Transcript 新编英汉互译教程讲稿

Tasks for today’s lesson
英语状语从句的翻译
(Translation of Adverbial Clauses)
 Check Exercise 16
 Chapter 16
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Chapter 16
英语状语从句的翻译
(Translation of Adverbial Clauses)
 Chapter 16
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基本思想
英语状语从句，包括表示时间、条件、目
的等的各种从句。尽管引导英语状语从句
的从属连词，基本上可以在汉语中找到相
对应的关联词，但有时不必翻译。
 英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句
之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般
位于主句之前，偶尔才位于主句之后。

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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译
16.1.1译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的
状语
 When they approached Trenton, lights were
still burning in many of the houses and
Christmas parties were still going on.


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当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯
火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译

We shall discuss the problem fully before
we make the decision.
 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题。
 The iron should be stricken while it is hot.
 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热。)
 我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄
显得老一些了。
 When we met each other for the second
time, I found that she looked older than she
was.
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译
英汉语言表达的习惯差异：
 通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的
状语从句可前可后, 以位于后者为多。
 英语是一种形合语言，多使用关联词；汉
语是一种意合的语言，较少使用关联词。
 因此，英译汉时，尽量少用关联词；汉译
英时，尽量多用关联词。

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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译
英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接
副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译，但有
时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替
换，需要转译。
 有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时
间的引导词(如when, before, until 等)引导，
但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译
成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件
的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。

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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译

When winds blow particles against a large
rock for a long time, the softer layers of the
rock are slowly worn away.
 由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石，久而久
之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(译
成汉语复句的表原因的偏句)
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译

One must sow before one can reap.
 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要
条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯,
译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。)
 Before manned spacecraft could be sent to
space, the problem of getting the spacecraft
safely back to earth had to be solved.
 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就
必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译
成汉语单句的目的状语)
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译

Not until we have detailed studies of the present
movement of traffic and have a clearer idea of
how many people wish to travel, where they want
to go, at what time of day and how quickly— not
until then can we begin to plan a proper
transportation system for the future.

只有详细地研究当前的交通流量，比较清楚地了
解有多少人想去旅行，要到哪里去，在一天中的
什么时候上路, 希望以多快的速度旅行，只有到
那时，我们才能开始对未来的运输系统进行合理
的规划。(译成汉语复句的条件偏句)
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译
16.1.3 翻译成固定句型
 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。
 Scarcely had we got to the station before
the train left.
 计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。
 Hardly had the computer started working
when viruses were found.

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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译

As soon as she heard the news, she fainted.
 她一听到这个消息, 就昏过去了。
 They fell in love the moment they saw each
other for the first time.
 他们一见钟情。
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16.1 时间状语从句的翻译
16.1.4 译成并列分句
 The earth turns round its axis as it travels
about the sun.
 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。
 I read a newspaper while I was waiting / I
waited.

我边等边看报。
 I was going home when I met Mary.
 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。

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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译
英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词 as, because,
since 引导。
 由because引出的原因状语从句一般置于句末，
也可位于句首，通常用来表示直接原因。
 由as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首；若置于
句末，前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为
说话的对方所知道，as通常翻译为“由于”。
 since引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首，把已
知的事实作为推理的依据，说明的原因或理由是
说话的双方所明知的事实，因此，since往往翻
译为“既然”。

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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译
所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通
常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。
 汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于
译句句首，也可置于译句句末。

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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译
16.2.1 译成表示原因的分句
 They are informal, most likely because they
are always in a great hurry.
 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总
是处于匆忙之中。
 Because his parents had paved a good way
for him, he didn’t worry about it at all.


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他之所以一点不急，是因为父母已为他铺
好了道路。
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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译

It is frequently said that computers solve
problems only because they are
“programmed ” to do so.
 人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题, 只是因
为电脑给输入了解决问题的“程序”。
 既然发言人不能来，我们不得不取消这次
会议。
 Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to
cancel the meeting.
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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译
16.2.2 译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的
并列分句
 As families move away from their stable
community, their friends of many years,
and their extended family relationships, the
informal flow of information is cut off.


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众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年
的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息
来源就此切断。
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16.2 原因状语从句的翻译

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Since the electrical inventions which Edison
had given us were very important, we could
not live without them—not for one minute.
爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，
我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
16.3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句
 If the epidemic cannot be controlled
effectively, the whole country will come into
chaos.
 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个
国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。
 [27] We won’t be able to go there on foot in
case it rains.


