Transcript Percent Hispanic of U.S. Population, 1960-2030

EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY:
BUILDING A COMMON DESTINY
Luis Ricardo Fraga
University of Washington
University of North Texas
Denton, TX
February 27, 2013
Education in the 21st Century
•
How has the growth in the Latino
population affected discourse in the
Department of Education and the White
House regarding postsecondary education
and the future of the nation?
•
What higher education policy initiatives
can we pursue at national and state levels
to leverage the greatest increases in
postsecondary completion for all students?
Latinos in the Future
of the United States
Population Growth in the U.S., 1970-2050
90.0
84.1
80.2
80.0
76.2
71.0
70.0
65.7
Percent of Total Population
60.1
60.0
55.5
50.8
50.0
46.3
White
40.0
Af-Am
30.2
30.0
Latino
26.7
Asian
23.0
19.4
20.0
16.3
10.6
10.0
4.5
0.7
11.6
6.6
11.9
9.1
12.5
12.6
12.3
12.2
12.0
11.8
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.6
4.8
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
12.4
1.6
2.9
3.7
1980
1990
2000
0.0
1970
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1981,1991, 2002, 2008
Chart 1: Share of Hispanic Population: 2000-2020
32%
30%
28%
32%
30%
3rd+ Gens.
36%
2nd Gen.
1st Gen.
40%
38%
34%
2000
2010
2020
• 62.6% of all Latinos in the U.S. are U.S. born
• 47.3%Chart
of all
Latinos
over 18Generations
years ofbyage
are U.S. born
2: Growth
for Hispanic
Decade:
2000-2020
• 91.7% of all Latinos under 18 years of age are U.S. born
56%
Source: Suro & Passel, Pew Hispanic Center (2003); Pew (2009)
Growth of Enrollment in Public Schools
Public School Enrollment, 1955 - 2011
60
50
Enrollment in Millions
40
30
20
10
0
Source: Pew Hispanic Center 2006
Growth in Latino Public School Enrollment
Public School Enrollment Increase, 1993-2011
8
6
6.3
6
Chnage in Millions
4
2
0.4
0.8
0
Total
Hispanic
White
African American
-2
-4
-3.6
-6
Source: Pew Hispanic Center 2006
Asian
Building a Common Destiny:
Increasing Latino Educational
Attainment
The State of Latino Postsecondary
Education
Table A-39-1. Number and percentage distribution of fall undergraduate
enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and level of institution and
selected student characteristics: Fall 2009
Public
2-Year
Private
not-forprofit,
2-Year
Private
for-profit,
2-Year
Public
4-Year
Private
not-forprofit,
4-Year
Private
for-profit,
4-Year
White
38.3%
0.2%
1.6%
37.9%
16.2%
5.8%
Black
40.4%
0.3%
4.1%
29.7%
12.8%
12.8%
Hispanic
51.8%
0.1%
3.5%
29.7%
8.2%
6.6%
Asian/Pacific
Islander
41.9%
0.2%
1.4%
39.5%
13.3%
3.8%
American
Indian
44.9%
0.7%
2.0%
35.0%
9.9%
7.4%
Nonresident
Alien
25.6%
0.2%
0.6%
43.8%
25.0%
4.7%
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),
Spring 2010, Fall Enrollment
Completion at Two-year Institutions (150%), Cohort 2005
70.0%
65.8%
62.9%
61.4%
60.0%
55.8%
52.3%
50.0%
47.8%
47.3%
41.6%
41.6%
White
40.0%
Black
Hispanic
30.0%
Asian/Pacific Islander
25.8%
American Indian
22.9%
18.2%
20.0%
15.6%
14.8%
12.1%
10.0%
0.0%
Public, 2-Year
Private, not-for-profit, 2-Year
Private, for profit, 2-Year
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring
2003 and Spring 2009, Graduation Rates component
Completion at Four-year Institutions (6 yrs.), Cohort 2002
80.0%
75.3%
70.0%
67.2%
64.7%
60.0%
59.5%
57.4%
49.8%
50.0%
46.3%
40.0%
White
44.9%
Black
39.4%
Hispanic
35.7%
35.5%
30.0%
25.5%
American Indian
27.5%
20.0%
16.3%
Asian/Pacific Islander
17.1%
10.0%
0.0%
Public, 4-Year
Private, not-for-profit, 4-Year
Private, for-profit, 4-Year
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring
2003 and Spring 2009 Graduation Rates component
Higher Education Policy Initiatives:
Leveraging National and State
Efforts
Enriching America Through the 21st Century:
Increasing Latino Postsecondary Completion

Financing Higher Education




Enhancing Academic Competence




Continue to improve FAFSA
Increase work study and link to careers, e.g., STEM
Restore Pell grant eligibility from 12 to 18 semesters
Review current math and English placement exams
Fund 2-yr and 4-yr institutional partnerships
Establish regional developmental education centers
Empowering Latino Families



Provide annual tax deduction when living at home
Develop post-sec information inventory
Develop competitive initiative on engaging families
Building a Common Destiny:
Increasing Latino Postsecondary
Completion
Parent Aspiration of Child’s Education
39.9%
48.8%
Gen 4
1.9%
9.4%
47.2%
47.7%
Gen 3
2.8%
2.3%
Graduate or Advanced
Prof. Degree
50.4%
42.2%
Gen 2
2.6%
4.7%
Graduate From College
58.8%
35.9%
Gen 1
1.9%
3.5%
55.4%
38.6%
Nation
-10%
2.0%
4.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Question: How far would you like to see this child go in school?
Source: Latino National Survey, 2006
Vocational Training After
High School
Graduate High School or
GED
Parent Expectation of Child’s Education
23.7%
5.6%
Gen 4
50.1%
16.4%
2.3%
2.1%
Graduate or Professional
Degree
31.6%
6.9%
Gen 3
0.0%
0.2%
50.6%
Graduate College
10.8%
Vocational or Job Training
34.5%
4.2%
Gen 2
8.9%
1.7%
2.1%
Graduate H.S.
38.8%
4.0%
Gen 1
4.4%
1.7%
1.5%
0.0%
43.9%
GED
9.9%
1.9%
1.5%
Nation
48.6%
Some H.S.
40.3%
41.7%
10.4%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
Question: How far do you think your child will go in school?
Source: Latino National Survey, 2006
60.0%
Children Living in Poverty, 2008
Category
Number
All under 18
15,451,000
20.7
White
4,850,000
11.9
African American
4,480,000
35.4
Hispanic
5,610,000
33.1
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census (2009)
Percent
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1981,1991, 2002, 2008
“To understand your country you must
love it. To love it you must, in a sense,
accept it. To accept it as it is, however, is
to betray it. To accept your country
without betraying it, you must love it for
that in it which shows what it might
become.”
Unger and West (1998)
Los Angeles 2006