Transcript Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives
• ALL will understand the definition of OCD
• MOST will be able to explain explanations
of OCD (cognitive and biological)
• SOME will explain and evaluate
explanations of OCD (cognitive and
biological)
Do Now: Outline two symptoms of
obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks)
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STARTER: MARKSCHEME Outline two
symptoms of obsessive-compulsive
disorder. (2 marks)
AO1
Up to 2 marks for description of
symptoms.
Likely points:
Recurrent unwanted thoughts (1),
recurrent performance of ritual behaviours
(1), distress or disruption caused by
obsessions and compulsions (1).
Learning Objectives
• ALL will understand the definition of OCD
• MOST will be able to explain explanations
of OCD (cognitive and biological)
• SOME will explain and evaluate
explanations of OCD (cognitive and
biological)
PROGRESS CHECK
Explanations of OCD: Memory
Game (with a twist)
Neurophysiological
Genetic
Memory problems
Explanations of
OCD
Hypervigilance
Biochemical
This is the template for the map from
memory outside the door, as a group,
what detail can you add already to
this?
Neurophysiological
Genetic
- OCD may be due to
hypersensitivity of the basal
ganglia
Memory problems
- This area is responsible for
-McKeon and Murray
motor movement so may give
rise to some of the repetitive
(1987) patients with
rituals seen in those with OCD
OCD more likely to
have first degree
relative with an anxiety
disorder suggesting a
genetic link
- Pauls et al (1995)
found higher
Biochemical
percentage of OCD
sufferers (10.3%) in
relatives of patients with - OCD only responds to those drugs that
affect serotonin; this suggests that OCD is
OCD than in a control
related to low levels of the neurotransmitter
group without OCD
serotonin in the brain.
(1.9%)
- Drugs which increase the amount of
Explanations of
OCD
serotonin known as ‘SSRIs’ reduce OCD
symptoms, therefore providing support for
the theory that low levels of serotonin may
be responsible for OCD.
-Sher et al (1989) found that
people with OCD had poor
memories for their actions,
for example, they really could
not remember if they had
turned the light off.
--Trivedi (1996) found people
suffering from OCD had low
confidence in their memory
ability and also their non
verbal memory was impaired
Hypervigilance
Cognitive vulnerability to
anxiety (Williams et al 1997).
For example a person might
show hypervigilance when
entering a new environment:
1. They may use rapid
eye movements to scan
the environment
2. They may attend
selectively to threat
related stimuli rather
than neutral stimuli
Memory Game: Reflection
• Answer the following question based on
your learning from the memory game.
• January 2009 (c)
• (i) Briefly outline a cognitive explanation
for obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2
marks)
Briefly outline a cognitive explanation for
obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks)
• [AO1 = 2]
• AO1 – Up to 2 marks for description of a
cognitive explanation.
• Possible answers:
• A cognitive explanation suggests that
people with OCD have a cognitive bias so
they could have a poor memory for their
actions/may be hypersensitive to
environmental stimuli.
Learning Objectives
• ALL will understand the definition of OCD
• MOST will be able to explain explanations
of OCD (cognitive and biological)
• SOME will explain and evaluate
explanations of OCD (cognitive and
biological)
PROGRESS CHECK
Evaluation of the Explanations
•
Possible essay questions you can be asked on the
explanations:
1. ‘Describe and evaluate two explanations of Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder’ (10 marks) (you have a model
answer for this one)
2. ‘Describe and evaluate the cognitive explanation for
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (10 marks)
3. ‘Describe and evaluate the biological explanation of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (10 marks)
• Remember you have lots of A02 points in terms of
comparison as well as the general evaluation points we
have covered in class!
Evaluation of the Explanations:
essay planning
• Each of you has the A01 component to
each one of these essays, all you are
doing is deciding what the relevant A02
points are
• You should aim to do at least one of these
plans, the rest are for you to complete at
home as part of your revision
Learning Objectives
• ALL will understand the definition of OCD
• MOST will be able to explain explanations
of OCD (cognitive and biological)
• SOME will explain and evaluate
explanations of OCD (cognitive and
biological)
Plenary: what is the key aspect you will
remember from this lesson?