Transcript Chapter 7 Weathering, Erosion & Soil

The Nature of Soil
Fact Finders
Use your textbook, pages 188 - 194, to fill in the
blanks.
1._______ is a mixture of weathered rock, decayed
organic matter, mineral fragments, water & air.
2. Soil formation is influenced by ___________,
___________, types of ________, types of __________
& length of ______ that rock has been weathering.
3.Clay, silt & sand are small particles of _________.
4.Decaying, dark-colored plant & animal material is
called ________.
5.Small spaces between soil particles may be filled with
_______ or _______.
Answers
1. _Soil_ is a mixture of weathered rock, decayed
organic matter, mineral fragments, water & air.
2. Soil formation is influenced by _climate_, _slope of
land_, types of _rock_, types of _vegetation_ &
length of _time_ that rock has been weathering.
3. Clay, silt & sand are small particles of _sediments_.
4. Decaying, dark-colored plant & animal material is
called _humus_.
5. Small spaces between soil particles may be filled
with _air_ or _water_.
6. Different layers of the soil are called
_h____________.
7. The top layer is called Horizon ___ and may be
covered with organic ________ that may turn into
humus.
8. Horizon A is a fertile layer of soil with more
_______ and less ________ and mineral particles
than other soil horizons.
9. Horizon B, or the 2nd layer of soil, contains less
______ & is lighter in color than the A horizon.
10. Minerals travel from A horizon to B horizon in a
process called __________.
Answers
6. Different layers of the soil are called _horizons_.
7. The top layer is called Horizon A and may be
covered with organic matter that may turn into
humus.
8. Horizon A is a fertile layer of soil with more
_humus_ and less _rock_ and mineral particles
than other soil horizons.
9. Horizon B, or the 2nd layer of soil, contains less
organic matter & is lighter in color than the A
horizon.
10. Minerals travel from A horizon to B horizon in a
process called _leaching_.
11. Horizon C is the _______ layer of soil. It has
very little ________ matter and is not strongly
affected by leaching.
12. The C Horizon contains rock, the _______
material of the soil.
13. Glaciers can deposit soil that did not form
from the ________ beneath it.
14. Different regions have different __________
that affect soil development.
Answers
11. Horizon C is the third layer of soil. It has very
little organic matter and is not strongly
affected by leaching.
12. The C Horizon contains rock, the parent
material of the soil.
13. Glaciers can deposit soil that did not form
from the ground/rock beneath it.
14. Different regions have different climates that
affect soil development.
15. ______ rock affects soil formation & type of
______ that grows in a region.
16. _________ affects soil development because
the longer the weathering has occurred, the less
the soil resembles the parent rock.
17. Soil on steep ______ develops poorly.
Answers
15. Parent rock affects soil formation & type
of vegetation that grows in a region.
16. Time affects soil development because
the longer the weathering has occurred,
the less the soil resembles the parent rock.
17. Soil on steep _slopes_ develops poorly.