Transcript Slide 1

Geographical area = 3,42,239 sq km
Forest area = 32,494 sq km (9.5%)
Forest cover= 16,367 sq km (4.8%)
Geographical area = 1,96,022 sq km
Forest area = 18,999 sq km (9.7%)
Forest cover= 15,152 sq km (7.7%)
Geographical area = 491sq km
Forest area = 204 sq km (45%)
Forest cover= 169 sq km (34.1%)
AFRI Organizational Chart
DIRECTOR
CO(F)
IT CELL
PURCHASE
GCR
ACCO
UNTS
Silviculture
Forest
Ecology
Forest
Genetics
& Tree
Breeding
Forest
Protection
Non
Wood
Forest
Products
Agroforestry &
Extension
ESTT. &
HINDI
SECTIO
N
PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS
SNo.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total
Impact factor
<0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-5.0
>5.0
-
Nos. of papers
India
9
13
0
0
0
232
254
International
6
41
17
16
72
70
157
Total
%
15
54
17
16
7
302
411
3.6
13.1
4.1
3.9
1.7
73.5
100
STORE
COMPLETED AND ONGOING RESEARCH
PROJECTS IN 2013-14
 Completed projects by up to 2012-13
 Completed projects (2013-14)
 Ongoing projects




ICFRE funded projects
Externally aided ongoing projects
Externally aided new projects
Consultancy
: 18
: 08
: 05
: 03
 Project concluded during 2004-2014
SNo.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Division
Forest Ecology Division
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Division
Forest Protection Division
Non Wood Forest Product Division
Silviculture Division
Agroforestry & Extention Division
Information Technology Cell
Total
:93
: 09
: 34
:64
Projects concluded (Nos.)
15
10
11
7
15
5
1
64
AGRI-SILVI AND SILVIPASTURE MODELS
FOR DRY AREAS
 Ailanthus excelsa, Colophospermum mopane,
Cordia myxa, Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus
mauritiana are potential species for farmlands. At 5
years age reduction in wheat yield was less in P.
cineraria: Z. mauritiana combinations.
 Canopy removal and root trenching had positive
effects on crop and grass production.
 Out of 9 tree species & grass combinations tried,
Ziziphus mauritiana + Cenchrus ciliaris based
silvipastoral model was best followed by Ailanthus
excelsa + C. ciliaris and Cordia gharaf + C. ciliaris.
 Densely sown grass adversely affect growth of trees,
but provide higher total biomass. Sowing grass in
strips promote plant growth, but total biomass yield
reduces.
T. undulata + V. radiata
 Besides, studies have also been conducted on
effect of tree density and crop sequences and
potential tree species for agroforestry in dry regions Z. mauritiana + C. ciliaris
REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED HILLS
Use of different rainwater harvesting devices and mixed plantation
Variables
Trend after work initiation
Run-off losses
Decreased (by 2.1% of total rainfall)
Soil losses
Decreased (from 3.43 to 0.19 g l-1)
Nutrient losses
Decreased
Soil water
Increased
Soil bulk density
Decreased
Fine earth fraction
Increased (greater in higher slope)
Soil nutrients (NH4-N, NO3- Increased
N & PO4-P)
Soil carbon
Decreased in lower slope and
increased in upper slope
Plant growth
Increased
Herbaceous diversity
Increased (39 to 92 species)
Regeneration diversity
Increased (22 to 42 species)
Diversity of fauna
Increased
Fodder availability
Increased
Fuelwood availability
Increased
Increased
Water availability
Soil formations stages
BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT
 Plant biodiversity assessment in Hydrocarbon Project Area of Jalore & Barmer
showed 144 plant species (15 tree species, 17 shrub species, 82 herb species and 30
grasses/ sedges)
 Survey of 123 sacred groves in Rajasthan revealed dominance of 26 tree and 25
shrub species. These are: A. pendula >P. juliflora >Salvadora oleoides> Capparis
decidua> P. cineraria>Tectona grandis >Acacia leucophloea >Acacia nilotica>Butea
monosperma>Ziziphus rotundifolia.
