Learning Objectives
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Transcript Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Identify the key components of community
supervision, and
Explain how to apply these components to
sex offenders.
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
1
Components of
Supervision
Caseload
The Case Plan
Organization
Maintaining the Case
The PSI
File
Assessment
Surveillance
Classification
Statutory
Pre-sentence
Requirements
Recommendations Lengthening Periods
Conditions of
of Supervision
Supervision CSOM Long Version: Section 3
2
Relapse Prevention
Offending behavior does not just
“happen”.
Offenders make a series of choices.
Intervention:
Offenders learn about their offense cycles.
Offenders learn to identify risk factors.
Offenders learn to respond appropriately.
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
3
Officers Can Support
Relapse Prevention by:
Helping offender learn his cycle, triggers
Correcting offender’s thinking errors
Promoting use of coping skills
Supporting development of internal
control
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
4
Relapse/Prevention
Relapse Prevention Cycle
Reward/Release
Fe Des
a p
Sh r, G air
am uil
e t,
False
Remor se
Seemingly Unimportant Decision?
Yes
No:
Prevention
Fals
e
(P ro Resol
mis v e
Sto e to
p)
Fal
se
Pro
mi s
e
s
High-Risk Situation
(Sense of control threat ened)
Pretends to be
Normal Phase
u rs o
rs
MCR
Cont s &
in
Laps ued
es
Freeman-Longo
New Hope Treatment Centers
225 M idland P arkway
S um mervil le, SC 29485
Setting Up Offense
Fantasy/Planning
Giving up
Control
AVE
D ru g
s
s
o id
lit y
A v s ib i
n
o
sp
Re
Lapse
s
SU
Ds
P re c
Build-Up
Phase
F
P ea
e s ow r s
po er
ns es
ut
O
t
c e
A
e - ha s
r
P P
R
Relapse
(D ownward Sp iral)
Yes:
Prevention
Lapse
Abstinence Violation Ef fect (giv ing up)
On Going Life Problems
Justification
Phase
Act Out
Phase
Adequate Coping Response
No
ss
re s
pp lem
Su r ob
P
(Payoff for Acting Out)
i ze,
i ni m
M
:
es
fy,
ens , Jus ti me
f
e
y
D
la
Den l ize, B
a
n
o
i
Rat
Abstinence
(sense of cont rol, continued success expect ed)
Adequate Coping Response?
No
Relapse
Yes:
Prevention
(Reof fense)
Trigger
&
Fs
HR CRs
M
*This diagram represent s an “average” off ender’ s cycl e and it s various
phases. T he part icular part s and t hei r order wit hin each phase may vary
among of fenders and some m ay not experience all parts shown
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
5
Specialized Skills for Sex
Offender Supervision
Risk and need assessment
Strategies for high risk situations
Treatment and monitoring tools
Legal liability issues
Legislative mandates (notification, DNA)
Victim issues
Restorative justice
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
6
The PSI Provides
Information Regarding
The offender
The supervision environment
Victim impact
Resources available
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
7
Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations
Risk Assessment:
To community
To victim(s)
Amenability to Treatment
Special Conditions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
8
Elements of the PSI
Document review
Interviews
Assessing probability of reoffense and
amenability to treatment
Developing recommendations
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
9
Documents Essential to
the PSI
Police Affidavit
Sex Offender-specific Evaluation
Mental Health Evaluations
Previous Supervision and Treatment
Records
Military Records
Victim Information
Waivers of Confidentiality
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
10
Interviews Conducted for
the PSI
Offender
Authors of written reports
police
therapists
Family and associates of offender
Victim
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
11
Personal History Items of
the Offender
Family
Marital or other
relationships
Employment
Volunteer and
leisure activities
Financial
Medical
Military
Substance Abuse
Release of
Information
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
12
Interactions with the
Offender during the PSI
Different than during course of treatment
Accept some rationalization or
minimization
Balance:
need for information
need to garner cooperation
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
13
Details of the Offense
Alcohol or drug
use
Anything offender
wanted but didn’t
act on?
Weapons use
Offenders feelings
Has offender ever
CSOM Long Version: tried
Section 3 to stop?