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要是下雨，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译

If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a
different life, leaving less regrets.
 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不
同，不会留下这么多遗憾。
 只有忠实于事实，才能忠实于真理。
 Only if we are true to facts, can we be loyal
to the truth.
 只要我们努力工作，就能实现人生目标。
 We can realize the goal of our life, if only
we work hard.
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
16.3.2 译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子
 If the temperature drops to zero degree
centigrade, water freezes.

水在摄氏零度结冰。
 If you work hard, you will succeed.

努力工作，就会成功。
 If you melt two or more metals together, you can
get a new metal.


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将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金
属。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
16.3.3 译成补充说明情况的分句
 “You’ll have some money by then—that
is , if you last the week out, you fool.”
 “到那时你该有点钱了——就是说，如果你
能度过这星期的话，你这傻瓜。”
 Be respectful to your superiors, if you have
any, also to strangers, and sometimes to
others.
 要尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对
待陌生人，有时还有别人，也要尊重。

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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
16.3.4 译成特定的条件分句
 They
might be prepared to trim
production—but only if they are convinced
it will firm prices.
 它们可能准备削减产量——但条件是必须
先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。
 Certainly you can pass the test, but only if
you study very hard.
 你肯定能通过考试，但前提是你学习非常
刻苦。

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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译
16.4.1 译成表示 “让步”的分句
 Although there are these cultural
differences, the main engine propelling the
separatist cause is economic.

尽管有文化差异，但是推动分裂主义进程
的主要动力是经济因素。
 Old as he is, he would rather work than sit
idle.
 他虽已年迈，但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。

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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译

Although we were very close, the time came
when Jeff needed a door between us, a
space of his own to grow in.
 虽然我们之间亲密无间, 但还是有一天, 杰
夫需要一扇门把我们分开, 需要一个他自己
成长的空间。
 哪怕成功的希望渺茫，我们也还要试一试。
 Even though our hope for success is pretty
slim, we still want to have a try.
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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译
即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，
也还要学习人家的长处。
 We must continue to learn the strong points
of other nations, even if we have caught up
with the world advanced level in the field of
science and technology.

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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译
16.4.2 译成表 “无条件”的条件分句
 英语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方
面的一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件
下都会产生同样的结果，也就是说结果的
产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的
前一分句，称之为“无条件”的条件分句，
通常以whatever, wherever, whoever,
whenever, no matter wh- 为引导词, 通常
翻译为“不论” “无论” “不管” 等关
联词。

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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译
16.4.2 译成表 “无条件”的条件分句
 Yet whenever I stopped by his hospital bedside, he
was surrounded by visitors from his church,
singing and praying.

然而，无论我何时来到他的病床边，他总是被来
自他奉职教堂的人所包围，他们又唱又祷告。
 I’ll be right here waiting for you, wherever you
go, and whatever you do.


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无论你到哪里去，无论你做什么，我都会在这儿
等你。
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16.4 让步状语从句的翻译

No matter what happens, he will go on with
an indomitable will without turning back.
 不管发生什么事，他都将义无反顾, 勇往直
前。
 We are all, whatever part of the world we
come from, persuaded that our own nation
is superior to all others.
 不论我们来自世界上的哪个国家，我们大
家全都相信，我们自己的民族优于所有别
的民族。
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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译

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以so that , in order that, to the end that, in
case等从属短语连词引导的目的状语从句，
一般译成汉语中相对应的 “为了”、“以
便”、“以免”、“以防”等引导的目的
状语修饰语。同样，汉语中这样的目的状
语修饰语应翻译成英语的目的状语从句。
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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译
16.5.1 译成表示 “目的”的后置状语
 You’d better take an umbrella with you in
case it rains.
 你最好带把伞以防下雨。
 He is planning to make this speech in order
that we might have a better understanding
of the vicissitude of the international
situation.
 他打算做一次演说，以便我们能更好地理
解当今国际形势的风云变幻。

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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译
为了扩大知识面，你们除了学好规定的教材之外，
还应该阅读一些与专业相关的书籍。
 Besides learning the prescribed textbooks, you are
supposed to read more books on your subject in
order that you may expand your scope of
knowledge.
 学生应该背诵一些优秀散文，以便奠定坚实的语
言基本功。
 Students are expected to recite a number of
excellent pieces of prose so that they may lay a
solid foundation in language competence.

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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译
16.5.2 译成表示 “目的”的前置状语
 The travel plan was cancelled in order that
the spread of SARS could be prevented.
 为了防止非典的传染, 这次旅行计划给取消
了。
 He sent a bunch of flowers each day in
order that he could win her love.