 There are 31 sub-types of forest in Rajasthan, where P. juliflora, A. pendula, Acacia
tortilis, A. leucophloea, A. senegal, B. monosperma, P. cineraria, C. decidua, D.
melanoxylon and M. emarginata were recorded in >10% forest block.
Biological invasions
 P. juliflora of >30 cm, 10-30 cm girth and saplings in varying density were observed
in 47.2%, 46.3% and 30.9% sacred groves, whereas L. camara was recorded in
8.9% sacred groves.
 Invasive species P. juliflora and Lantana camara observed in 36.7% and 7.2% forest
block distributed in 32 and 15 district, respectively in Rajasthan forests .
 P. juliflora has also been reported as new host for 15 species of insects belonging to
orders-Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera from Rajasthan,
India. P. juliflora can be utilized for rearing of cantharidin producing beetles
Mylabris species.
CLIMATE CHANGE: CARBON IN RAJASTHAN
FORESTS
Component
Above-ground
Below-ground
Total
Live biomass
27.32
11.68
38.98
Herbaceous
0.77
-
0.77
Dead material
1.24
-
1.24
SIC
-
142.60
142.60
SOC
-
121.60
121.60
Total (million tons)
305.19
REHABILITATION OF STRESS SITES
 Use of Gypsum (100 % soil GR), FYM and nitrogen enhanced
growth (30-70%) depending upon treatments for all the plant
species in Rajasthan.
 FYM + Wheat husk was best for black soil in Gujarat.
 Application of Phosphorus with FYM enhanced the plant growth
and fruit yield in S. Persica.
 Zinc influenced seed size and no of seed/g were 45 in FYM +
K2SO4(50 g K2O) treatment in Acacia ampliceps.
 There is overall improvement in soil properties (SOC, pH, EC)
and biodiversity of the treated areas.
 Highest growth and biomass was recorded in E. rudis followed by
Corambia tessellaris, E. camaldulensis and E. fastigata.
 Ground water level receded by 145 cm in E. rudis plot. In C.
tessellaris, E. camaldulensis and E. fastigata, water level receded by
90 cm, 70 cm and 60 cm respectively.
 A. nilotica and T. aphylla showed higher tolerance towards salinity
compared to E. camaldulensis. However, under water logging
condition at shallow depth E. camaldulensis outperformed others.
STUDIES ON TRAITS & DEVELOPMENT OF SEED
TESTING PROTOCOLS
Studies have been performed to refine and develop
seed testing protocols of
 Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu ,
Dalbergia sissoo, E. camaldulensis, P. cineraria,
Capparis decidua, Tectona grandis, Salvadora
persica, Commiphora wightii ; and
 Other medicinal plant species
 Studies on seeds collected from Seed Stands /
SPAs / SSOs / CSOs of important species of
Gujarat State has also been taken up.
 Effects of seed size and pre-treatments on
germination and performance have been
studied in Acacia nilotica and Prosopis
cineraria.
 Work has also been done on various aspects of physiological changes of freshly
collected Azadirachta indica seeds and stored seeds to prolong the viability and
to increase germination percentage.
STUDIES ON MEDICINAL PLANTS
STANDARDIZATION OF SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES
Cassia angustifolia (Senna)
Commiphora wightii (Guggal),
Aloe vera (Guarpatha),
Catharanthus roseus (Sada Bahar),
Withania somnifera (Aswagandha),
Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi),
Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari)
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Correct harvesting period prescribed for Calotropis procera,
Tribulus rajasthanensis, Pluchea lanceolata. Alkaloid
contents were high in summer while steroids were high in
winter in C. procera flower. Maximum content of secondary
metabolite (sterols-2.65% & alkaloids-8.0%) was from ACZIA (Jaisalmer region).
GERMPLASM BANK
Established germplasm bank of 150 medicinal plants at
AFRI model nursery
Screened germplasm (204 sources) & more than 115
Plus plants of Jatropoha curcas for higher seed and oil
yield and agri-techniques developed
Cassia angustifolia
FINDINGS ON GUGGAL PROGRAMMES

21 clonal accessions were selected from Rajasthan and
their performance and agritrial laid. Jaipur and Tonk
accessions performed best. Germ plasm bank established.

