Transcript MARITIME TRANSPORT SYSTEM - Univerza v Ljubljani

PORTS
Marina Zanne
[email protected]
Introduction
• interface between land and sea transport
• weakest link in a transport chain
• gateway as it is that through the ports countries trade
with the rest of the world
• port users: ships, cargo/passengers, land carriers
• different port administrative structures
• port planning
Banks
Ports
Economy,
IM/EX
comp
State
Stevadors
Ships
Towage,
pilotage
Terminals
Inspection
Port
authority
Cargo
Customs
Freigh
forwarders,
agents
Land carries
services
infrastucture
Users – The ship
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channels fairways, breakwaters etc.
turning areas, docks, locks etc
aids to navigation
repair areas and services
navigation information and radio-telephone service
pilotage
towage
provisions, stores and bunkering
services
superstucture
Users – Cargo / passengers
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sheds
cargo and passenger terminals
stacking areas
warehouses
tankfarms and silos for liquid commodities
cranes and various handling appliances
cargo handling
lighterage
services
superstucture
infrastucture
Users – Land carriers
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roads
railway tracks
marshalling yards
waiting docks
lorry and car parks
pipes
lorry appointment schemes
wagon appointment schemes
Container terminal
Bulk ship / terminal
LNG terminal
Types of port governance
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service port,
tool port,
landlord port and
private port.
Service port
• land and all assets are owned by government, and
managed by a port authority
• performance of operations is under the control of the port
authority
• the perception is that privatization increases port
efficiency  number of service ports worldwide has
steadily declined
• services privatization
• assets privatization (mainly in UK)
Tool port
• land and assets owned by government, and managed by
a port authority
• cargo-handling activities are provided by private cargohandling firms
Landlord port
• the port is owned by government and managed by a port
authority
• the port authority of a landlord port gives up its control
over port operations by leasing the port’s infrastructure
to private terminal operators for their operation of the
port
• private terminal operators may provide and maintain
their own buildings, purchase and install their own
equipment on the port’s grounds, and hire dockworkers.
Private port
• land and infrastructure are privately owned and the
operations are under the control of the private owner or a
private operator to which the operations of the port are
leased
Types of port governance
Port type
Service port
Tool port
Landlord
port
Private
service port
Responsability
Infrastructure
State
State
State
Private
Superstructure
State
State
Private
Private
Port employees
State
Private
Private
Private
Other tasks
Mainily
public
Misc
Misc
Mainly
private
WORLD PORT RANKING - 2007
TOTAL CARGO VOLUME
CONTAINER TRAFFIC
THOUSANDS OF TONS
TEUs - Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units
RANK PORT
COUNTRY
MEASURE
1
Shanghai
China
metric
2
Singapore
Singapore
freight
3
Ningbo-Zhoushan
China
metric
4
Rotterdam
Netherlands
metric
5
Guangzhou
China
metric
6
Tianjin
China
7
Qingdao
8
TONS
561.446
RANK PORT
COUNTRY
1
Singapore
Singapore
2
Shanghai
China
3
Hong Kong
China
4
Shenzhen
China
341.363
5
Yingkou(Liaonian)
China
metric
309.465
6
Busan
South Korea
China
metric
265.020
7
Rotterdam
Netherlands
Qinhuangdao
China
metric
245.964
8
Dubai Ports
UAE
9
Hong Kong
China
metric
9
Kaohsiung
Taiwan
10
Busan
South Korea
revenue
10
Hamburg
Germany
11
Dalian
China
metric
11
Qingdao
China
12
Nagoya
Japan
freight
12
Ningbo
China
13
South Louisiana
US
metric
13
Guangzhou
China
14
Shenzhen
China
metric
14
Los Angeles
US
15
Kwangyang
South Korea
revenue
15
Antwerp
Belgium
483.616
471.630
401.181
245.433
243.564
222.859
215.602
207.785
199.190
198.190
TEUS
27.935.500
26.152.400
23.998.449
21.103.800
13.713.000
13.254.703
10.790.604
10.653.026
10.256.829
9.917.180
9.430.600
9.258.800
9.200.000
8.355.038
8.175.951
Port planning
• day-to-day information
• berth status
• expected arrivals and departures
• man/plant employment (shortage/surplus)
• periodical information
• works and maintenance progress reports
• operations: statistics, ratios, indicators
• finance: financial results
Port planning
• outside the port
• trade trends (local/national)
• commercial shipping
• the port in the public eye
Port planning – Statistics & performance
indicators
• general activity statistics; port‘s role in national economy:
• no. of ships in/out aggregate tonnage of ships in/out
• total tonnage of cargoes in/out (passengers) 
followed by more detailed statistics
• technical/operational statistics; cargo handling activities
in refernce to capacities:
• handling rates & transfer modes between ship and
land conveyances (or ships)
• cost and revenue analysis; financial performance of the
port
 predicting from the past performance
Port planning – Performance indicators
• production rates; port/berth/cargo performance index
[tonnes/hour]
• berth occupancy factor;
• superficial throughput; [tonnes/square metre/year]
• overall perfomance indicator; total tonnage in/out,
aggregate ship‘s time in port, cost of ship‘s idle time,
number of ships, average dwell time of cargo, average
value of cargo per tonne, aggregate handling costs
including idle time of labour and euipment.
Sources & further reading
• Baudelaire J.-G.: Port administration and
management,1986
• Port reform toolkit (2007), http://web.worldbank.org/