Transcript Why do we have rules?

European Forces Swim League
(EFSL)
Official’s Clinic
“EFSL COMPETITIVE SWIMMING”
Neil Higgins – EFSL / NTS Head
Official / Referee
2 October 2013
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Bottomline - why do we have
rules?
To provide fair and
equitable conditions of
competition
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Generalities
• Well run meets and good results are directly related to good
officiating
• Dress accordingly – black or blue shorts & white collar shirt
• Remember that swimmers have worked hard to achieve their
success and deserve fair and equitable conditions of
competition
• Rules have to be applied intelligently at all times, using
common sense and good judgment
• Fairness to all competitors giving the ‘Benefit of the Doubt’, in
every instance, to the swimmer
• We are not here to disqualify, but to ensure fair, consistent
and equitable decisions
• Jewelry & Tattoos Issues & Concerns
• Do not be afraid to ask questions
• Counters are only permitted to be used in events long
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distance events (800, 1500m events)
Agenda
 Basic Concepts – Part 1
 Strokes - Part 2
 Basic Concepts – Part 3
- DQ procedures
- Starter
- Referee
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Basic Concepts
Part 1
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Take officiating seriously
Work regularly at the job
Be professional
Know Disabilities
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Take officiating seriously
and work hard at it
Officials owe the swimmers correctness,
fairness, equality and courtesy!
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Study the rule book
Uniformly interpret and apply rules
Call violations as you see them
Be fair, equal and consistent
Disregard team affiliation
Exercise good judgment
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Work regularly at the job
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Attend training sessions (Annual Refresher)
Officials need practice
Working regularly builds confidence
Keep up with rule changes and new
interpretations
There is no substitute for experience
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Be professional in your duties
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Fairness and equality to all competitors
shall dictate actions
You will get wet….don’t be surprised!
Make decisions quickly and decisively
Avoid coaching swimmers
Refrain from cheering
Admit mistakes if wrong
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Disabilities
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Judge in accordance with rules - Art 105
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Do not judge a part of the body that is
absent or cannot be used
Base your judgment on actual rules, not the
swimmers technique
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STROKES
Part 2
• Freestyle
• Backstroke
• Breaststroke
• Butterfly
• Individual Medley
• Medley Relay
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FREESTYLE
Start - Forward Start
Body Position - No restriction upon body position, except…
if submerged at start, turns, head must break the water
surface by the 15m mark
Stroke - Any stroke style may be used
Kick - Any kick style may be used
Turn / Finish:
• If a swimmer does not touch the wall during a turn, they
may return to touch the wall in any manner as long as
the length is not completed--sculling back is not
mandatory
• Any part of the body may touch at each end
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BACKSTROKE
(1 of 2)
Start
• Start in the water with back to the course
• Feet or toes may NOT be in or bent over the edge of the
gutter
• Hands placed on gutter or on the starting grips!!
Body Position
• Must swim “on the back”, except for turns
• Head must break the water surface by the 15m mark at the
start and after every turn
Stroke - Any stroke style may be used
Kick - Any kick style may be used
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BACKSTROKE
(2 of 2)
Turns:
• Upon completion of each length, some part of the
swimmer must touch the wall
* During the turn, the shoulders may be turned past the
vertical toward the breast after which a continuous single
arm pull or a continuous simultaneous double arm pull
may be used to execute the turn…..GLIDING IS
PROHIBITED!!!!
• The swimmer must have returned to a position on the
back upon leaving the wall.
Finish:
• Upon the finish of the race, the swimmer must touch the
wall while on the back
• Swimmer may be completely submerged when finishing!!