Developed low cost macro- and micro-propagation
protocol and established field trial. Guidelines were
prepared for seed germination and vegetative propagation.

Out of 33 districts surveyed in Rajasthan, maximum
Guggul population was in Barmer (58 plants/ per ha). So
far no male plant was observed.

Ethephon (a plant growth regulator) injection gave
encouraging results, where Guggul plants are surviving
even after three time gum exudations. Application of FYM
has helped maintain plant survival.

Plants are tapped thrice in four years. Their yield was
ranging from 50.0 to 80.0 g per plant and they are
surviving.

Germplasm of Guggal was characterized by DNA marker
studies.
PLANTING STOCK IMPROVEMENT
Established genetic resources: Selected CPTs, established SPAs, SSOs, CSOs and VMG for
Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica, Tectona grandis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Gujarat and
Rajasthan.
Reproductive biology, Oil and Azadirachtin content and fodder value studied for A. indica.
Genetic Trials: Provenance (A. indica-47 and A. nilotica-31), progeny (A. indica-30, T. undulata40, Jatropha curcas-116 CPP, Prosopis cineraria-52 and Tectona grandis-28, Melia dubia-24)
and clonal (E. camaldulensis-35, D. sissoo-30, Jatripha curcas-185, Commiphora wightii-22)
trials established at different locations and evaluated.
Demonstration Trials: A large scale field trials of tissue culture raised plants of Dendrocalamus
strictus and Bambusa bambos were established and evaluated in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Six bamboo species were also tried for their performance where D. stricus showed maximum
survival (77%), followed by B. bambos (58.3), B. valgeris (52.1), B. nutans (35.4) and B. tulda
(30). Survial was minimum in D. asper plants (only 2%).
Genetic evaluation: Genetics and inheritance of seed and growth traits investigated for western
Indian Teak. Twelve elite parents of Tectona grandis were identified.
Genetic estimates for pods and germination parameters of P. cineraria were estimated and its
inheritance was investigated which was hitherto unknown
DNA Marker and Gene Expression: DNA marker studies were carried out on Neem, Guggul,
Rohida for studying genetic diversity, clonal fidelity tests and other desired genetic traits. Under
gene expression studies, out of nine putative genes identified, three have possible role in abiotic
stress physiology (a halophyte- Lepidium sativum).
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES
Macropropagation
Micropropagation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Azadirachta indica
Ailanthus excelsa
Acacia nilotica
Tecomella undulata
Dalbergia sissoo
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Azadirachta indica
Ailanthus excelsa
Acacia nilotica
Balanites aegyptiaca
Commiphora wightii
Jatropha curcas
Terminalia arjuna
GROWTH & YIELD MODELLING AND REGRESSION
EQUATIONS
 Growth and yield models (i.e., volume functions, site index equations, potential
density, mortality and basal area projection models) developed for A. indica, E.
camaldulensis, D. sissoo, T. undulata, A. nilotica and E. hybrid.
 Aboveground biomass equation for neem, volume equations for A. tortilis and
generalized height-diameter equations for A. indica and Tecomella undulata have
also been constructed and validated.
 Preliminary growth models developed for P. cineraria and A. excelsa trees.
 Common regression equations have been developed for predicting both above-
ground and below-ground biomasses and carbon accounting of trees, shrubs,
undershrubs and Euphorbias in Rajasthan.
 Tree and shrub species based equations have also been developed for Hardwickia
binata, C. mopane, P. juliflora, L. pyrotechnica and Calligonum polygonoides for
their biomass assessment .
i.e., tree above-ground biomass (kg) = 0.181494261*D2.058650773
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION & VALUE
ADDITION OF NTFPs
Potential Famine Foods: Bark, leaves, fruits and seeds Acacia leucophloea, Acacia
nilotica and Prosopis cineraria contains 13.7% to 23.1% crude Protein
Leaf protein concentrates: Prepared from Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera
and Achyranthes aspera and can be used as famine foods.
Oil extraction: Oil content in Salvadora oleoides seeds ranges from 39.5% to
44.8% and in S. persica from 38.4% to 45.3 % in different agro-climatic zones.
In Azadirachta indica oil content ranges from 32.4% to 43.2%.
