Transcript Slide 1
Course ILT
Monitoring and management
Unit objectives
Identify the stages of the Windows
startup process
Use Windows 2000 Professional and
Windows XP utilities to monitor the
operating system
Troubleshoot operating system
problems
Manage the operating system
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Topic A
Topic A: The Windows boot process
Topic B: System monitoring
Topic C: System troubleshooting
Topic D: System management
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Windows 2000/XP startup files
NTLDR
Boot.ini
Bootsect.dos
Ntdetect.com
Ntbootdd.sys
Ntoskrnl.exe
Hal.dll
System Registry hive
Smss.exe
continued
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2000/XP startup files, continued
Pagefile.sys
Winlogon.exe
Lsass.exe
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The Registry
A hierarchical database
Created during Windows installation
Binary files hold system configuration
information
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Security settings
User profiles
Installed applications
Attached hardware
System properties
Files are called hives
continued
The Registry, continued
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Stored in the folder
\%systemroot%\System32\Config
– Windows 2000 Professional — C:\Winnt
– Windows XP — C:\Windows
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Registry keys
Section of the Registry
Contains subkeys and values
Keys:
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HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
HKEY_CURRENT_USER
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
HKEY_USERS
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
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Startup process
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ROM BIOS bootstrap process
Boot phase — using NTLDR
Load phase
Kernel-initialization phase
Services-load phase
Win32 subsystem start phase
User logon
Last Known Good control set created
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Activity A-1
Identifying phases in the
startup process
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Activity A-2
Observing the Windows XP
startup process
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Topic B
Topic A: The Windows boot process
Topic B: System monitoring
Topic C: System troubleshooting
Topic D: System management
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Windows Diagnostics
MSINFO32
System Information dialog box
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Hardware Resources
Components
Software Environment
Internet Settings
Can also use Start, Programs,
Accessories, System Tools menu
Connect to a remote computer
1. Choose View, Remote Computer
2. Enter network name of the computer
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Activity B-1
Running Windows Diagnostics
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Task Manager
Information on running processes
Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete –or–
Right-click an empty space in the
taskbar and choose Task Manager
Three tabs
– Application
– Processes
– Performance
Windows XP – two additional tabs
– Networking
– Users
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Task Manager in Windows XP
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Activity B-2
Observing Task Manager data
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Computer Management
Use to manage a local or a remote
computer
Administrative tasks:
– Monitor system events
– Create and manage shared resources
– Determine the users who are connected the
computer you are managing
– Start and stop system services
– Set properties for storage devices
– View device configurations
– Add or change device drivers
– Manage applications and services
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Event Viewer
Monitor events that occur on your
system
Use to determine the cause of
problems
Categories
– Application
– Security
– System
Access through Administrative Tools or
Computer Management console
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Event information
Type
Date
Time
Source
Category
Event
User
Computer
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Event types
Error
Warning
Information
Success Audit (Security Log only)
Failure Audit (Security Log only)
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Event properties
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Activity B-3
Viewing the event logs
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Error Reporting
Report system and program errors to
Microsoft
Track and address errors with:
– Operating system
– Windows component
– Programs
Can configure error reporting to send
only specified information
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Error Reporting choices
Disable error reporting
Notify me when critical errors occur
Enable error reporting
Windows operating system
Programs
Choose Programs
Clicking the Choose Program button
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Activity B-4
Disabling Error Reporting
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Activity B-5
Enabling error reporting for
specific programs
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Topic C
Topic A: The Windows boot process
Topic B: System monitoring
Topic C: System troubleshooting
Topic D: System management
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Startup messages
Computer boots successfully but
reports an error message when
loading the operating system
Messages:
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Error in CONFIG.SYS line ##
Himem.sys not loaded
Missing or corrupt Himem.sys
Device/service has failed to start
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Boot messages
Computer doesn’t boot successfully;
never gets to the operating-system
load phase
Messages:
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Invalid boot or non-system disk error
Inaccessible boot device
Missing NTLDR or Couldn’t find NTLDR
Bad or missing Command interpreter
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Operating-system load errors
Computer successfully boots, but
operating system interface doesn’t
load properly
Messages:
– Failure to start GUI
– Windows Protection Error—illegal
operation
– User-modified settings cause improper
operation at startup
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Activity C-1
Interpreting boot and startup messages
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Startup modes
Use to diagnose and fix problems
Press F8 after you hear your
computer’s startup beep
Modes:
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Safe mode
Safe mode with networking
Safe mode with command prompt
Enable boot logging
Enable VGA mode
Last Known Good Configuration
continued
Startup modes, continued
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Modes, continued:
– Debugging mode
– Start Windows normally
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Activity C-2
