Transcript DNA DATABASE EXPANSION IN THE 2001 STATE LEGISLATURES

DNA DATABASE EXPANSION
2001
CODIS Conference
Washington D.C.
October 29, 2001
Presented by
Tim Schellberg, JD - Smith Alling Lane, P.S.
Tacoma, WA (253) 627-1091
Washington, DC (202) 258-2301
[email protected]
Reviewing DNA Database Expansion
Legislation in 1999 and 2000
1999 - Estimated 10 states introduced bills
and 6 passed
2000 - 19 States introduced bill and 8
passed
Identified trends in 1999 & 2000
 Steady, yet conservative growth
 Focus on violent crimes and burglary
 Very few states considering all felons
 State and federal legislators starting to fund
DNA databasing
DNA Database Expansion (2000)
In 2000, 19 states introduced legislation to expand the
offenders from whom DNA samples are required
PASSED (8)
DID NOT PASS (11)
Arizona -- Most non-drug related
felonies
Alaska -- Burglary
Colorado -- Most non-drug related
felonies
Connecticut-- Fingerprintable arrests
Florida -- Burglary
Georgia -- All felony convictions
New Jersey -- Several violent
felonies
California -- All felony convictions
Hawaii -- Most violent crimes
Kentucky -- Most violent crimes
Mississippi -- All felony convictions
New York -- All misdemeanor and
felony convictions
South Carolina -- Most non-drug
related felonies
Pennsylvania -- Most violent crimes
South Dakota - Most non-drug
related felonies
Ohio -- Most non-drug related
felonies
West Virginia -- Most non-drug
related felonies
Rhode Island -- Breaking and
entering & assault
Washington -- All felony convictions
DNA Database Expansion in the
2001 Legislature
F
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F F
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Current all-felons states
Passed 2001 Legislation
F
Pending 2001 Legislation
Defeated 2001 Legislation
35 states have introduced over 110 bills to expand the state
offender DNA database to include more felons.
Of these states, 25 have introduced bills to expand the DNA
database to include all convicted felons.
2001 Expansion Bills
Alaska
SB 99 - Halford & Murkowski
Burglary
Passed
Arkansas
HB 1376 - Hunt
Burglary
Passed
HB 1259 - Verkamp
All Felons
Failed
Arizona
SB 1171 - Smith
All Felons
Failed
California
AB 673 - Migden
Burglary, robbery, arson,
Passed
carjacking
Colorado
HB 1130 - Grossman
All Felons
Passed
Connecticut
SB 89 - Brien
Violent felonies, burglary
Failed
Delaware
HB 4 - Ewing
All Felons
Failed
Florida
SB 366 - Villalobos & Silver
All Felons
Passed
Hawaii
Multiple bills (HB -1577 Marumoto) All Felons
Failed
Iowa
HF 254 - Baudler
All Felons
Failed
Illinois
HB 452 - Lyons
Stalking, concealment of a
Passed
homicide
Indiana
SB 316 - Alexa
Probationers & parolees
Passed
Kansas
SB 263 - Felciano
Burglary, misdemeanor
Passed
sex offenses
Kentucky
HB 33 - Younts
All Felons
Failed
Maine
LD 1565 - Carr
Class A,B & C crimes
Passed
Michigan
Multiple bills
All Felons
Passed
(Van Regenmorter, Faunce,
Kooiman, others)
2001 Expansion Bills
Minnesota
Multiple bills
All Felons
Failed
Mississippi
Missouri
Multiple bills
HB 835 - Boucher
All Felons
All Felons
Failed
Failed
Montana
HB 359 - Clark
All Felons
Passed
North Carolina
HB 1127 - Blust
All Felons
Pending
North Dakota
HB 1208 - Klemin
Violent felons, burglary
Passed
New Hampshire
SB 30 - Hollingworth
Murder, assault, arson, rob.
Failed
New Jersey
SB 2236 - Bucco
Robbery, carjacking, criminal
Pending
restraint
Nevada
AB 489 - Gustavson
A, B & C felonies
Passed
New York
SB 5640
All Felons
Pending
Oklahoma
SB 753 - Wilkerson
Robbery, burglary, kidnap,
Passed
maiming
Oregon
SB 920 HB 2664 - Minnis
and Winters
All Felons
Passed
Pennsylvania
SB 259 - Dent
Burglary
Pending
Rhode Island
SB 92 - Brien
Crimes of violence
Passed
South Carolina
SB 492 - McConnell
2nd degree burglary
Passed
Texas
HB 588 - Garcia
All Felons
Passed
SB 638 - Barrientos
Indictments for certain crimes
Passed
Washington
HB 1335 - Miloscia
All Felons
Failed
West Virginia
HB 2456 - Pino
Arson, burglary, forgery
Failed
Failed
X Senate Bill 1171 (Smith) -- All felons.