Utilization of Lesser Known Timber species: Chemical treatment (CCA + 2%
chloropyriphos) and seasoning has increased the life and damage to the woods
of Prosopis juliflora, Acacia tortilis and Prosopis cineraria. Value added
products like sofa set, utility box and pen stand etc. have been made from these
woods.
Potentials of Sandal Cultivation: Survey of sandal population in south and eastern
Rajasthan indicated presence of its natural stands, where heartwood and oil
content varies with place and age ranging from 0.9 to 3.0%.
NTFPs: Survey conducted in Udaipur region showed that NTFP contribute 35-40%
to the annual income of tribal families.
INSECTS, PESTS AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT
 A check- list of 49 insect species associated with Tecomella undulata has been prepared.
 105 species of butterflies (65 new) and 115 species (59 new) of moth (Lepidoptera) have
been identified from Gir National Park. Besides, a checklist of total 220 species of
lepidopteron fauna have also been prepared.
 Relative resistance of Neem provenances were tested against Patialus tecomella, where
Bhaislana and Osian provenances were found the most resistant.
 Neem provenances from Palanpur and Jhansi exhibited the best resistance against neem
weevil, Myllocerus tenuicornis.
 Use of Beauveria bassiana- a fungus and root decoction of Dhatura metel have been found
very effective against Neem defoliator.
 Dhatura metel root extract was also found most effective in controlling the sap-sucking
insects and semilooper (Achea janata) attacking on Mehndi.
 For rapid composting litter decomposing mycoflora have been isolated and identified.
 High percentage of canker formation observed in trees with girth >80 cm. The most
effective systemic chemical found effective in its control was salicylic acid (10 mmol).
Mycorhizal association
 About 30- 40% greater growth recorded in VAM inoculated seedlings of Tecomella
undulata, Prosopis cineraria, Azadirachta indica and Dalbergia sissoo. Indigenous strains
of Glomus fasciculatum and G. aggregatum performed better than non- indigenous strains .
 Glomus multicaulae and Sclerocystis indica are new records from the region.
KHEJRI MORTALITY IN RAJASTHAN AND IT’S CONTROL MEASURES
KHEJRI MORTALITY (20-25%)
BIOTIC FACTORS
Ganoderma lucidum
Root borer,
Acanthophorous
serraticornis
Tractorization
Indiscriminate lopping
ABIOTIC FACTORS
Exploitation of water
ROOT TREATMENT
Root
treatment
containing
Bavistine (0.1%)+ Chloropyriphos
(0.1%)+ Agromin ( 2ml/lit) @ 20 lt
aqueous suspension per tree
quarterly)
Depletion in water
table
Silvicultural Management
Alternate Year lopping
Two third lopping
 Young trees should not be lopped
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED BY AFRI
1
2
3
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7
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Prosopis cineraria based agroforestry for hot arid region of Gujarat and Rajasthan
Use of surface vegetation in sand drifts control and sand dune stabilization of hot arid region
Rehabilitation of degraded land through seed sowing to increase land productivity and combat
desertification
Rehabilitation of degraded hills through afforestation and rainwater harvestings
Enhancing productivity of arid salt affected soils through afforestation techniques
Utilization of wastewater in afforestation to increase aesthetic value and fuelwood supply in
suburban areas of desert cities
Reclamation/rehabilitation of waterlogged soil in canal command area of IGNP using principle of
biodrainage
Mulching and weeding for conservation of soil moisture and enhancing plant growth
Micro-catchments for plantation establishment
Silvipastoral approach for augmenting the fodder availability during lean seasons in arid
regions
Growth and yield models for some forest plantations in Rajasthan and Gujarat for their
sustainable management
Isolation and mass multiplication of VAM for improvement of planting stock in forest
nurseries
Seed germination protocol for Capparis decidua
Post harvest treatment and enhancement of germination of seed of Commiphora wightii
(Arn.) Bhandari (guggal)
Development of refined technology for in vitro propagation of Commiphora wightii (Arn.)
Bhandari (guggal)
Development of grafting technique for clonal propagation of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Optimum harvesting time of important medicinal plants of Rajasthan for their secondary
metabolites
Protein rich food supplements for desert population
CONSULTANCIES
 EIA of the project 'Integrated Watershed Development Project in Sunel
Watershed of Pirawa Panchyat Samiti District Jhalawar, Rajasthan.