Booting the computer in different
startup modes
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Dr. Watson
Use to log errors
user.dmp and drwtsn32.log files
\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data\Microsoft\Dr
Watson folder
Copy into the Windows Startup folder
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Activity C-3
Managing general protection faults
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System Configuration Utility
Msconfig
Use to view, disable, and enable
services and software that run at
startup
Quickly test solutions to startup
problems
Click Start, choose Run, type
msconfig, and click OK
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Services page
Startup modes
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On the General tab:
– Normal Startup
– Diagnostic Startup
– Selective Startup
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Activity C-4
Using the System Configuration Utility
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System Restore
Creates snapshots of your computer’s
configuration
Three types of snapshots:
– System checkpoints
– Manual restore points
– Installation restore points
Use to restore your computer to a
previous configuration
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System Restore in Windows XP
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Activity C-5
Creating a system restore point
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Activity C-6
Booting to System Restore
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Emergency Repair Disks
Contains basic system configuration
files
Use to restore your computer to a
bootable state if:
– Registry is damaged
– NTFS partition isn’t successfully booting
%systemroot%\Repair folder
Not bootable; use with the Windows
installation CD-ROM
continued
Emergency Repair Disks, continued
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Use to:
– Inspect and repair the boot sector
– Inspect and repair the startup
environment
– Verify Windows 2000/XP system files
and replace missing or damaged files
Update ERD whenever you make
configuration changes to computer
Not a substitute for a full Registry
backup
ASR in Windows XP
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Windows 2000 ERD
Autoexec.nt
Config.nt
Setup.log
No Registry information
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Automated System Recovery
Creates a backup of your system
partition and a floppy disk containing
critical system settings
Recover from a system failure caused
by problems with the system/boot
volume
Not available in Home Edition or
Media Center
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ASR tasks
1. Restores the disk configurations
2. Formats your system and boot
volumes
3. Installs a bare-bones version of
Windows
4. Runs Backup to rebuild your system
and boot volumes from your ASR
backup set
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Activity C-7
Creating an ASR recovery set
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Recovery Console
Use to recover when your computer
doesn’t start properly or at all
Access FAT, FAT32, and NTFS
volumes from a command line
Use to:
– Repair the boot sector
– Replace missing or corrupt operating
system files
– Create and format partitions
– Enable or disable services or devices
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Folder access in Recovery Console
The root folder
The %systemroot% folder and the
subfolders of the Windows XP
Professional or Windows 2000
Professional installation you selected
when loading the Recovery Console
The Cmdcons folder
Removable media drives, such as CDROM and DVD drives
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Activity C-8
Running the Recovery Console
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Microsoft Knowledge Base
Troubleshooting reference
Contains problem and solution
references for:
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Windows 2000 Professional
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Home Edition
Many other Microsoft applications
Explains many Microsoft error
messages
support.microsoft.com
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Activity C-9
Using Microsoft’s Knowledge Base
to research a problem
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Topic D
Topic A: The Windows boot process
Topic B: System monitoring
Topic C: System troubleshooting
Topic D: System management
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Temporary files
Used to keep track of changes in your
files as you work on them
Should be deleted automatically
Not removed if:
– Application shuts down unexpectedly
– Application isn’t programmed correctly to
remove its temporary files
File names:
– Begin with tilde (~)
– End with .tmp
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Activity D-1
Managing temporary files
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Registry editors
regedit.exe or regedt32.exe
regedit.exe — superior search
capabilities
regedt32.exe — more powerful editing
tool
Click Start, choose Run, type “regedit”
or “regedt32” and click OK
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The regedt32 window
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Activity D-2
Viewing Registry information
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Services and Applications
A Computer Management utility
Use to manage the services and
applications running on
– Local computer
– Remote computer
Three tools:
– Services
– WMI Control
– Indexing Services
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Services
Configure settings relating to how
services function and respond to
potential problems
Four configuration tabs:
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General
Log On
Recovery
Dependencies
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Activity D-3
Managing services
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Environment variables
Tell applications where to find and put
files on your hard drive
User variables
System variables
Temp/tmp variables — most common
Access through Advanced tab of My
Computer properties
Changes to variables written to
Registry
System variables — changes must be
made by Administrator
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Setting environment variables
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Set command
Configure environment variables at the
command prompt
set variable=string
– variable is the name of the environment
variable
– string is the value you want to assign to
the variable
Set command alone to view variables
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Activity D-4
Configuring environment variables
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Unit summary
Identified the stages of the Windows
startup process
Used Windows 2000 Professional and
Windows XP utilities to monitor the
operating system
Resolved operating system problems
Managed the operating system