Editor); UNICEF (Editor) (2010): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water. 2010 Update. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO) / New York: UNICEF. http://www.unwater.org/downloads/JMP_report_2010.pdf
[Accessed: 24.05.12] WHO (Editor); UNICEF (Editor) (2012): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water. 2010 Update. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO) / New York: UNICEF. http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-report-2012-en.pdf
[Accessed: 31.05.12] Access to Water and Sanitation- the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 23
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