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BREASTSTROKE
(1 of 2)
Start – Forward start
Body Position:
• Must swim “on the breast”
• Head must break the water surface before hands turn
inward at widest part of second stroke
Stroke:
• Arms shall move simultaneously and in same horizontal
plane, not alternating
• The hands shall not be brought back beyond the hip line,
except during the first stroke after the start and each turn
• The stroke cycle must be one arm stroke and one leg kick
in that order
• After the start and after each turn, the swimmer may take
one arm stroke completely back to the legs
• Head must break surface during each “stroke cycle”
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BREASTSTROKE
(2 of 2)
Kick:
• Feet turned out
• Scissors, flutter or downward butterfly kick NOT permitted with
exception
Turn:
• Touch both hands simultaneously at, above or below water surface
• Head may be submerged at turn or finish
• Turn any manner however, must be on breast off wall
• Submerged: 1st stroke below hipline - OK
• 2nd stroke - head breaks surface before hands inward
• On Start or at turns the first arm pull must be started prior to
commencement of the dolphin kick
• A single dolphin kick followed by a Breaststroke kick is permitted
while fully submerged
• Last stroke - elbows may go above water surface
Finish:
• Touch wall with both hands simultaneously at, above or below the
water surface
• Elbows may go above water surface
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BUTTERFLY
(1 of 2)
Start:
• Forward start
• On breast - Side-kicking allowed under water
• <15m submerged before breaking the surface of the water
Stroke:
• On breast
• One or more leg kicks, but only one arm pull under water which must
bring swimmer to the surface
• Both arms” must be brought forward “over the water" and pulled
back simultaneously
• Arms may scrape the top of the water as they come forward (may hit
waves and create splashes)
Turn:
• Touch w/both hands simultaneously at, above, or below water surface
• Turn in any manner
• Head must break the water surface by the 15m mark
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BUTTERFLY
(2 of 2)
Kick:
• Legs & feet simultaneously (vertically) - no scissors or
breaststroke kick
Finish: Touch wall with both hands simultaneously at,
above, or below the water surface
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INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY
Start:
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Forward start
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<15m submerged for Butterfly, Back, & Free
Stroke:
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Butterfly, Back, Breast, Free order
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Same rules apply to stroke being swum
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Freestyle cannot be fly, breast, or backstroke
Turn:
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Wall must be touched in manner prescribed for finish
by stroke being swum
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Backstroke must finish on back
Finish:
• Touch wall any manner, any part of the body
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MEDLEY RELAY
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Back, Breast, Butterfly, Free order
Must surface at 15m mark for strokes
Same rules apply to stroke being swum
Freestyle cannot be fly, breast, or backstroke
No swimmer shall swim more than 1-leg in race
Swimmer other than 1st swimmer shall not start until
teammate has concluded his leg (HO/Starter)
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EFSL DQ Codes
Breaststroke
Miscellaneous
3A Alternating Kick
7N Swimmer made use of aids
3B Non-simultaneous kick
7O False start
3C Downward butterfly kick
7P Declared false start
Butterfly
3D Scissors kick / Feet not turned out
7Q Did not finish
1A Alternating Kick
3E Hands brought beyond the hipline
7R Delay of meet
1B Kick breaststroke type
during stroke
7S Entered water without permission
3F Non-simultaneous arms
7T Interfered with another swimmer
1C Scissors kick
3G Arms two strokes underwater at start
7U Walking on or springing from bottom
1E Non-simultaneous arms
or
after
turn
7V Standing on bottom
1F Arms underwater recovery
3H Arms not in same horizontal plane
7W Pulling on lane line
1G Did not bring arms forward “over” water
3I Elbows recovered “over” water
7X Finish in wrong lane
1J One hand touch
3J One hand touch
7Y Unsportsmanlike conduct
1K No touch
3K No touch
1L Non-simultaneous touch
3L Non-simultaneous touch
1M Shoulders not at or past vertical towards
3M Shoulders not at or past vertical towards
breast off the wall
breast off the wall
1N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters
3P Head under for 2 or more strokes
1O More than one arm pull under water after start or turn 3Q Incomplete stroke cycle other than one pull
followed by one kick
Backstroke
Relay (BK / BRST / FLY / FR)
2I No touch at turn
61 Stroke Infraction swimmer #1
2J Non-continuous turning action
62 Stroke Infraction swimmer #2
2K Not on back off wall
63 Stroke Infraction swimmer #3
2L Shoulders past vertical toward breast
64 Stroke Infraction swimmer #4
2N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters
66 Early take-off swimmer #2
2P Toes curled over gutter after the start
67 Early take-off swimmer #3
2Q - Did not finish on back
68 Early take-off swimmer #4
6P Changed order of swimmers
6Q Not enough swimmers
Freestyle
4K No touch on turn
IM
4N Head did not break the surface by 15 meters
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5P Strokes out of sequence – (Fly / Back / Breast / Free)
5Q Freestyle swum as backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly
Official’s DQ Codes 2013-2014
Basic Concepts
Part 3
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Mental Traps
Disqualifications
DQ Procedure
Starter Miscellaneous
 False Starts
 Referee
 During the Meet
 After the Meet
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Mental Traps
Lead to poor or sloppy judgments!