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为了赢得她的芳心，他每天送她一束花。
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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译
16.5.3 灵活地译为表目的的句子
 有时也可根据逻辑意义和汉语表达习惯,
将英语目的状语从句与主句融合起来翻译，
译为表目的的句子，包含“其目的是……”
和“为的就是……” 这样的词语。

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16.5 目的状语从句的翻译

The UN was established in order that peace
and development can be promoted.
创建联合国的目的就是要推动和平与发展。
 We learn from our past lessons so that
history won’t repeat itself.


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我们从过去的经历中吸取教训为的就是不
再重蹈覆辙。
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16.6 结果状语从句的翻译
16.6.1 译成表结果的分句
 他睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。
 He had overslept, so that he was late for
work.
 那个女孩上个学期学习非常勤奋，因此期
末每门功课考试都获得优秀成绩。
 That girl studied very diligently last term so
that she obtained excellent results in all the
terminal examinations.

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16.6 结果状语从句的翻译

He never played with the children that a
quarrel did not follow.
他跟孩子们玩耍，结果总是吵架。
 The book was so boring that he gave up
reading it half way through.


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该书如此枯燥乏味，以至他读了一半就放
弃了。
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16.6 结果状语从句的翻译
16.6.2 译成不含关联词但内含因果关系的
并列分句
 There are many factories around, as a
result, the air is seriously polluted by smoke.

这周围有许多工厂，空气受到烟尘的严重
污染。
 It was such a terrible experience that I will
never forget it.


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那次经历可怕至极，我永远不会忘记。
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16.6 结果状语从句的翻译

Peter is such a nice boy that he is loved by
everybody.
彼得是个好男孩，人人都喜爱。
 Such was his anxiety that he couldn’t stop
trembling.
 他焦虑不安，颤抖不已。

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16.7 方式状语从句的翻译
表示方式的状语从句通常由as, as if, as
though引导，往往位于主句之后，但在
as...so...结构中，as 分句通常置于主
句之前。在口语中可用the way (that)引
导方式状语从句。
 Please do exactly as your doctor says.
 务请按照医生的吩咐行事。
 Mary does not bother about trifles the way
her sister does.
 玛丽不像她姐姐那样关心鸡毛蒜皮的小事。

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16.7 方式状语从句的翻译

All folk songs sound as if they come from the
heart.
所有民歌听起来宛如人们的心声。
 The clouds disappeared as if by magic.

那些云团消失得无影无踪，如同被魔力驱散了。
 As a man sows, so he will reap.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
 As the twig is bent, so the tree is inclined.
 上梁不正下梁歪。

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16.8 地点状语从句的翻译
16.8地点状语从句的翻译
 地点状语分句是表示时空关系的分句结构。
英语地点状语分句可位于主句之前，亦可
置于主句之后。汉语地点状语分句通常位
于主句之前。

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16.8 地点状语从句的翻译

Where you find high wages, you will find
high prices.
 哪里工资高，哪里消费就高。(工资高的地
方物价昂贵。)
 Where there is clean air and water, there
are people who live a long life.

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哪里有洁净的空气和水，哪里的人们就长
寿。
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16.8 地点状语从句的翻译
哪里阳光充足、雨水颇多，哪里的田野就
一片绿色。
 Where there is plenty of sun and rain, the
fields are green.
 不管她走到哪里，总有成群的人们等待着
见她。
 Wherever she goes, there are crowds of
people waiting to see her.

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16.8 地点状语从句的翻译

Wherever he happens to be, John can make
himself at home.
约翰无论在什么地方都能随遇而安，感觉就像在
家里一样。
 Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and
preferred to work behind scenes, many today seek
publicity as a useful tool.
 过去，游说者往往避免出名，喜欢在幕后工作,
如今他们中许多人把抛头露面作为一种有用的手
段来追求。
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16.8 地点状语从句的翻译
值得着重指出的是，英语状语分句的位置颇为灵
活，可位于主句之前，也可置于主句之后，而汉
语状语分句一般位于句首，很少置于句末。因此，
英语的状语分句，不论其位置如何，翻译成汉语
时通常可位于句首。
 所有的英语状语分句都必须由从属连词引导，而
汉语状语分句则不一定。所以，在许多情况下，
英语状语分句翻译成汉语时，其从属连词可省略，
而且有时省略更好。
 与此相反，汉语状语分句，不论是否有关联词，
翻译成英语时必须有从属连词引导。
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Homework:

Chapter 17
 Exercise 17
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