 Ecological and environmental assessment in the onshore area of RJ-ON-90/2
block, Rajasthan.
 Evaluation study on the programme development of community silvi-pasture
through people initiatives in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan.
 Baseline survey study on biological diversity in Mangala, Sarswati and
Rageshwari Areas of Rajasthan Hydro Carbon Project.
 Evaluation of the plantation work on Gaurav path developed by the Jodhpur
Development Authority.
 Survey and characterization of soils & vegetation in the proposed land for IIT
Rajasthan on Jodhpur – Nagaur Road.
 Project document for erection of mega-shelterbelts in Western Rajasthan.
 Preparation of baseline data on vegetation diversity and soil for IIM Udaipur
Campus.
 Report on species suitability for biomass energy plantation and production.
Submitted to Department of Forests, Government of Rajasthan & Banswara
Biomass Energy Pvt. Ltd., Banswara, Rajasthan.
FORESTRY RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR NEXT 20-25 YEARS
Thrust
Research Activities
1
• Economic impact of desertification and strategies (including sequential restoration) to mitigate it.
• Developing package of practices to enhance productivity of degraded lands through multidisciplinary
approaches like ecology, silviculture, biofertilizers, genetics including biotechnological tools.
• Designing effective mechanism to manage insect pests and diseases associated in forest nurseries,
plantations and natural forests.
• Studies on nano particles produced either intra- or extracellular and their application.
• Phyto-chemical evaluation , value addition and development of packages for various food, NTFPs
and medicinal plants.
• Survey and study on availability and collection of NWFPs and its role in socio-economic status of
local people.
2
• Examining the climate -driven effects of biodiversity on water processing, nutrient cycling and
carbon storage.
• Endemism and relationships between soil and vegetation diversity.
3
• Studies on impact of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change on seed traits, plant
physiology and biological diversity in degraded drylands.
• Assessment of pollution load on existing vegetation and designing of green belts in urban areas.
4
• Utilization of genetic variation in different trees species like Prosopis cineraria, Tecomella undulata,
Tectona grandis, Anogeissus pendula, Capparis decidua etc in productivity enhancement.
• Utilization of clonal forestry in enhancing forest productivity.
• Development of state-of-the-art molecular biology lab to carry out research on genetic engineering
and molecular characterization etc.
5
• Studies on appropriate extension mechanism and developing better linkages and effective
coordination for effective transfer of research outcomes to the end users.
• Publications of outreach material for scientific professionals and end users.
CASE STUDIES AND EXTENSION
Training imparted:
About 8928 trainees including farmers, N.G.O.s, S.H.G.s, V.F.P.C.
Members, Watershed Cluster Members, Watershed Development Teams, Forest Field Officials,
and 324 school children have been exposed to the research finding
• Participation in Trade fairs/Exhibition every year
• Organized farmers fairs
Establishment of VVK
• VVK Bichhwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan
• VVK Chipardi beedi, Rajkot, Gujarat
Publication of extension materials
• AFRI Newsletter: 01 (Quarterly in Hindi)
• Brochures- 50; Proceedings-3; Pamphlets-25
Demo Village: Technology package like live fencing, pasture development,
Rainwater harvesting etc demonstrated at Demo village Salavas, Jodhpur
WEB portal: A bilingual web application of the 160 important plants species
developed and hosted on the web server at URL http://www.seracharidplants.in.
Direct to Consumer: Some successful programme have been taken to field
functionaries through training, workshop and field visits/demonstration under this
scheme.
EVALUATIONS AND FOREST EDUCATION
Evaluations
 AFRI has evaluations of afforestation works carried out in Combating
Desertifications programmes of SFD, Rajasthan during different phases covering
10 arid districts.
 Other evaluations are watershed programme in Jhalawar, reclamation of water
logged areas in Jetsar in Ganganagar and Rawatsar area in Hanumangarh
(Funded by MoRD, GoI).
Education
 Till date 27 student have been awarded Ph. D. degree in different fields
 16 Ph. D. scholars are pursuing their research work at present.
Thank you