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Twice theory: “I must see it twice.” - No!
We do not disqualify 8&U..…WRONG!
Do not infer or extrapolate
Ugly or unusual is NOT inevitably illegal
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Disqualification
(1 of 2)
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Can be made only by the official in whose Jurisdiction
the infraction has been made – See Pool Layout Slide
Disregard the opinion of others and team affiliation
Be sure violation occurred and be prepared to explain it!
If in doubt, give the swimmer the benefit of any doubt!
Unsafe/unsportsmanlike conduct must be reported to
the Referee (disciplinary action)
Report swimming across lanes (swimmer must start and
finish in the same lane)
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SOUTHERN DIVISIONALS
2013
Window - Airfield
Window - Airfield
Marshalling
Timers
Starter
HO
Spectators
Disqualification
(2 of 2)
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Standing on the pool’s bottom, except freestyle (cannot
step, walk or spring)
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A swimmer not entered in a race who enters the pool or
course before all swimmers have completed the race
shall be barred from the next individual event on that day
(Referee’s discretion)
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Not permissible to wear or use any device or substance
to help speed or buoyancy during race (e.g., excessive
use of oil or grease)
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Disqualification: Relays
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No swimmer shall swim more than one leg in any relay
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Proper sequence of strokes - Medley relay order:
Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly, Freestyle
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A swimmer other than the first swimmer shall not start
until his teammate has concluded his leg (Dual
jurisdiction)
Any relay team member and his/her relay team shall be
disqualified from a race if a team member other than the
swimmer designated to swim that leg enters the pool in
the area where the race is being conducted before all
swimmers of all teams have finished the race
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Deliberate Delay or Misconduct
Any swimmer may be disqualified from an event:
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Who delays the start by entering the water
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Willfully or deliberately disobeying a command to step
on the blocks or to take a starting position
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For any other misconduct taking place at the start
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The Referee shall disqualify a swimmer who fails to
appear at the starting platform ready to swim in time
for the initial start of his|her heat.
– Such disqualification shall not be charged as a false
start.
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DQ Procedure
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Call the violation – raise the arm or the DQ is not valid!!! (apply
simple test, doubt, mental traps, you can also change your mind after
you raise your hand)
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Other S&T Official covers down on vacant position
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Proceed behind timer (Mark card front in RED with /, DQ. Back: DQ
Code, Explanation (if required), Time, Distance when the infraction
occurred and initials of the official)
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Tell the swimmer (“Good job but you are DQ’ed in this race
because..., Go and tell your coach”)
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Submit card (to Referee for review / initials) (Some pools use
“runners” to submit cards, therefore return card to timers)
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Get back to your position immediately
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DQ Procedure (Cards)
Swimmer: Doug Vaughn ID #: SMIT123456
13 - 14 Boys 100m Breaststroke
Event:
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Time 1
1:28.84
Heat:
5
Time 2
1:29.18
Lane:
3
Time 3
1:27.56
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DQ Procedure
-Back of card3E - Hands below waistline Hipline
NAH - Ref
MPP – S&T
1315
75m at the turn
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Starter
One of the most important roles on deck: Ensure
all swimmers get a fair start!
Preparation:
• Review and be familiar with rules and schedule of events.
• Familiarize yourself with guidelines and rules for officiating
swimmers with disabilities.
• Check & be familiar with equipment: whistle, pistol,
electronic-starter, false start rope, etc. Electronic strobe
signal visible to all manual timers
• Find best position for you, and relay take-off judge (if
being used)
• Warning Signals (Bell Lap) - With the exception of relays,
in events 800 Meters or longer (for lead swimmer, not
individuals)
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False Starts (1 of 3)
Procedures:
• Any swimmer starting before the starting signal is given shall be
disqualified if the Referee independently observes and confirms
Starter´s observation that a violation occurred
• Swimmers remaining on the starting blocks shall be relieved
from their starting positions with the “Stand up” command and
may step off the blocks
• Should a swimmer fall in and the stand-up command is given,
the swimmer may be permitted to swim the event w/the
understanding the DQ will be written up
• If the starting signal has been given before the disqualification is
declared, the race shall continue without recall if the violation
occurred, the swimmer or swimmers who have false started
shall be disqualified upon completion of the race
• Dual confirmation from Starter and Referee – no hand signal
given!