14
Where
Selection of victim
Methods to force
submission
Victim reaction
Elements of crime
that were arousing
Sexual History Topics
How/when the offender learned about sex
What offender’s parents taught him
Dating and first sexual experience
Masturbation patterns and fantasies
Onset of sexual problems
Sexual relationship with significant other
Victimization issues
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
15
Closing the Sexual History
Interview
Emphasize use of information
Non-confidential
Others will have access
Encourage honesty and candor
Prepare offender for his own reactions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
16
Interviews with Victims
USE CAUTION: follow agency policy
Seek training before working with victims
Avoid further trauma to victim
Look for info from other sources first
Listen for impact of crime on victim
Listen for modus operandi of offender
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
17
Collateral Interviews
Family, roommates, neighbors can help
answer:
Who is offender living with?
What are their names and ages?
Do they know of his offense?
Is offender willing to give access?
What are names and criminal histories
of offender’s associates?
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
18
Assessing/Evaluating the Sex Offender to Support
Safe Management in the Community
Who?
Prosecutor
Probation/
Parole Officer
Judge
Treatment
Provider
Polygraph
Examiner
Victim
Advocate
How/Tools?
Actuarial Risk
Assessment
Tools
Psychometric
Scales
Physiological
Tests
-polygraph
-plethysmograph
-Abel Screen
Observation
Interview
Sources of
Information
Assessing what?
Why?
Likelihood of Reoffense
Sentencing
Dangerousness
Deviant Sexual Arousal
Suitability for
Community
Supervision
Severity/Type of
Offense/Reoffense
Level of
Supervision
Amenability to Treatment
Case Plan
Progress in
Treatment
Set Special
Conditions
Treatment Needs
Treatment Plan
Capacity of System to
Manage Offender Safely
Change/Adapt
Supervision
Progress in Treatment
Intervene to
Reduce
Imminent Risk
Offender
Official
Records
Family of
Offender and
Victim
Victim
Offender’s
Employer
Law
Enforcement
PSI
Other
Professionals
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Assessment Supports Many Aspects of Supervision
Evaluating
Lapses/Violations
Setting
Conditions
Developing
Case Plan
Adjusting
Supervision
Approach
Flags to
Look for
Assessment/
Evaluation
Supports:
Adjusting
Conditions
Home/Field
Visit Strategies
Determining
Reporting
Expectations
Collaboration
Strategy w/ Polygraph
Examiner
Collaboration
Strategy w/ Treatment
Provider
Imposing
Sanctions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
Safety Plan
for Victims
20
Identification of Static
Risk Factors
Deviant sexual interest, esp. children
Prior offenses, esp. sexual offenses
Not completing treatment
Sadistic arousal/high level of psychopathy
Young, never married
Unrelated or male child victims
Genital to genital contact w/ children
(Hanson and Bussiere, 1998)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
21
Identification of Dynamic
Risk Factors
Acute
Substance abuse, negative mood, anger/hostility,
victim access
Stable
Intimacy deficits
Negative social influences
Attitudes
Sexual/emotional self-regulation
General self-regulation
(Hanson & Harris, 2000)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
22
Assessing the Probability
of Re-offense
Actuarial tools are most effective.
Generic actuarial tools are not effective
with sex offenders.
Tools specifically designed for sex
offenses are most effective.
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
23
Risk Assessment Methods
and Instruments
Method/Instrument
Type of Recidivism
Sex
CLINICAL
.10
PAST SEX OFFENSE
.19
RRASOR – Rapid Risk Assessment
for Sexual Offense Recidivism
.27
STATIC-99
.33
MnSOST-R
Minnesota Sex Offender
Screening Tool – Revised
.45
VRAG
Violence Risk
Appraisal Guide
PCL-R
Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
violence
any
.06
.14
.02
.12
.32
.20
.44
.18
.27
.27
.26
.35
LSI-R
Level of Service
Inventory - Revised
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
24
Example Instrument:
The RRASOR
Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism (RRASOR)
1. Prior Sex Offenses (not including index offense)
none
0
1 conviction or 1-2 charges
1
2-3 convictions or 3-5 charges
2
4+ convictions or 6+ charges
3
2. Age at Release (current age)
more than 25
0
less than 25
1
3. Victim Gender
only females
0
any males
1
4. Relationship to Victim
only related
0
any non-related
1
Total
---------------------
Hanson, R.K. (1997). The development of a brief actuarial scale for sexual offense recidivism. (user Report No. 1997-04.) Ottawa:
Solicitor General of Canada
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
25
Re-offense Rates on the
RRASOR
Estimated Sex Offense Recidivism Rates
RRASOR
Score
Sample
Size
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
5-Year
Follow-up
10-Year
Follow-up
0
527
20
20
4.4
6.5
1
806
31
51
7.6
11.2
2
742
29
80
14.2
21.1
3
326
13
93
24.8
36.9
4
139
5
98
32.7
48.6
5
52
2
100
49.8
73.1
Total
2592
100
100
13.2
19.5
1 Hanson, R.K. (1997). The Development of a brief actuarial scale for
sexual offense recidivism. (user Report No. 1997-04.) Ottawa: Solicitor
General of Canada.
