Transcript Slide 1

IAEA Technical Meeting/Workshop on Evaluation Methodology for Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development
Nuclear Infrastructure Development Evaluation:
Perspectives from the United States
Dr. Marc A. Humphrey
Office of Nuclear Energy, Safety and Security
U.S. Department of State
December 10, 2008
Newcomer’s Perspective
As the “Milestones” document shows:
• Nuclear power is a serious,
long-term commitment
• Many overlapping infrastructure
elements, to be developed in parallel
• Requires a strategic allocation of
often scarce resources
Benefits of Cooperation
Newcomers have much to gain from cooperation:
• Governments can share best practices and lessons learned
• Industry can supply “hardware” and “software”
− Nuclear technology
− Expert advice
− Training
− Capacity building
Technology Holder’s Perspective
Technology holders must also allocate finite resources:
• Governments must prioritize engagements
• Industry must choose markets carefully
Therefore, technology holders are faced with several
important considerations…
Who is Serious?
Commitment: sound decision-making and clear signs of
preparation – Phase 1
• Explain justification for decision to pursue nuclear power
• Adopt and adhere to international standards
– Safety, security, nonproliferation, liability
• Establish NEPIO to oversee infrastructure development
• Demonstrate long-term planning
Who is Ready?
Readiness: concrete steps taken to develop
infrastructure – Phase 2
• Establish requisite structures and institutions
• Prepare for international obligations
• Cultivate human resources
• Develop long-term, integrated strategy
• Openly evaluate infrastructure development
Who is Committed to Peaceful Uses?
Peaceful intentions:
• Openness and transparency
• Adoption and adherence
to nonproliferation norms
• Development of capacities
to meet international obligations
Infrastructure Development Evaluation
Benefits:
• Deepen understanding and enhance capacity
• Demonstrate determination to commit resources
• Establish international confidence
• Identify and prioritize needs
Once needs and priorities are well established, states can
seek appropriate forms of cooperation and assistance.
Civil Nuclear Cooperation
with the United States
Cooperation with the United States
Joint Declaration on Nuclear Energy and Nonproliferation
• Proposes broad range of cooperation:
- Human resources
- Legal and regulatory frameworks
- Safety and security cultures
- Reliable access to nuclear fuel
• Seeks tangible commitments to highest standards
• Promotes international nuclear fuel markets
Cooperation with the United States
Department of State
As largest contributor to IAEA TCF:
• Funds projects
• Sponsors IAEA fellowships and traineeships
• Funds courses to develop human resources
• Contributes to IAEA Infrastructure Development Project
Also, coordinates nuclear cooperation policies.
Cooperation with the United States
Department of Energy
• Energy planning
• Site characterization
• Grid-appropriate reactors
• Safety evaluations
• Radioactive waste management
• Spent fuel management
• Decontamination and decommissioning
Cooperation with the United States
Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
• Expand use of nuclear power
• Establish reliable nuclear fuel services
• Support grid-appropriate reactors
• Enhance nuclear safeguards technology
• Develop and deploy recycle technology
• Develop and deploy advanced recycle reactors
• Minimize nuclear waste
Addressed by
U.S. AFCI
program and
other advanced
fuel cycle
partners
Cooperation with the United States
Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
Statement of Principles signed by
25 Partner States.
• Infrastructure Development
Working Group
• Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services
Working Group
Cooperation with the United States
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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Nuclear-related legislation, rules, and regulations
Nuclear safety and security
Radioactive waste safety and security
Nuclear reactor licensing and design certification
Regulatory strengthening pilot projects
with Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Vietnam.
Information exchange arrangements with 39 partners.
Cooperation with the United States
International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program
Safeguards implementation assistance, training, and equipment:
• SSAC and AP implementation support
Nuclear infrastructure development:
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Safeguards legal and regulatory effectiveness
Human resources development
Research reactor safety and operations
Radiation protection / Radioactive waste management
Environmental monitoring / Emergency planning
Cooperation with Algeria, Argentina, Egypt, Indonesia, Libya,
Morocco, Peru, Romania, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Cooperation with the United States
U.S. Export-Import Bank
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Export credits tied to U.S. content
Direct loans
Loan guarantees
Political risk insurance
Past nuclear-sector loan guarantees with Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Lithuania, Mexico, Romania, and Russia.
Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation
Benefits of good management and
careful coordination:
• Increase efficiency
• Conserve resources
• Reduce duplication of effort
• Attract bilateral cooperation
• Attract industry investment
Summary
The road to nuclear power is long.
There is much to gain through cooperation.
Keys to attracting technology-holder investment:
• Clear, long-term commitment to highest standards
• Concrete steps toward sound infrastructure
• Transparent evaluation of infrastructure development
Careful coordination will increase efficiency, conserve
resources, and attract technology-holder investment.