Chapter 9 The Market Revolution, 1800– 1840

“

The MARKET REVOLUTION

”  

Economic Changes Innovations in transportation and communication

Roads and steamboats

   Turnpikes: Toll Roads  National Road (1806): Cumberland, MD to Old Northwest  Lancaster Turnpike: Pennsylvania (1807) Robert Fulton: Steamboat (Clermont) Allowed for quicker transport  Upstream trade

Erie CANAL

    1825 Governor DeWitt Clinton Upstate New York Travel from east to west

Map 9.1

The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1840

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Railroads

  1828 – Baltimore and Ohio (1 st 30,000 miles of railroad by 1860 railroad)

Telegraph

    Samuel Morse – 1830s First message 1844: "What hath God wrought?" Used Morse code Public information first

The Rise of the West

      Result of improvements in technology 1815-1821: IN, IL, MO, AL, MS, and ME states Small farm families with slaves (Cotton) Farm families and New Englanders to Midwest Florida (1819) from Spanish 1840: 2/5 th lived west of Appalachians

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Map 9.2

The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820

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Map 9.3

Travel times from New York City in 1800 and 1830

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

A New Economy

  The Cotton Kingdom   Eli Whitney ’ s Cotton Gin (1793) Expanded slavery while dividing North and South The Unfree Westward Movement   1 million forced west Jefferson ’ s dream of free west shattered

Map 9.4

The Market Revolution : the spread of cotton cultivation, 1820–1840

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

Table 9.1

Population Growth of Selected Western States, 1800–1850 (Excluding Indians)

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition

Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

Regional Differences

   South   Rural Underdeveloped compared to North North  Connection between commercial farms & manufacturing in cities West  Loans from the east  Increased agricultural production

Cities

   Cincinnati and St Louis  slaughterhouses Chicago  Based on location Increase in growth

Map 9.5

Major Cities, 1840

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Market Society

 The Factory System      Samuel Slater – Spinning Jenny Powered by water Textiles in 1840s Other products later Eli Whitney – interchangeable parts

Map 9.6

Cotton Mills, 1820s

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Market Society

  The Industrial Worker    More rigid Wage not product based Clock time The “ Mill Girls ”  Moral village   Short term employment Replaced with immigrants

Market Society

 The Growth of Immigration   Irish – potato famine; stayed on east coast Germans – political unrest; more skilled; headed west

Table 9.2

Total Number of Immigrants by Five-year Period

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Market Society

 The Rise of Nativism    Anti-Catholic so Anti-Irish Blamed immigrants for society ’ s ills Riots and violence

Market Society

 The Transformation of Law 

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

 State could make contracts  

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

 Anti-monopoly

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1837)

 Fostered competition  Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge (1837)