20-1

A.

The Kingdom Protista

What Is a Protist?

-Any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or a prokaryote -Catch All Kingdom –mostly unicellular, eukaryotes

Euplotes Spirogyra

Radiolarian

B. Evolution of protists -First eukaryotic organisms on earth C. Classification of Protists -Based on how they obtain nutrients and how they move

Stentor

20-2 Animallike Protists: Protozoans

Four Phyla: 1) 2) 3) 4) Zooflagellates Sarcodines Ciliates Sporozoans

1)    Zooflagellates: Flagella Usually in aquatic environment Asexual and sexual reproduction

2) Sarcodines  Pseudopods (move using cytoplasmic projections)  Amoeboid movement  Shells of calcium carbonate or silica

Amoeba

Amoeba

Contractile vacuole Nucleus Food vacuole Pseudopods

3) Ciliates  Use cilia to swim, free-moving  Internal anatomy: macro- and micronucleus, contractile vacuole  Conjugation: exchange genetic information, not reproduction

Paramecium

Paramecium – (Ciliate)

Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Food vacuoles Cilia

4) Sporozoans  Reproduce by sporozoites  parasites

Plasmodium

A.

20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae

Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments – help harvest light energy B.

1) 2) 3) 4 Types: Euglenophytes Chrysophytes Diatoms 4) Dinoflagellates

Acetabularia Calyculus

Euglenophytes

 2 flagella  No cell wall  Pellicle (intricately folded cell membrane)  Eyespot (helps find sunlight)

Euglena

Chrysophytes

 Gold-colored chloroplast  Store food as oil  Reproduce sexually and asexually

Diatoms

 Cell walls with silicon  Glasslike

Dinoflagellates

 Photosynthetic AND heterotrophic  Luminescent  Reproduce asexually (binary fission)

Peridinium

Ecology of Unicellular Algae

 Phytoplankton: Photosynthetic  Algal blooms  recycle wastes  if they die they can deprive O 2 from the water

20-4 Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae     Red Algae Chlorophyll a and phycobilins (blue light) Can live deeper in water Multicellular

 Brown Algae  Chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin  Multicellular  Largest

Fucus Sargassum

 Green Algae  Chlorophyll a and b  Cellulose in cell walls  Probably ancestors of modern land plants  Unicellular and multicellular

Volvox

 Unicellular Green Algae  Contractile vacuoles 

Chlamydomonas

• Reproduction: diploid/haploid generations alternation of generations

 Multicellular Green Algae 

Ulva

 Reproduction: gametophytes and sporophytes

20-5 Funguslike Protists

 Have centrioles  Lack chitin in cell walls  Two types:   Slime Molds Water Molds Oomycota

Tubifera ferruginosa

Slime Molds

 Cellular – cells remain distinct or separated  Acellular – cells fuse to form large cells Cellular: Acellular

Water Molds

 Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water  Some are plant parasites on land

 Ecology of funguslike protists:  Beneficial function: decomposers  Harmful function: cause plant diseases  Water Molds and the Potato Famine