Transcript Academic Integrity & Proper Citations

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY &
PROPER CITATIONS
Your librarian can help!
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Refworks
 Why Cite? & Academic Integrity
 APA resources
 In-text citations
 Reference List:
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How to cite a scholarly article
How to cite a news article
How to cite a government report
How to cite a book
How to cite a website
APA Formatting
EXPECTATIONS
Establish a Refworks account and become
familiar with basic workings
 Review an APA reference and identify type of
source
 Proofread an APA citation and reference for
proper use
 Basic familiarity with APA style
 Familiarity with APA resources
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HTTP://EZPROXY.VILLANOVA.EDU/LOGIN?URL=HTTP://WWW.REFWORKS.COM/REF
WORKS
CREATE A FOLDER IN REFWORKS
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Create new folder.
WHY CITE?
In scholarly research, readers must be able to go
to the original source to verify the ideas and facts
that you rely upon to make your argument.
 Your grade!
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APA RESOURCES
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.1
 American Psychological Association. (2007). APA
style guide to electronic references. Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.
 APA Style Online Tutorial
 APA Style Blog
 Research & Documentation Online
 Purdue OWL - APA
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1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this
area of each slide for a page reference.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY & PLAGIARISM
Scholarly Research

Your ideas supported
by the research of
others
Paraphrase or direct
quote
 Always cite ideas of
others
Readers can easily find
ideas or facts referenced
in your paper
Plagiarism

