Transcript MIS 320 - Western Washington University

Introduction to the
Information Age
MIS 320
Summer 2014
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A. Game Plan
• Background
– Past and present
• What is an information system?
• IS success and failure
– Knowledge needed for success
• Dimensions of information
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B. Background
1. Historical periods
–
Agricultural Age
–
Industrial Age
–
Information Age
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USA: Labor Force Composition
70%
1975 – becomes largest workforce
60%
1981 – surpasses all other groups combined
% SERVICE
50%
% WHITE COLLAR
40%
% BLUE COLLAR
30%
% FARMING
20%
10%
0%
YEAR
Sources: US Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Laudon and Laudon, 2002, 7 th Edition.
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Welcome, Homo conexus*
That’s you …
Desktops
Computers
Smart phones
Social networking
… Pull information in …
… Push yourself onto the web …
The Young & the Digital are you!
* http://www.technologyreview.com/web/17061/
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B. Background
2. What is “data”? What is “information”?
•
•
Definition of Information: Data that have been organized
so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.
(Rainer, 3rd edition, p. 29)
Examples ?
3. Who are the “information workers”?
•
Examples?
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Example: Data vs. Information
Source: Coates, Andrew, “Reporting – Converting Data into Information,” www.civilsolutions.com.au
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Example: Data vs. Information
How many
skis have a
friction
coefficient
> 1.23?
How many
skis have
torsion
strength
< 2?
1
1
Source: Chapter 2, Succeeding in Business with Microsoft Office Excel 2003, by Gross, Akaiwa, and Nordquist, Course Technology, 2006
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B. Background
4. Information technology (IT) industry
•
•
•
HW, SW, telecommunications, support
US: One of largest employers (direct & indirect)
Washington state: High employment growth rate
•
•
WA’s fastest growing occupations for 2004-2014,
Bachelor’s degree or higher
1) Computer Software Engineers, Applications, 2)
Computer Programmers, 3) Computer Software
Engineers, Systems Software, 4) Market Research
Analysts, 5) Aerospace Engineers
Source: State of Washington 2006 WA Labor Market Report (Jan 2007)
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B. Background (cont.)
5. The situation:
Many information workers,
Lots of technology, but …
Effective systems to support
organizations & people
(including customers!) are
not always available.
Organizations need help!!!
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B. Background (cont.)
6. Objective of MIS function:
Plan,
Develop,
Use & Manage
information technology to provide
Successful solutions to business
problems
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C. What is an “Information System”?
1. Definition of Information System (IS):
Combination of HW, SW and
telecommunication networks which
addresses
information-based needs/problems
by
capturing, creating, conveying, cradling, and/or
communicating useful information
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Information System Example:
Seattle Mariners WWW Site
• Seattle Mariners
– Purpose of WWW
Site: Stimulate interest
in team, sell tickets and
merchandise
– Database of team
statistics, merchandise,
tickets
– http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/
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? MIS = IS = IT ?
IT  Information Technology
– Almost interchangeable with IS – perhaps more technical than “IS”,
with emphasis on the actual hardware and software.
– Technical experts may not understand business end well – but some do.
IS  Information Systems
– Almost interchangeable with IT – perhaps more conceptual than “IT”,
with emphasis on planning, design, development and management
methods, etc.
MIS  Management Information Systems
– An academic field that trains people in both business and IT
– MIS grads often coordinate IT/IS projects. They may …
• Meet with business managers to learn what they require.
• Communicate those requirements to the IT staff
• Assist or lead teams to reach the project goals.
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D. IS: Success or Failure?
1. Good news:
28% of large IS are “successful”
(i.e., is on budget, is on time, addresses system goals and is used)
2. Bad news:
72% of IS are not “successful”
•
•
49% completed late, over budget, and/or missing features
23% cancelled
–
Source: SoftwareMag.com (Feb 2001); Survey of 280,000 IS
Development Projects
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More Recent Results: 2004 & 2009
• Similar stats available more
recently at:
•
•
•
http://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/ITManagement/Why-IT-Projects-Fail-762340/
http://www1.standishgroup.com/newsroom/chaos_2
009.php
The Standish Group's just-released report, "CHAOS
Summary 2009," "This year's results show a marked
decrease in project success rates, with
32% of
all projects succeeding which are
delivered on time, on budget, with required features
and functions" says Jim Johnson, chairman of The
44% were
challenged which are late, over budget,
Standish Group, "
and/or with less than the required features and
24% failed
•
functions and
which are
cancelled prior to completion or delivered and
never used.“
http://www.infoq.com/articles/Interview-JohnsonStandish-CHAOS
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D. IS: Success or Failure? (cont.)
3.
How to minimize chances of bad news? Recipe for
success:
Successful IS in business require development
team to have a well rounded set of perspectives
•
Business functions
•
Technology
•
People and Organizations
•
Business objectives/strategies
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D. IS: Success or Failure? (cont.)
6. IT (information technology) people can not
achieve success alone
•
Successful IS in organizations
typically requires the efforts of
many
•
•
e.g., marketing, finance, operations,
management, etc.
Whether or not you are in the MIS
Department” ….
•
You will likely play a role in your
organization’s IS
development/acquisition
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Success Rate is Rising
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E. Dimensions of Information
• If “information” is organized, meaningful
data with value to the user … what
dimensions (aspects) might impact the
meaning and value?
“Intelligence, as I define it, is getting the right
information at the right time at the right place, towards
whatever end you are going for.” Lion Kimbro Click
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E. Dimensions of Information
1.
Three key
dimensions
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E. Dimensions of Information
1.
Purpose of IS includes:
•
2.
Get the proper information to the proper people at the proper time,
place, and format.
Consider these questions:
•
Can we get information to
the manager (or customer) …
• When s/he wants it?
• In a form s/he wants?
(how is information
presented/ organized?)
• Where s/he wants it?
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Support for Decision Making
How to support decision making concerning customers?
Conditional formatting skills (Excel lab book)
Form: good
Place: good?
Time: good?
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Source: Chapter 4, Succeeding in
Business with Microsoft Office Excel 2003,
by Gross, Akaiwa, and Nordquist, Course
Technology, 2006
How is the traffic on the freeway? WA State Dept. of Transportation
WA State Dept. of
Transportation:
Puget Sound
Traffic Conditions
•WWW-based system
•Info provided in
many forms
•Wireless access
(Wireless)
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Social Networking System (e.g., Facebook)
Source: Business Week Online, August 14, 2006; Time Magazine, December 2010.