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Diver Interdiction System
Hydroacoustics, Inc.
Diver Interdiction System
999 Lehigh Station Rd.
Henrietta, NY 14667
MARINE BRIDGE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Promyshlennaya str.19, 198099 St.Petersburg, Russia
1
Challenge: To Protect High Value Maritime Assets From
Underwater Terrorist Threats

Swimmers or divers using available
technology pose a serious
asymmetrical threat to maritime
assets

The ability to detect, classify, locate,
and engage a hostile threat is
required

Current engagement options are
limited and do not provide a scalable
engagement capability
2
Acoustic Bio-Effects Background
Summary report on the bio-effects of low frequency water borne sound by
Edward Cudahy, Eric Hanson, and David Fothergill (20 March 1999) reports
that pulsed continuous wave (CW) signals produce the following bio-effects:
Pressure (dB)
Reported Bio-Effect (NSMRL)
100
Sound detected
130
Vibration detected on some part of the body
157
Somewhat severe to severe aversion
180-185
Physical damage to organs and soft tissues
 Non-lethal swimmer neutralization study Non-Lethal Swimmer
Neutralization Study with Space and Naval Warfare Command (SPAWAR
TD 3138, May 2002)
 Acoustic systems offer the best option to provide a scalable
engagement capability
3
Acoustic Properties of the DIS Operate Across The Range of
Frequencies Causing Adverse Effects on Divers
Effective DIS
Operating Range
4
Potential Bio-Effect Range From Air Guns
Every Environment is Different
• Air gun arrays can be fired in sequence separated by msec or
seconds, all at once or just particular guns
 Firing all guns at once is the equivalent of adding the inch3 of all
the guns together
 The firing of an air gun array in sequence provides a “longer
punch” verses a “single punch”
# of 10 inch3 Air Guns Discharged
Range (yd/M)
Peak Pressure (dB)
Single
60/55
190 (Note 1)
Single
600/550
170 (Note 2)
Five (Simultaneous)
600/550
184 (Note 3)
Five (Simultaneous)
1200/1100
178 (Note 3)
Ten (Simultaneous)
600/550
190 (Note 3)
Ten (Simultaneous)
1200/1100
184 (Note 3)
Notes
1.
2.
3.
This is the peak pressure measured at Dodge Pond for a 10 cu in
air gun with 2,400 psi supply pressure
Assumes a 20*Log r spreading loss
Assumes a 20*Log n array gain and 20*Log r spreading loss
5
Anti-Swimmer System Acoustic
Impulse Testing
• March 2004 – USCG completed
acoustic baseline tests at NUWC
(Naval Undersea Warfare Center)
Dodge Pond facility
• April 2004 – NFESC (Naval Facilities
Engineering Service Center) processed
raw acoustic data
• 2004 - NSMRL (Navy Submarine
Medical Research) prepared Human
Effects test plan
• 2004 To 2008 – USCG & Laboratory
NSMRL Tested IAS (integrated anti swimmer)
Human Effects at NUWC Dodge Pond
facility using the HAI DIS
• 2005 To 2007 – USCG & NUWC
Conducted IAS Demonstration Tests at
NUWC Pier One facility using the HAI
DIS
–
Data fed into MSST (Maritime Safety &
Security Team decision and testing)
6
HAI Characterization of Air Gun Performance
in the Shallow Water NUWC Facility at Dodge Pond
• Shallow water environment at the US Navy Dodge Pond testing
facility is similar to that in ports and harbors where high value
assets are exposed to terrorist swimmer threats
• Variable air gun and receiver depths allowed evaluation of the
effects of multiple surface and bottom reflections
7
Sample Air Gun Pressure and Energy Spectrum at
the Seneca Lake Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Scalable Output From 10 Cubic Inch Air Gun
10 cu. in.
For 2,000 psi SCF/Shot
0.73 cu. ft.
Peak Pressure
24 psi @ 1m
Maintenance
~ 300,000 Shots
Typical Life
> 1,000,000 Shots
43.5
2
29
1
14.5
0
0
-1
-14.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
TIME (msec)
Peak Pressures From 218 to 229 dB re 1 uPa @ 1 m
1000
12
18
3000
27
59
5000
39
Impulse
(psi*msec)
100
Measured Energy Spectrum Level
190
180
2
Peak (psi)
ESL (dB re 1 uPa /Hz @ 1 M)
Supply
(psi)
170
160
150
1,000 psi
0
50
3,000 psi
100
150
Frequency (Hz)
5,000 psi
200
8
250
SPL (psi @ 1m)
Air Gun size
SPL (BarM)
Measured Far Field Sound Pressure Level
3
Predicted Performance of 10 Cubic Inch Air Guns
40
With precise control of the Air Gun discharge
using the HAI air gun controller, the far field
pressure from multiple air guns in an array will
add coherently or as 20*Log (N-guns)
The single pulse shown here can be repeated to
generate a multiple pulse wave train with a
pulse repetition rate as fast as one pulse per
second.
10
0
-20
0
10
20
30
40
50
2
ESL (dB re 1 uPa /Hz @ 1 M)
Time (msec)
20 Guns
210
5 Guns
1 Gun
Measured Energy
Spectrum Level
200
190
180
170
160
0
2
Controlling the number of air guns discharged
simultaneously provides control of the peak
pressure and spectrum levels thereby allowing
a scalable influence on swimmer threat
20
-10
ESL (dB re 1 uPa /Hz @ 1 M)
This phenomenon has been demonstrated in
Seneca Lake calibration tests
Pressure Level
30
SPL (BarM)
The predicted data shown are for selected air
guns in a 4 by 5 array Of 10 cu. In. Air Guns
operated with a system pressure of 3,000 psi.
200
400
600
800
1000
200
250
Frequency (Hz)
210
200
190
180
170
160
0
50
100
150
9
Frequency (Hz)
20 Guns
5 Guns
1 Gun
Components of the Portable DIS
Energy Storage
Pack
Controller
Umbilical
Air Gun
 Compressed air/nitrogen is stored in cylinders rated
at 4,500 psi in the Energy Storage Pack
 Air hose, electrical cable, and suspension rope form
the Umbilical
 DIS Controller initiates the Air Gun discharge
10
DIS with eLoudtm option
Enhanced Underwater Loudhailer
•
eLoudtm is an underwater hailer that can be used as
the phase one & two deterrent
– Underwater audio technology for communicating with
divers
– Intelligibility proven through U.S. Navy testing
– 500W Class D Audio Amplifier with digital mute/enable
control
– Analog audio input with buffer electronics
– Current monitor to verify audio transmission
– Filter and compression software to maximize
performance of audio recordings
– Matching transformer for underwater speaker
(transducer)
– 12V DC Power, 15A maximum
– Preprogrammed with messages in multiple languages
11
RF Control Option
• Mesh Networking: Creates a self configuring, selfhealing secure wireless mesh network in a matter
of seconds to enable seamless and secure voice,
video, and data communications. Detects and
reports rogue access points.
• Validated Security: Highly secure AES and 3DES
encryption and FIPS 140-2 Validation™ meets
stringent Department of Defense wireless security
requirements. Based on a Common Criteria Level
EAL2+ certified design.
• Dual Radio: Features two-way radio
configuration with a 2.4 GHz (802.11a/b/g) Wi-Fi
radio and a 5.8 GHz (802.11a) radio.
• Rugged Design: Designed to meet MIL-STD 901D
for shock and MIL-STD 167 for vibration. Packaged
in a weather resistant enclosure that can be used
in a variety of climates and conditions.
12
Typical CONOP’s
•
Detect Intrusion (Diver Detection System)
•
Classify as diver (Diver Detection System)
•
Issue alarm and dispatch manned or unmanned vehicle
with DIS aboard
•
Issue Level 1 Hailer warning “trespassing turn back” (DIS
w eLoudtm)
•
Issue Level 2 Hailer warning use of force (DIS w eLoudtm)
•
Issue Level 3 acoustic warning shot 500 PSI (DIS)
•
Issue Level 4 Fire acoustic shots 3000 PSI until diver
retreats or surfaces (DIS)
•
Armed force picks up diver
13
DIS Deployment Options