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False Starts (2 of 3)
Procedures:
• If the recall signal is activated inadvertently, no swimmer shall
be charged with a false start
• A swimmer who would otherwise be charged with a false start
may be relieved of the charge if the false start was caused by
the swimmer´s reaction to the “stand up” command.
• Enforcement of the correct starting position is the responsibility
of the Starter
• Swimmers will be disqualified for “rocking or any slight
movement” on the starting blocks after the command – “Take
your Mark”
• Both the Starter and Referree will confer that a violation has
occured before disqualifying a swimmer
• Recall procedures must be made prior to the start of the swim
meet!
• Relay Exchange – both the Starter and Referre (or exchange
officials) must watch carefully – See pic
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False Starts (3 of 3)
(Sigonella
Sep 2010)
Referee / Starter – DQ or No DQ? Are photos / videos permitted to identify
possible violation? NO – Photo appears to be legal exhange however, on deck
decision by Ref/Starter will have the final ruling!!
End state - both the Referee & Starter will confer that a violation has occured!!34
Referee
RUNS THE MEET!
Know the rules - Use “Common Sense.”
• Before the meet - See the meet manager, the
administrative referee, the statistician …
• Controls pool, configuration, safety, security, equipment,
etc…
• Brief the Coaches, Meet Director, Timers, Stroke & Turn
Judges & Shadows and Starter
• Start and STAY on SCHEDULE – families are traveling!!
• Referee Solve protests immediately (if possible)
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Meet Procedures (1 of 2)
Procedures:
• Referee shall signal to the swimmers by a short series of whistles
• Followed by a long whistle indicating that they should take and
maintain their positions on the starting platform, the deck, or in the
water
• In backstroke and medley relay events:
– at the Referee’s first long whistle, the swimmers shall
immediately enter the water
– Second long whistle shall return without undue delay to the
starting position
• Referee shall signal with an outstretched arm to the Starter that the
swimmers are under the Starter’s control
• On the Starter’s command “Take Your Mark”, the swimmers shall
immediately assume their starting position, in the forward start, with
at least one foot at the front of the starting platform or the deck
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Meet Procedures (2 of 2)
Procedures:
• Swimmers starting in the water must have at least
one hand in contact with the wall or starting platform
• When all swimmers are stationary, the starter shall give the
starting signal
• One start rule - Do not recall unless it is the Starter’s
technical error or outside influence (e.g., air horn in the stands)
• Decide on “over the top” starts or not
• Dual jurisdiction - (Referee / Starter)
• Watch and note false starts (Confer with Head Referee if
noted…..Do not raise hand)
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During the meet
• Attempt to always start ON TIME – teams are travelling!
• Always use the same procedure and sequence
• If ”over the top start”, at least three heats ready ahead before
starting the meet
• Swimmers who have finished are to hold the lane dividers
away from touch pad. They clear the pool on command by
sides
• Use heat sheets with names
• Recommended notes on heat sheets..…
• Time (frequently)
• Rotation of Officials
• Changes (e.g., combined heats, etc.)
• Breaks / Lunch
• Empty lanes
• Keep an eye on your judges and swimmers
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After the meet…..
• Thank everyone
• AAR / De-brief (if necessary)
• If you have shadows, answer their
questions
• Sign log books
• Solve protests if not yet done
• See meet manager and statistician
• Sign the Official Swim-meet paper work
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S&T Official Wayahead
• Training annotated in Log Book; maintain your
log-book even after qualified to illustrate how current they
are when it comes to working at away meets and CHAMPS
• 3 x shadows at a sanctioned EFSL Swim Meet
– get log-book signed
• Pass S&T, Starter & Head Official Exams on web-site (open
book)
• Qualified Head Official grades and submits Team
Spreadsheet to Division (s) Head Official & EFSL Referee
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QUESTIONS ?
- Video / Swimmer Demonstrations
NEIL HIGGINS
DSN 626-1769
BB 335-179-6230
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