Weak paraphrasing does
not alter the original
author’s writing
sufficiently
 Too many direct
quotations
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Copy & paste writing of
others
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No citations to ideas of
others
Improper citations
Readers are unable to
verify facts or ideas
presented in your paper
DEFINING & SOLVING PLAGIARISM
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Using another’s words without acknowledgement
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Using another’s ideas without acknowledgement
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Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work
of others; If in doubt, cite!
“I forgot I read that idea in that article, so I didn’t cite it.”
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Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work
of others; If in doubt, cite!
Insufficiently acknowledging the contributions of another’s
ideas to your own research (i.e.-paraphrasing a paragraph
but only citing a direct quote at the end)
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Solution: Use quotation marks or paraphrase and cite the
source with in text citation
Solution: Take good notes throughout the research process. A
citation management tool like Refworks helps you stay
organized.
“I missed that reference when I went back through my first
draft to add citations.”
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Solution: Note sources throughout notes, outlines, and drafts.
Source: Fernandez, V. & Morro, J. (2011). How to write a college
paper: A guide from the Villanova Writing Center. Pages 13-18.
HOW TO PARAPHRASE
Be sure you understand the original text – you
can’t summarize something you don’t
understand!
 Take notes as you read, writing summaries of
important points for your paper.
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Some students find note cards to be a useful notetaking/summarizing tool
Set the original aside while you write your
summary
 A paraphrase does not contain ANY phrases
given in the original – completely your own words
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Should be your own voice, matching the rest of your
paper
PARAPHRASING QUIZ
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http://library.villanova.edu/PublicFiles/quizParap
hrase.htm
IN TEXT CITATIONS
One or Two Authors
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Shyles (2002) notes that
analog signals are
continuous.
Shyles’ 2002 study
noted that analog
signals are continuous.
Analog signals are
continuous (Shyles,
2002).
Severin and Tankard
(2001) claim…
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(Severin & Tankard,
2001)
APA Manual (p. 174-175)
Multiple Authors
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Osgood, Suci, and
Tannenbaum (1957)
found…(first time cited)
Osgood et al. (1957)
found…(subsequent
citations)
Osgood et al. found…
(subsequent citations
within same paragraph as
above example)
For more than 6 authors,
cite only the first author
followed by et al. and the
year.
IN TEXT CITATIONS
Organizational Author
No Author
A study by the
Federal
Communications
Commission (FCC,
2004) states… (first
citation)
 The FCC (2004)
claims…(subsequent
citations)
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APA Manual (p.176 – 177)
Use first few words of
the reference (typically
the title)
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Double quotes around
title of article, chapter or
webpage; italicize title of
periodical, book, or
report
This is an example
(“Newspaper Article,”
2005).
The book Examples
(2007) states…
IN TEXT CITATIONS
DIRECT QUOTATIONS
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Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in
double quotation marks, with the page number
given in parentheses at the end of the quote,
before the period:
Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch
“quickly became the backbone of the world’s
telecommunication network” (p. 115).
APA Manual (p. 92)
IN TEXT CITATIONS
DIRECT QUOTATIONS
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Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in
a block, without quotation marks, with the page
number given in parentheses at the end, after the
final period:
Dickens (1859) stated:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was
the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the
epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the
season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the
spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had
everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all
going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way.
(p. 1)
APA Manual (p. 92)
REFERENCE LIST:
FORMATTING
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List references in alphabetical order.
Include only works that have been cited in the text of your
paper.
Space evenly throughout.
The first line of a citation should be flush left
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Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces).
References
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and
M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in Public Opinion and Communication (2nd ed.),
pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication Theories: Origins,
Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley
Longman.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering Cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
REFERENCE LIST:
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
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In Print
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article.
Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page.
Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant paradigm.
Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.
p.198-199
REFERENCE LIST:
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
Retrieved Online
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page
– end page. doi: 1053/45614-5643
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Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011).
Motivational processing and choice behavior
during television viewing: An integrative
dynamic approach. Journal of Communication,
61, 71-93. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x
p.198-199
REFERENCE LIST
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES [PERIODICALS]
Always leave names of authors in the order they
are given.
 More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last
author.
 DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or name
of database
 Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue
number in parentheses
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Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2), 14-23.
p.198-199
First page of
an article
Article Record from
a Database
Automatically
generate citations
or export to
Refworks.
Always double-check!
REFERENCE LIST
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Print Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or
headline of article. Title of the
Newspaper, pp. SectionPage.
“If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers,
and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5B7).”
Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1).
Younger audience still eludes the Oscars.
The New York Times, pp. C1, C7.
p. 200
REFERENCE LIST
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Online Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of
article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL
of the homepage
*If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date.
Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for
accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street
Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/
p. 200
REFERENCE LIST
GOVERNMENT REPORTS
Full Name of Department or Agency. (YEAR). Title
of the report (ACRONYM Publication No. 1234).
Retrieved from URL of the document
United States Government Accountability Office.
(2005). Independent media development abroad:
Challenges exist in implementing U.S. efforts and
measuring results (GAO-05-803). Retrieved from
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/ GAOREPORTSGAO-05-803/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-803.pdf
p. 205
REFERENCE LIST
BOOKS
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of the book. Location:
Publisher.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
p. 202
REFERENCE LIST
BOOK CHAPTER
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In
A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.),
Title of the book (pp. beginpage –
endpage). Location: Publisher.
*For works retrieved online, include DOI if
available, or if not available, use Retrieved from.
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in
communication research. In B. Berelson,
& M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public
opinion and communication (2nd ed.),
pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Catalog
Record
REFERENCE LIST
WEBSITES
Basic Citation
Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page or
document [Format description]. Retrieved from
URL of site
Variations
•Format description is only for unusual format types:
• Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post, Facebook
update, Press release
•The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is
named.
• Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the
abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.”
Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style Blog
REFERENCE LIST
WEBSITES
NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from
http://www.nbcuni.com/about-us/
DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape
that, my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved
from
http://www.twcableuntangled.com/2011/02/ididnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/
FORMATTING YOUR PAPER
Typed, double-spaced
 1” margins on all sides
 12 pt. Times New
Roman font
 Include Running Head
 Four major sections:

Title page
 Abstract
 Main Body
 References
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Source: Purdue OWL
CONCLUSION
There are many more types of documents that
you may need to cite in APA style.
 There are unusual situations you may encounter
when preparing your reference list.
 When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA
resource, or the publication manual itself.
 Reference librarians are available to help with
APA citations.
 The Writing Center can help throughout the
writing process, including APA formatting.

APA Quiz:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/GG6RZKB
CONTACT ME
Kristyna Carroll
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