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
26
Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations
Risk Assessment:
To community
To victim(s)
Amenability to treatment
Special Conditions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
27
Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations (cont.)
Level of Risk to the Community
Probability of re-offense
Past victim characteristics
Risk identified in psycho-sexual evaluation
Risk factors identified during the PSI
Factors that will support safe supervision
Degree of harm anticipated in case of reoffense
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations (cont.)
Amenability to Treatment
Acceptance of responsibility for actions
Understanding of victim impact and trauma
Admits behavior is a problem
Willingness to participate in specialized
treatment
Agrees to comply with sex offense-specific
conditions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
29
Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations (cont.)
Victim Impact and Safety
Degree of trauma suffered by victim
Injury
Financial Loss
Can victim safety be assured?
Victim input regarding conditions
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
30
Pre-sentence Investigation
Recommendations (cont.)
Conditions of Supervision for Sex
Offenders
Specialized for sex offenders
Consistent with standards or legislative
mandates
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
31
Conditions of Supervision
for Sex Offenders
Treatment
Victim Contact
Driving and Travel
Daily Living
Social/Sexual
Behavior
Work
Alcohol and drugs
Disclosure
Polygraph,
Plethysmograph,
other tests
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Indications for Increased
Monitoring
Stress or crisis
Visits with victims or potential victims
Increased denial
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Red Flags for Supervising
Officers
Disengagement
“No showing”
Manipulation
(Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
34
Disengagement
Offender going through motions
Not open to talking about treatment
Not invested in treatment
General non-cooperation with treatment
Silent / non-disclosing
(Hanson, Harris, and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Disengagement
(cont.)
Keeps secrets from you
Any feeling client is being “phony”
Feeling you don’t know what’s going on
with offender in general
Feeling offender is working against you
(Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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“No-Showing”
Frequently late
Misses appointments with you/others
Frequently wants to reschedule
Tries to limit meeting time
“Working against you”
Violates conditions
(Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Manipulation
Makes inappropriate requests
Inconsistencies between what offender
and treatment team tell you
Catching offender in lies / contradictions
Curt / rude / threatening with you
Any feeling offender is being “phony”
(Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Manipulation
(cont.)
Tries to “play the system”
Tries to take control of interview
Tries to be “buddy-buddy” with you
Attempts to focus interview on irrelevant
issues
Takes inordinate amount of your time
(Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
39
Situations Requiring
Immediate Removal of Offender
Possession of dangerous weapon
Contact with children initiated by offender
and not reported
Substance use that is part of offense cycle
Offender physically harms another person
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Responses to Limit Risk
Limiting access to victims
Electronic monitoring or curfews
No contact orders
Restrictions on movement
Increased monitoring, contact, treatment
Pre-revocation contracts
Admissions to violations
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
41
Amending Conditions of
Supervision
When new information becomes available
To provide more control over offender
To reward positive compliance
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Developing a Case Plan
Forms basis for supervision
Involvement of offender is key
All changes and updates should be
carefully documented
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
43
The Case Plan:
Two Major Elements
Controlling the offender’s environment
Assuring participation in sex offenderspecific treatment
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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An Appropriate Treatment
Referral--Issues to Consider
Substance abuse?
Pharmacological intervention?
Family reunification?
New information from a polygraph?
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
45
Maintaining the Case File
Combats deception / tracks patterns
Clarifies expectations
Makes new information easily available
(e.g., evaluations, polygraph results, etc.)
Documentation for revocation
Enables continuity if personnel changes
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
46
Increasing Requirements
on Probation and Parole
Community Notification
Registration
DNA testing
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
47
Lengthening Periods of
Supervision
Currently in Arizona, Colorado, and Iowa
Pro-active risk management
Acknowledges long-term nature of
problem
Provides great flexibility
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
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Surveillance as a Tool for
Sex Offender Supervision
Allows greater control and monitoring-24/7
Monitors compliance with conditions
Supplements resources of the
probation/parole officer
CSOM Long Version: Section 3
49