The air gun systems are modular and adaptable to a variety of
operational and deployment scenarios and can be assembled in various
sizes and configurations

Diver Interdiction Systems can be;
- Mobile
- Fixed in place on a boat
- Manned
- Unmanned remote activation (RF secure signal)
- Portable
- Can be put in place and easily moved (Pier, boat)
- Fixed
- Permanent in water installation
- Local firing
- Remote Activation (RF secure signal)
14
Air Gun System Deployment Options
Secure RF Communications
eLoudtm
HAI Air Gun Module Or Array
Air Compressor And Storage Unit
And Umbilical Reel And Winch
A1 3 3 8 .DRW
D
R
C
7 /1 4 /0 3
Towing And Handling Chute
Mechanical-ElectricalPneumatic Umbilical
Mobile System Deployed From
Unmanned RHIB Platform
Portable System From Patrol Boat
Pier, Dock, Or Moored Platform Deployment
Unmanned Surface Vessel
15
A1 3 3 7 .DRW
D
R
C
7 /1 4 /0 3
Candidate Platform For Portable Air Gun System
• The HAI Portable Air Gun
System for non-lethal swimmer
engagement can be deployed
from a variety of small
platforms currently in use in
harbors and ports.
• A single operator can
deploy the system over
the side of your vessel
similarly to the
deployment at right
16
Anti-Swimmer System Response Boat Components
Response
Response Vector
Vector Display
Display
eLoudtm (hailer device)
Imaging Sonar
HAI Diver Interdiction System
17
HAI DIS Component Location On RHIB
Gas Bottle Installation
Control Panel Installation
Air Gun Deployment Location
18
DIS Multi-Gun Firing Controller
for Gun Arrays in a Permanent Installation
19
Summary Features HAI Diver Interdiction System
 Modular and adaptable to a variety of operational and deployment
scenarios and can be assembled in various sizes and configurations
 Mobile (in place) deployment from manned or unmanned patrol craft
 Portable allows moving from one boat or pier to another
 Fixed installations on dock, pier, bottom, or port terminal facility
 Carried on high value military or commercial maritime vessel
 Air gun arrays used with HAI DIS Multi-Gun Firing Controller provide
additional flexibility in acoustic outputs providing scalable bio-effects
Sustained waves with intervals as short as 2 msec between pulses in the
wave train
 Additional air guns allow for higher source levels and/or greater
area of coverage
 Air guns do not pollute the environment, and represent a reusable asset
 Low maintenance, high reliability and high availability
20
DIS System Components
21
Controller
22
Controller
23
Energy Bottles
24
Umbilical Chord
25
Air Gun
26
Air Guns
Available in 5 cubic inch size models
10
20
40
60
100
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