Collection, but no analysis
Passed
 House Bill 1130 (Grossman) -- All felons.

In custody of Department of Corrections

Allocates anticipated federal funding
Passed
 Senate Bill 366 (Villalobos & Silver) -- All felons.

Phased in over 4 years

Subject to specific appropriation
Passed
 Senate Bill 316 (Alexa)

Obtains samples from specified offenders not in
the custody of the Department of Corrections.
Passed
 Legislative Document 1565 (Carr) -- Class A, B &
C Crimes.

Expands offenses for databasing, but repeals current
law that requires collection from juveniles.

Opposed by the state crime lab - the reduction of
juveniles will be greater than the expansion of crimes
for databasing.
Passed
 Multiple all felon bills.

Very Comprehensive

Some misdemeanor

Adds Juveniles

Seems to have aggressive agency support
Failed
X House Bill 440 (Boucher) -- All felons.

Defeated at the last minute

Agency did not support the bill
Passed Two Bills
 House Bill 588 (Garcia) -- All felons.

Not retroactive

No juveniles

Contingent on federal or “other” funding

Penalties for misuse of data
 Senate Bill 638 (Barrientos) -- Indictments for
certain sex crimes and burglary.

Where is murder and robbery?

What will the courts do?

Can federal money be used?
FY 2002 Federal Funding
Outlook for DNA
Congressional Budget (Pre-Conference)
 HOUSE PROPOSAL:
$40 Million for DNA Backlog Elimination
$35 Million for Crime Lab Improvement Program (CLIP)
 SENATE PROPOSAL
$70 Million for CLIP/DNA Program
(over $17 million earmarked)
Trends From 2001
Legislatures
All-Felons
 In 2000, only 5 states attempted the all-
felons legislation. This year, 25 states
introduced the all-felons legislation.
Less Active Opposition
 The Texas ACLU decided
to not oppose the allfelons bill
All-Felons DNA Database Expansion
in the 2001 Legislature
Introduced all-felons legislation in 2001
Introduced all felons legislation in 2000
Already require DNA samples from all felons
2000
2001
5 all-felons bills introduced
25 all-felons bills introduced
Trends (continued)
Secure authority now and worry
about the implementation ($$)
later
State reliance on federal funding
Legislatures rejecting arrestee
databasing
What a difference a year
makes!
In 2000 only 8 states passed DNA
expansion bills. In 2001 an estimated
22 states will pass expansion legislation.
Why the change?
 New
data
 Success of the database
 Citizen demand
DNA Database Expansion Successes:
Past, Present, Future
1999 (6 states)
2000 (8 states)
2001 (22 states, est.)
Policy Concerns
Developing in 2001
Non-retroactive.
Limiting collection to those in the
custody of the Corrections Department.
Exempting juveniles (Maine and Texas).
Arrestee Testing
Political Reality
Very few state legislatures will pass
arrestee databasing legislation.
How can arrestee testing work around
the legislature?
Collect DNA upon arrest, compare to
unsolved database, then discard if not
convicted of qualifying offense.
No databasing means no legislation is
needed.
Arrestee Testing, cont.
Benefit - Ensure that suspect in custody is not
wanted for other unsolved crime
Considerations
 City and County law enforcement would run program.
 Change in federal CODIS statute would enhance
results.
 Would states law allow it?
• Statutes?
• State Constitutions?
 Should local agencies create their own arrestee
databases?
Arrestee Testing, cont.
Creating the model pilot for arrestee testing
Large urban city or county P.D.
A significant database of unsolved DNA cases
should exist in the state where pilot is located
City or county operates own laboratory
Discussions of DNA for visa
background checks raises
another question...
“Have we ever considered
taking DNA for criminal
background checks in the
United States?”
Currently, millions of Americans provide
fingerprints prior to employment for
criminal background checks. Should they
also have their DNA checked against the
unsolved database?
Forensic DNA
in Other Parts of the World
ANNOUNCEMENT
Smith Alling Lane is pleased to welcome
Chris Asplen, currently the Executive
Director on the Future of DNA Evidence.
Effective January 2002, Chris will join
Smith Alling Lane where he will focus on
development of forensic
DNA policy in Europe.
He will be located in
London, England.
Questions
Tim Schellberg, J.D. - Smith Alling Lane, P.S.
Washington DC (202) 258-2301
Tacoma, WA (253) 627-1091
[email protected]