Transcript Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Natural Laws and Car Control
5.1
Gravity and Energy of
Motion
__________________
Is the force that
pulls all things to Earth.
Driving Up Hills
You will ____________speed unless you
use extra power
To hold speed
You must ____________the vehicle’s power
to overcome the pulling force of gravity
Easier to ____________!
Driving Down Hills
Gravity
will ____________your
speed while going down hill.
Will
take you longer to
____________!
Always
____________while
down a hill!
going
____________of ____________
Is the point around which an object’s
weight is ____________distributed.
Lower the center of gravity – the
____________stable the object becomes.
SUVs very ____________especially when
you lift them.
*Car carriers!
____________of ____________
The ____________energy or the energy
an object has because it is moving.
The faster your vehicle moves, the
____________energy of motion it has.
Energy of motion is also affected by the
____________of the moving object.
Energy of Motion and
Stopping Distance
Go to page 93.
When a truck weighs twice as much;
it needs about ____________the
distance to STOP!
5.2
Friction & Traction
____________
Is
the force that keeps each tire
from ____________on the road.
You
can feel the same force by
rubbing your hands together.
____________
Friction or gripping power between the
____________and the roadway surface.
Traction makes it possible for your vehicle
to ____________the road so you can
change speed and direction.
TIRES!!!!
Tires make a huge difference in the way
your vehicle performs.
Driving with low pressure in your tires can
be the difference between avoiding a
collision or hitting something.
We will discuss this very soon!
Tread and Traction
____________-
outer grooved
surface of a tire that grips the
road.
Tread
allows the tire to cut
through ____________and grip the
road.
Bald tires
____________ grip the road
More likely to have a blowout.
____________
Is where all the air escapes a tire at
once.
Inflation and traction
See page 95
Always check the owner’s manual to find
out the best air pressure range to keep
your tires at!
Check regularly!
Cold weather – pressure ____________
Hot weather – pressure ____________
Underinflation
Only the ____________of the tires will
grip the ground.
Outside part of tires will wear first which
equally short life of the tires.
In emergencies it will not perform
properly.
Overinflation
Only the ____________of the tire will grip
the road.
The center of the tire will wear more
quickly than a normal tire.
Reduced Traction
Vehicle’s condition
____________
____________
____________
____________
When are the road most slippery?
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
___________________
Curves
Energy of motion and traction will work on
your vehicle as you go around a curve.
The energy of motion will try to make
your vehicle go ____________in a curve.
____________the speed = more it will
tend to go straight.
Speed and Curves
You cant control the ___________but
you can control your ____________.
Reduce your chances of skidding by
____________your speed before
entering a curve.
Sharpness of Curves
The sharper a curve, the more
traction your vehicle needs to grip the
road.
Sharper the curve = ____________
your speed
Banked Curves
A curve that is ____________on the
outside than it is on the inside.
Helps to overcome your vehicle's
tendency to move to the outside of
the curve.
5.3
Stopping Distance
__________ __________ Distance
The distance your car travels
while you make a stop.
____________ Time
The ____________ it takes to
identify, predict, and decide to slow
for a hazard.
Perception time will vary depending
on:
____________
The
____________ of hazard
Perception _________
The
____________ your vehicle
travels during perception time.
Depending
on the driving
situation this may change.
____________ Time
The
length of time you take to
execute your action.
Average
reaction time is
____________ of a second.
____________ Distance
The
distance your vehicle
travels while you react.
____________ Distance
The
distance you vehicle travels
from the time you ____________
the brake until your vehicle
____________.
* If you accelerate from 20 mph to 40 mph,
your braking distance will be about
______ times longer.
How do you estimate stopping distance?
Pick a fixed object or checkpoint ahead where you
think you can stop.
Count _____ seconds.
Check your position. If you reached it, then you
can assume that you could have stopped there
under ideal conditions.
*If you were traveling 65 mph, it would take about 300 ft to
stop (length of a football field.)
Factors that Affect Braking Distance
Speed – higher speed
the braking distance
____________
Vehicle Condition – vehicles with worn
shocks, ____________, and brakes
need longer time
Roadway surface – rain, ____________,
ice, dirt, gravel, & ____________
reduce traction
Driver Ability – if you are distracted or
impaired, it will take you longer to stop
your vehicle.
Antilock Braking System – allows you to
better control your stopping distance while
turning
Hills – braking ____________ when
driving downhill
Loads – ____________loads increase
your braking distance
5.4
Controlling Force
of Impact
Force of Impact
The force with which a
___________________________
___________________________
Three factors that determine how hard
something will hit another object:
____________
____________
________________________________
Speed
Is the ____________ factor in
determining how hard a vehicle will hit
another object.
Any reduction in speed will greatly
____________ the damage inflicted.
Always try to ____________ speed in
an emergency.
Weight
The heavier a vehicle, the
____________ damage it will cause in
a collision.
A vehicle weighing twice as much as
another vehicle will hit a solid object
____________ as hard.
Distance between impact & stopping
The ______________ a vehicle covers
between the instant it hits an object and
the moment it comes to a __________
can vary greatly.
Sand barrels slow your vehicle as it hits a
guardrail.
How many collisions occur when
you are in a collision?
1st – The ______________ hits the object
and stops.
2nd – The ______________ either hit the
inside of the vehicle or their restraints
devices.
3rd – Occupants may suffer internal
collisions as their organs ______________
their bodies.
Passive Restraints Devices
Works
Ex.
______________
______________
Active Restraint Devices
Is a device that you have to
______________ .
Ex. ______________
How to wear safety belts
1.
2.
3.
Adjust your seat to a comfortable upright
position.
Buckle your seatbelt making sure lap
part is low and snug across your hips.
Adjust shoulder part. Never put it behind
your body!
Air Bags
Is balloon-type device that automatically
inflates to protect you.
They deploy at speeds over _______ mph.
Are designed to work with ____________ .
Keep hands between 9 and 3 o’clock and 8
and 4 o’clock to prevent serious hand,
arm, head, and eye injury.
Airbags continued…
Make sure you sit at least
______________ inches away from the
steering wheel.
Children in child seats and young people
up to the age of ______________ must sit
in the back seat.
Air bag Improvements
Sensors can measure weight, seat position,
and severity of crash.
Deploys in 2 stages appropriate for
speed and intensity
Airbag switches give vehicle owners a
choice about using an airbag.
Other Protection Devices
Automatic Safety Belts
Front and rear crush areas
Make sure you buckle the lap belt
Designed to ______________ on impact like an
accordion
Energy absorbing bumpers
Absorb low levels of impact up to _____ mph
without damage
Side door beams
______________ windshield
Steal beams built into the side door.
Two pieces of glass with a thin layer of plastic
in the middle help avoid flying glass.
Energy-absorbing steering wheel
Designed to ______________ when hit.
______________ dash
______________ seats
Can reduce injury in all crashes
All states require them. Must be used in the
back seat.
Head restraints
Padded head rests on top of seat protect
against ______________ .
GOOD LUCK
on
Tuesday
or
Thursday